鋁材料具有一系列優良的物理、化學與力學性能。為滿足特定的使用要求，一般需透過表面處理工藝來解決鋁材的保護性、裝飾性和功能性三大面向的課題。其中，鋁陽極氧化處理的工藝成熟，操作簡便，已被廣泛應用。且其氧化膜硬度高、耐磨耗，耐腐蝕、絕緣性好，並且可著色，能顯著改變和提高鋁合金的外觀及使用性能。此外，為拓展此工藝的應用，其相關的理論研究與技術研發至今仍是持續不斷地進行。本研究首先以7003鋁合金陽極處理為例，探討電解液溫度、氧化時間、電壓與電流密度等參數對於氧化膜的影響以及工件尖端彎折處的氧化膜明顯開裂之改善情況。實驗結果顯示，越高的電解液溫度，氧化膜的硬度越低，且隨氧化時間增加，膜厚增加，導致膜的拉應力增大，造成開裂縫隙增大。另外，電壓越高，膜的孔隙率越低，導致膜硬度增加。最後透過降低陽極處理時的電流密度值，降低膜的生長速率，改善氧化膜的開裂情形。再來以多元醇法製備的銀奈米線溶液為標的，探討利用陽極氧化鋁模板(Anodic Aluminum Oxide, AAO)作為過濾膜以分離溶液中銀奈米線與銀顆粒的可行性。溶液中具有線徑32~52 nm的銀奈米線以及直徑90~400 nm的銀顆粒。因此，研究中製備孔徑約300~420 nm之AAO模板，並結合循環過濾系統進行物質的物理性分離。結果顯示，過濾後之溶液含有的銀顆粒數量明顯減少，且經UV-vis分析後可知其光吸收度下降，證實利用此循環過濾系統與AAO模板的結合，可有效分離具有尺寸差異的銀奈米線與銀顆粒。最後利用真空壓鑄法製程，結合100 nm管胞孔徑的AAO模板，成功製備鉛、鉍奈米線。本製程特色在於將材料加熱熔解後，直接注入AAO模板，凝固後即為一維奈米材料。之後基於擴散理論，提出奈米線之硫化機制與氧化機制，並說明溫度與時間造成的影響。結果顯示，將鉛/AAO與鉍/AAO之複合奈米線材各別以優化後的硫化參數（500 ℃持溫5小時）及氧化參數（300 ℃持溫7小時）進行熱處理，便可獲得硫化鉛/AAO與三氧化二鉍/AAO之複合奈米線材。最後將奈米線從AAO膜板中溶出，結合掃描式電子顯微鏡、X光繞射分析與成分分析驗證硫化鉛奈米線與三氧化二鉍奈米線的存在。

Aluminum materials have a series of excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In order to meet the specific requirements of use, surface treatments are generally needed to solve the three major problems of aluminum: protection, decoration, and functionality. Among the many treatments, aluminum anodizing has been widely used due to its technical maturity and easy operation. The aluminum oxide film is hard, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, insulating, and colorable. It can significantly change and improve the appearance and performance of aluminum alloy. In addition, related theoretical studies and technical research and development of aluminum anodizing have been continuously carried out so as to expand its scope of application. This study first uses the anodizing of 7003 aluminum alloy to discuss the effects that parameters such as electrolyte temperature, oxidation time, voltage, and current density, have on the oxide film, and the alleviation of the evident cracking of oxide film at a workpiece’s sharp edges. The experimental results show that the higher the electrolyte temperature, the lower the hardness of the oxide film, and the film thickness increases with the increase of oxidation time, leading to the increase of the tensile stress of the film and causing an expansion of the cracking gap. Furthermore, the higher the voltage, the lower the porosity of the film, which results in an increase in film hardness. Finally, by reducing the current density value during anodizing, the growth rate of the film was reduced, and the cracking of the oxide film was alleviated. Then, silver nanowire solution prepared by polyol method was used to investigate the feasibility of using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a membrane filter to separate silver nanowires and silver particles in the solution. The solution contains silver nanowires with a diameter of 32~52 nm and silver particles with a diameter of 90~400 nm. Therefore, AAO templates with pore diameters of 300~420 nm were prepared and combined with a circulating filtration system to physically separate materials. The results show that the number of silver particles in the filtered solution are significantly reduced, and UV-vis analysis indicates a decrease in light absorption of the filtered solution, confirming that the combination of the filtering system and the AAO template can effectively separate silver nanowires and silver particles, which are different in size. To conclude, lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi) nanowires were successfully fabricated with vacuum injection molding process (also known as vacuum die casting) and AAO templates with a pore size of 100 nm. The special feature of this process is that the material is directly injected into the AAO template after it has been heated and melted, and is an one-dimensional nanomaterial after solidification. The sulfidation and oxidation mechanism of nanowires is then proposed based on the diffusion theory, with the effect of temperature and time explained. The results show that lead sulfide (PbS) and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanowires can be obtained by heat treating the Pb/AAO and Bi/AAO composites with optimized sulfurization parameters (500 ℃ for 5 h) and oxidation parameters (300 ℃ for 7 h), respectively. Finally, the nanowires were released from the AAO templates, and the presence of PbS nanowires and Bi2O3 nanowires was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses.

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