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研究生: 謝雅慧
Ya-Hui Hsieh
論文名稱: 探討線上概念構圖策略對學生合作創作的影響
Exploring the effects of online concept mapping strategy on students’ online collaborative creation
指導教授: 蔡今中
Chin-Chung Tsai
口試委員: 蔡孟蓉
Meng-Jung Tsai
李旻憲
Min-Hsien Lee
侯惠澤
Huei-Tse Hou
鄭琨鴻
Kun-Hung Cheng
許衷源
Chung-Yuan Hsu
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所
Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 135
中文關鍵詞: 概念構圖創意自我效能創意看法故事敘說合作創作
外文關鍵詞: concept mapping strategy, creative self-efficacy, conceptions of creativity, storytelling, collaborative creation
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  • 本研究旨在探討概念構圖策略對學生線上合作創作的影響。為此,本研究採用準實驗研究設計,進行為期八週,每週二小時的電影創作課程。此課程活動搭配數學課程進行,課程中,學生透過分組合作學習的方式共同創作隱含數學概念的電影腳本,並在腳本創作完成後將其拍成微電影。實驗組有69為學生,使用概念構圖策略共同創作故事腳本。控制組有54位學生,使用分鏡腳本共同創作故事腳本。腳本創作活動前,每位學生填答一份創意自我效能問卷與創意看法問卷,在創作腳本活動結束後,所有學生填答四份問卷,分別為創意自我效能問卷、創意認知投入問卷、心流問卷、數學學習自我效能問卷。此外,小組成員們便根據所創作的腳本著手微電影拍攝。最後,拍攝完成的作品將在課堂上進行分享與討論。課程結束後,針對26位來自實驗組與控制組的升學進行訪談,期望藉由訪談的方式來瞭解影響學生創意自我效能的原因。
    為了驗證概念構圖策略學生線上合作創作的影響,本研究從個人與團體兩個取向來討論。首先,在個人取向上,經由一連串量化分析後,本研究發現概念構圖策略可以有效提昇學生的創意自我效能、創意認知投入以及心流經驗。而在團體取向方面,除了發現概念構圖策略能夠幫助學生創作較具創意的作品外,在微電影作品得分較高的組別中,可以發現其傾向採用多種不同的投入策略,或在這類組別中,某種投入策略是經常被使用的。這樣的現象,更容易顯現在以概念構圖作為學習策略的組別。此外,在後續研究部份,雖然發現創意自我效能與創意的看法並無顯著相關存在,但本研究發現創意自我效能與創意認知投入、心流經驗都有正向相關。亦即,在此活動中,創意自我效能越高者,其更願意投入創作過程,並且能感受到較多的心流經驗。最後,本研究根據26位學生的訪談結果,定義出五個主要影響學生創意自我效能的因素,分別為過去的成就經驗、替代經驗、口語說服、生理和情緒狀態與個人內在的認同。透過這些研究發現,本研究將根據研究結果進行討論,並對教師教學與後續研究提出建議。


    The aim of this study was to confirm the effects of the concept mapping strategy on students’ online collaborative creation. A quasi-experimental design was conducted in a vocational senior high school in Northern Taiwan, including 123 students who were asked to collaboratively create story scripts and make micro-movies with embedded mathematics concepts. The students were divided into two conditions: 69 students in the experimental condition collaboratively created story scripts with the concept mapping strategy, while 54 students in the control condition collaboratively created story scripts with the script breakdown sheet strategy. Before the class, all students were asked to complete a pre-test questionnaire about creative self-efficacy and an open-ended questionnaire about their conceptions of creativity. After finishing the story scripts, all students were asked to complete four questionnaires: creative process engagement, flow experience, self-efficacy for learning mathematics, and creative self-efficacy. Then, each group filmed their micro-movies based on the script they had previously made. In addition, groups’ engagement behaviors in the collaborative creation process were collected and analyzed. The micro-movie of each group was presented at the end of the course, and scores were given by two researchers. After the course finished, a follow-up analysis involving 26 students from both conditions (21from experimental condition and 5 from control condition) was conducted to understand in more depth the sources of creative self-efficacy through interviews.
    To confirm the effect of the concept mapping strategy on collaborative creation, quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in terms of individual and group aspects. First, the findings of this study provide evidence that concept mapping is an effective learning strategy for collaborative creation. That is, in the individual aspect, this study found that the concept mapping strategy can improve students’ creative process engagement, flow experience and creative self-efficacy. In the group aspect, the experimental condition students’ scores for the creative aspect criteria were significantly higher than those of the students in the control condition. Besides, the groups which gained high scores for their micro-movies were observed to exhibit multiple engagement behaviors or a certain kind of frequently-appearing engagement behavior in the online collaborative creation process. This phenomenon was more apparent in the experimental condition than in the control condition.
