永續製造意即透過減少對環境的負向影響、節約能源及自然資源、對於工人和當地社區與消費者提供安全性、及經濟上可行之產出產品的過程。近年來，有鑑於製造業活動對於環境、社會 (如: 受雇者或工人、消費者、及當地社區)及經濟上的直接及間接性影響，永續製造的議題引起了政府與製造業者的高度關注。因為其被公認的重要性及多元化概念，永續性在人因工程、管理學、工業工程及其他工程學門已成為一熱門研究領域。儘管如此，對於環境、社會、經濟上的著重點是相異的。許多相關於永續製造的組織報告和學術研究已發表了用於評估永續性製造績效的指標。考量在環境、社會、經濟觀點上各指標的不同重要性程度將有助於達成真正的永續製造。然而，多數已被發展的先前研究中，對於永續性評核模式是奠基於經濟上及環境上的考量而對於社會性的則較少著墨。
為補足此一缺失，本論文中我們將提出一方式，確認人因角度上的製造永續性之指標，並且以模糊德爾菲法驗證被確認的指標之重要性。從製造業而言，以人因觀點評估永續性表現，說明人類特質、行為、表現、人類與產品之互動、與工作場域之互動、與工作環境之互動、以及與產品的各生命週期之互動，提供了更全面性的社會面項。為了確認永續性指標，本研究發展了兩項概念性架構，其一奠基於產品本身，涵蓋搖籃到墳墓 (cradle-to-grave)之永續性評估。另一則奠基於過程，涵蓋大門到大門方式 (gate-to-gate)。本研究蒐集了65位專家於德爾菲問卷所得之結果，此問卷採九分制評比方式，以驗證兩個架構中各指標的重要性程度。以演算法方式分析專家們的看法，同時考量專家間相似及不同處，以及分配給各專家的重要性程度。結果指出本研究中所有確認的指標對於製造業的表現均是重要的。以過程為基礎的架構其解模糊數值大於0.5254，而以產品為基礎的架構其解模糊數值大於0.6273。然而，每個指標的重要性程度則分岐。本研究成果更進一步涵蓋了社會性方面的面項，並說明了人因考量於永續發展的角色。再者，業界管理者以及實務工作者將可參酌本研究提出的指標優先程度資訊，用以計畫資源分配，以達到永續產品與製程永續發展的目標。

Sustainable manufacturing is producing products through processes that reduces negative environmental effects, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for workers, local communities and consumers and are economically viable. In recent years, the issue of sustainable manufacturing has received considerable attention by governments and manufacturing industries due to growing awareness of the direct and indirect effects of manufacturing activities on the environment, society (i.e., employee or workers, consumers, local community) and economy. Because of its recognized importance and diversified concept, sustainability become a hot research area of several disciplines including ergonomics, management, industrial engineering and other engineering fields. Even though, the emphasis given to environmental, social and economic were different, numerous organizational report and academic papers related to sustainable manufacturing have presented indicators that are used to evaluate the performance of manufacturing towards sustainability. A strong and truly sustainable manufacturing achieved by taking into account proportional indicators or factors under environmental, social and economic aspects. However, most previous studies on sustainability evaluation model were developed based on economic and environmental aspects with giving less attention to the social aspects.
To bridge this gap, in this dissertation, we proposed an approach to identify the indicators of manufacturing sustainability in ergonomics perspective and to validate the importance of the identified indicators using a fuzzy Delphi method. From manufacturing viewpoint, evaluating sustainability performance from an ergonomics perspective provides more comprehensive social dimension aspects by addressing human characteristics, behavior, performance, human interaction with a product, workplace, process working environment, and the product across its life cycle. For identification of sustainability indicators, this study developed two conceptual frameworks, one based on products (i.e., covering the cradle-to-grave sustainability assessment boundaries) whereas the other based on process (i.e., covering gate-to-gate). A total of 65 experts was involved in the Delphi questionnaire designed with a nine-point rating scale to validate the importance level of each indicator in both frameworks. The expert opinion was combined using algorithm that considers similarities, differences among the experts and degree of importance assigned to the experts. The result indicates all identified indicators are important to evaluate the manufacturing performance towards sustainability because of their defuzzified values are greater than 0.5254 for process based framework and 0.6273 for products based framework, however, the importance level of each indicators varies. The findings of this study contribute to more inclusion of the indicators under the social dimension and also depict the role of ergonomic approach to the sustainable development. Furthermore, the industrial managers and practitioners may consider the indicators priority information obtained in this study to plan the resource accordingly to achieve sustainable process and products.

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