使用如碳陶瓷電極（CCE）之類的多孔材料電極，由於其獨特性質，如易於製造，高可調性和高表面積，近十年來已經有了很大的發展。多數研究著重在改變碳材、結構和用碳基電極來增加碳陶瓷電極中的導電網絡等等，但據我們所知，對CCE的改性表面性質的探討非常有限。

在本研究中，介紹了由溶膠凝膠法製備的改性碳複合電極。在第一階段，這項工作的目的是優化由溶膠凝膠法製備的碳陶瓷電極的參數。 在第二階段，評估了將電催化劑沉積在電極上的顯著應用性。

通過物理化學分析可發現通過調節前驅液组合可以容易地控制基材濕潤性及表面積。在水解和缩合過程中在表面形成的大量 Si-OH 官能基團是其親水性的主要原因。此外，親水碳陶瓷電極因為與電解液接觸完全所以電化學活性表面積比起疏水碳陶瓷電極來得大。並且親水碳陶瓷電極比疏水碳陶瓷電極具有較好的導電性及較低的電阻率，分別為 0.714 (Ω．cm)及 0.106 (Ω．cm)，這也造成電化學阻抗譜 (EIS) 中電解質傳導阻抗(Rs)有所差異。

為了證明改性 CCE 作為催化劑基材的潛在應用，將硫化鉬作為電催化劑加到 CCE 上並用作產氫反應（HER）的電極。最好的產氫表現為將硫化鉬沉積在親水碳陶瓷電極上，在-0.25 V vs. RHE 下電流密度達到 22 mAcm-2 且塔弗斜率為58 mV/dec。電催化劑也提供合理的穩定性，其活性超過六小時仍維持 70%。
總結上述所有發現，可以合理地推斷此易於製造和易於擴展的改性 CCE 在該工作中可以容易地用作平板，金屬塗覆電極，盤電極，棒狀電極，及微電極基板。

The construction of electrodes using porous materials such as carbon ceramic
electrodes (CCE), has seen a great development since the last decade owing to its
unique properties such as easy fabrication, high plasticity and high surface area.
Significant efforts have been paid to change carbon material、structure and carbon-
based electrodes used as conductive network in ceramic carbon electrodes, but study
on modification surface properties of CCE, to our best knowledge, is very limited.

In the present study, new sol-gel route for modifying carbon composite electrodes
introduced. The aim of this work was, in a first stage, to optimize parameters affecting both, the sol-gel process and the electrode preparation. In a second stage, the usefulness of developed electrodes applied to the deposition of electrocatalyst was also evaluated.

By thorough physicochemical analysis, it was found that by substrate wettability as well as surface area, can be easily controlled by tuning the precursor composition. Large number of surface Si-OH functional groups formed during the hydrolysis and condensation process were found to be the main reason for its hydrophilic property. In addition, the electrochemical active surface area of the hydrophilic carbon ceramic electrode is larger than the hydrophobic carbon ceramic electrode because the good contact of the hydrophilic carbon ceramic electrode with the electrolyte. Moreover, the hydrophilic carbon ceramic electrode has better conductivity and lower resistivity, which causes a lower electrolyte conduction resistance (Rs) value in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

For demonstration the potential application of modified CCE as catalyst supporter, molybdenum sulfide as a model electrocatalyst was loaded onto CCE and used as electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The best HER performanceis achieved for the MoSx deposited on hydrophilic CCE, which can reach a catalytic current density of 22 mAcm-2 (at -0.25 V vs. RHE) with Tafel slope value of 58 mV/dec. The catalyst offers reasonable stability in which activity was maintained approximately 70% for over 6 hours.

Considering all aboved findings, it is reasonable to conclude modified CCE obtained from easy-handle and scalable procedure in this work could be readily employed as substrate for flat plates, metal-coated electrodes, monolithic rods and disks, and even microelectrodes.

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