    In the follow-up analysis, except for mathematics self-efficacy and conceptions of creativity, this study found interrelations among creative self-efficacy, creative process engagement, and flow experience in both conditions. This result may suggest that, the stronger creative self-efficacy students have, the more kinds of engagement behaviors and higher degree of flow experience that will occur. Finally, there are five sources of creative self-efficacy found in this study, namely: (1) mastery experience, (2) vicarious experience, (3) social persuasion, (4) psychological and affective state, and (5) personal identity. The sources of creative self-efficacy identified in this study may provide insights into students’ creative self-efficacy.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………... 1 I.1. Background of this study...………………………………………………...….. 1 I.2. Need for the study…………………………………………………………….. 3 I.2.1.Creativity cycle for lesson plans….………………………...…. ………. 3 I.2.2. Facilitating students’ creative thinking with the concept mapping strategy………...…………………………………………………………...….4 I.2.3. The benefits of the concept mapping strategy in creative learning……...6 I.2.4 Follow up analysis to explore the sources of students’ creative self-efficacy……………………………………………………………………8 I.3. Outline of this study………………………………………………………….... 9 I.4. Research questions………………………………………………………….....10 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………13 Ⅱ.1 Storytelling………………………………………………………………...13 Ⅱ.1.1 The characteristics of storytelling …………………………………13 Ⅱ.1.2 Educational applications of storytelling …………………………...14 Ⅱ.2 Concept mapping ………………………………………………………….18 Ⅱ.2.1 The characteristics of concept mapping …………………………...18 Ⅱ.2.2 Educational applications of concept mapping ……………………..19 Ⅱ.2.3 Embedded Concept mapping approach in storytelling to facilitate creative learning …………………………………………………………..21 Ⅱ.3 Determinants of conducting online collaborative creation in a storytelling course...........................................................................................................24 Ⅱ.3.1 Engagement in creative learning process ………………………….24 Ⅱ.3.2 The relation between storytelling embedded concept mapping and cognitive engagement…………………….………………………………..25 Ⅱ.3.3 Creative self-efficacy………………………………………………28 Ⅱ.4 Conceptions of Creativity …………………………………………………30 Ⅱ.4.1 Creativity in educational framework……………………………….30 Ⅱ.4.2 Related research on students’ conceptions of creativity……………32 Ⅱ.5 Summary ………………………………………………………………….35 CHPATER III: METHDOLOGY…………………………………… 38 III.1. Participants.………………………………………………………………… 38 III.2 The usage of strategy to facilitate students’ online collaborative creation in a storytelling course………….. ……………………….. ……………………..39 III.2.1 the usage of concept mapping strategy in experimental condition…...39 III.2.2 the usage of script breakdown sheet strategy in control condition…... 40 III.3 The platform “Facebook” for asynchronous classroom management………..41 III.4 Creately.com ……………………….. ……………………….. ……………..41 III.5 Research procedure……………………….. ……………………….. ………42 III.6 Data collection ……………………….. ……………………………………..45 III.6.1 Questionnaires……………………….. ……………………….. ………….45 III.6.1.1 Students' creative self-efficacy ……………………….. …………...45 III.6.1.2 Creative process engagement……………………….. ……………..46 III.6.1.3 Self-efficacy in learning mathematics………………………………47 III.6.2 open-ended questionnaire ……………………….. ………………………..48 III.6.3 Performance/products ……………………….. ……………………………48 III.6.4 Cognitive engagement of creative process…………………………………49 III.6.5 Interview ….…………….. ……………………….. ………………………50 III.7 Data Analyses ……………………….. ……………………….. ……………52 III.7.1 General analyses ……………………….. …………………………………52 III.7.1.1 Statistical analysis ……………………….. ………………………..52 III.7.1.2 The correlation analysis for the quantitative data ………………….52 III.7.2 Content analysis ……………………….. …………………………………53 III.7.2.1 Content analysis of interview data about students' creative self-efficacy ……………………….. ……………………….. …………...53 III.7.2.2 Content analysis of open-ended questionnaire ……………………..54 III.7.2.3 Content analysis of creative engagement behaviors ………………..54 CHPATER IV: RESULT…………………………………………….. 57 IV.1 Confirm the effects of concept mapping strategy from individual aspect..57 IV.1.1 Students’ responses to the four questionnaires……………………….57 IV.1.2 Period effect in creative self-efficacy…………………………………59 IV.1.3 The effects of concept mapping strategy ……………………………. 