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研究生： 蔡宗樺
Tzung-Hua Tsai
論文名稱： 選擇性還原觸媒之動態建模及參數鑑別
Dynamic Modeling and Parameter Identification of a Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) System
指導教授： 姜嘉瑞
Chia-Jui Chiang
口試委員: 盧昭暉
none
呂百修
none
吳浴沂
none
陳亮光
Liang-Kuang Chen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 選擇性還原觸媒 、動態模型
外文關鍵詞： Selective Catalyst Reduction, Dynamic Modeling
相關次數： 點閱：138  下載：2 
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  •  上一筆

    • 選擇性還原觸媒(Selective Catalyst Reduction ,SCR) 主要藉由額外注入排氣管
    中的尿素水溶液來有效降低柴油引擎所排放的NOx 汙染物。為了控制器設計及分析,
    本篇論文建立了零維度SCR 動態模型以及在缺乏NH3洩漏量測下之。此SCR 動態模
    型之狀態包括NOx濃度、NH3濃度及觸媒表面NH3覆蓋率。模型當中考慮與溫度相關
    之NH3吸附、脫附、氧化及NOx還原反應。鑑別方法先以康捷公司提供之標準反應器的
    測試數據, 鑑別出實驗觸媒之還原反應速率參數。再以柴油引擎實驗NOx量測進行吸、
    脫附反應速率參數、觸媒表面NH3覆蓋率及NH3 氧化反應參數之估測。最後以多個引
    擎操作點下不同尿素噴注實驗之穩態及暫態實驗根據, 進行此SCR 動態模型之驗證。

    The urea-water-solution based selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system is
    one of the effective device in reducing the NOx emission of diesel engines. For
    the purpose of control synthesis and design, a zero dimensional dynamic model is
    developed in this thesis for a selective catalyst reduction system. In the absence of NH3 measurement, a procedure is proposed for identification of all the reaction constants. The states in this model include the concentration of NOx and NH3 and the surface coverage rate of the catalyst. The temperature-dependent reactions considered in this model include the adsorption, desorption and oxidation of NH3 and the NOx reduction. In the parameter identification process, the chemical reactor data provided by KJ company is first used for identification of the NOx reduction constants. The engine test data are then used for identification of the reaction constants for the adsorption, desorption, oxidation and the surface coverage rate of the catalyst. Finally, the SCR model is validated against steady-state and transient data at various engine modes and urea injection rate.

    目錄 摘要I Abstract II 致謝III 目錄IV 圖目錄VI 1 緒論1 1.1 研究背景. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 文獻回顧. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 研究貢獻. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 論文架構. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 實驗系統設置8 2.1 實驗硬體設備. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.1 SCR觸媒系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.2 SCR觸媒本體. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.1.3 尿素水溶液. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.4 SCR溫度感測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.5 NOx感測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.6 SCR觸媒系統驅動裝置. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.2 實驗軟體設備. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.1 MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.2.2 Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2.3 Motohawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.2.4 MotoTune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 SCR物理模型特性23 3.1 SCR工作原理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.2 SCR動態模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2.1 SCR穩態模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.2.2 NH3洩漏濃度模型. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.3 SCR參數鑑別流程. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.3.1 反應參數線性回歸方法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.3.2 NOx還原反應速率鑑別. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.3.3 NH3覆蓋率估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.3.4 NH3洩漏量估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.3.5 NH3吸附脫附反應參數鑑別. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.3.6 NH3氧化反應參數鑑別. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4 SCR動態模型驗證49 4.1 SCR尿素暫態噴注之模型驗證. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.2 SCR不同尿素噴注量比較. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5 結論與未來展望53 5.1 結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 5.2 未來展望. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 附錄名詞定義55 附錄ESC 穩態實驗操作點資料56 參考文獻56 圖目錄 1.1 汽油與柴油引擎特性比較[1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 歐盟法規圖表[2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Mass and engergy flow within the SCR cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 柴油引擎與SCR 系統架構圖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 SCR觸媒系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.3 Cummins SCR-kits 週邊裝置(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4 Cummins SCR-kits 週邊裝置(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.5 Cummins SCR-kits 週邊裝置(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.6 康捷環保觸媒整體. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.7 康捷環保觸媒內部構造. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.8 尿素水溶液. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.9 SNS NOx感測器. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.10 尿素噴注系統驅動週邊裝置(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.11 尿素噴注系統驅動週邊裝置(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.12 尿素噴注系統驅動實體配置. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.13 Motohawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.14 Mototune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.1 尿素溶液濃度與凝結溫度[3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.2 觸媒轉化NOx工作範圍. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.3 Mass and engergy flow within the SCR cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.4 參數資訊II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.5 反應器測試觸媒工作溫度與NOx轉化效率圖. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.6 觸媒於反應器內的Arrhenius 速率常數鑑別結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.7 SCR觸媒於反應器內De-NOx 實驗與模型驗證結果. . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.8 SCR系統於ESC 測試之覆蓋率結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.9 SCR系統於ESC 測試之穩態驗證結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.10 SCR系統於ESC 測試之氨洩漏估測. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.11 SCR系統於ESC 測試之吸脫附參數鑑別操作點. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.12 不同溫度下吸附速率常數線性回歸結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.13 不同溫度下脫附速率常數線性回歸結果. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.14 不同溫度下氧化速率常數選取操作點. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.1 SCR漸歇式供應尿素水溶液於ESC 穩態操作點Mode 13驗證. . . . . 50 4.2 SCR漸歇式供應尿素水溶液於ESC 穩態操作點Mode 6驗證. . . . . . 51 4.3 SCR漸歇式供應尿素水溶液於ESC 穩態操作點Mode 4驗證. . . . . . 51 4.4 引擎實驗於不同尿素噴注量分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.5 SCR動態模型於不同尿素噴注量分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

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