59 IV.1.3.1 Analysis the differences in creative self-efficacy between the two conditions……………………………………………………………………59 IV.1.3.2 Analysis the differences in creative process engagement, flow experience, and self-efficacy in learning mathematics between the two conditions. …………………………………………………………………..60 IV.1.3.3 A follow up interview for understanding the experimental condition students’ experience of using concept mapping strategy……………………61 IV.2 Confirm the effects of concept mapping strategy from group aspect……..62 IV.2.1 Analysis the differences in the outcomes of micro movies between the two conditions…………………………………………………………………...62 IV.2.2 The distributions of the engagement behaviors demonstrated by students.. …………………………………………………………………63 IV.3 A follow up analysis for deep understand creative self-efficacy…………..66 IV.3.1 The relationships between the creative self-efficacy, creative process engagement, flow experiences, and self-efficacy in learning mathematics…….66 IV.3.2 Students’ Conceptions of creativity……………………………………...69 IV.3.2.1 Dimensions of creativity in the conceptions held by students……....70 IV.3.2.2 The associations between creative self-efficacy and conceptions of creativity……………………………………………………………………...73 IV.4 The sources of creative self-efficacy………………………………………76 IV.4.1 Interpretations of mastery experiences…………………………………..77 IV.4.1.1 Prior experience……………………………………………………..77 IV.4.1.2 Successful creative work experience in the storytelling task of this study.. ………………………………………………………………………...78 IV.4.1.3 Practical experience of online collaborative creation process………80 IV.4.2 Interpretations of vicarious experience…………………………………..82 IV.4.2.1 Vicarious experience from peers……………………………………82 IV.4.2.2 Vicarious experience from performance accomplishment …………83 IV.4.3 Interpretations of social persuasions …………………………………….84 IV.4.3.1 Social persuasions from peers/friends ……………………………...84 IV.4.3.2 Social persuasions from teachers’ feedback………………………...86 IV.4.4 Psychological and affective state………………………………………...87 IV.4.5 Innate Identity……………………………………………………………88 IV.4.6 Brief summary of sources of creative self-efficacy……………………...89 IV.5 Summary of research findings in this study……………………………….90 IV.5.1 Confirm the effects of concept mapping strategy ………………………91 IV.5.2 Follow up analysis of the role of creative self-efficacy………………….92 CHPATER V: DISSCUSION………………………………………….95 V.1 The educational role of concept mapping strategy in online collaborative creation. …………………………………………………………………...95 V.1.1 Series quantitative examining individual’s self-reported data…………....95 V.1.2 A quantitative examining of groups’ creative performance………………98 V.1.3 A qualitative examining of groups’ engagement behaviors of online collaborative creation…………………………………………………………...99 V.2 The role of creative self-efficacy in online collaborative creation……..…101 V.3 Conceptions of creativity and the relationship with creative self efficacy..102 V.4 Sources of creative self-efficacy…………………………………………..103 CHPATER VI: CONCLUSIONS……………………………………106 VI.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………….106 VI.2 Future study………………………………………………………………107 REFERENCE……………...……………………………………….. 110 APPENDICES……………………………………………………….. 121 Appendix A: Creative self-efficacy……………………………………………121 Appendix B: Creative process engagement……………………………………122 Appendix C: Flow experience……………...………………………………….123 Appendix D: Self-efficacy in learning mathematics….……………………….124   LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Primary benefits related to the use of storytelling…………………………17 Table 2.2 Conceptions of creativity in different educational contexts……………….34 Table 3.1 Coding schema of Students’ cognitive engagement in creative process…..56 Table4.1 The descriptive statistics of the students’ responses to the four questionnaires……………………………………………………………………….. 58 Table 4.2 Comparisons of creative self-efficacy between pre-test and post-test…… 59 Table 4.3 Comparisons of creative self-efficacy between experimental and control conditions…………………………………………………………………………… 60 Table 4.4 Comparisons of creative process engagement, flow experiences, and self-efficacy in learning mathematics between experimental and control conditions..61 Table 4.5 Comparisons of the micro movies scores between two conditions………..63 Table 4.6 The frequency of engagement behaviors and scores of micro movie in Experimental condition………………………………………………………………64 Table 4.7 The frequency of engagement behaviors and scores of micro movie in control condition……………………………………………………………………..65 Table 4.8 Correlation analyses for the students’ responses to the four questionnaires in experimental condition…………………………………………………………….68 Table 4.9 Correlation analyses for the students’ responses to the four questionnaires in control condition…………………………………………………………..69 Table 4.10 Students’ conceptions of creativity ………………………………………73 Table 4.11 The associations among students’ creative self-efficacy and conceptions of creativity……………………………………………………………………...75 Table 4.12 Descriptions of the 26 interviewed students ……………………….…….76 Table 4.13 Overview of sources of creative self-efficacy……………………………90  LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Creativity cycle……………………………………………………………4 Figure 1.2 Overview of presented results………………………………………….....11 Figure 2.1 Research hypotheses for comparing two conditions …………………….37 Figure 3.1 example of creately.com………………………………………………….42 Figure 3.2 Research procedure in this study…………………………………………44

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