本研究主要目的是分別發展與建立平板電腦評估模式(tablet PCs evaluation model)與電子書廠商經營模式(e-book business model)。首先本研究根據 Saaty (1996)提出之 BOCR 模式(benefits, opportunity, costs, and risks)與運用質化與量化準則(qualitative and quantitative criteria)，做為建構 Apple iPad與iPad-like平板電腦評估模式之研究架構。第二，本研究為電子書廠商，建構適當的經營模式(business model)。我們由五項主要構面，包含策略面(business strategy)、財務面(finance characteristics)、市場面(market characteristics)、品質衡量 (quality measurements of product and service) 及可行性評估 (implementation)，做為建構電子書廠商營運模式之研究架構，且以專家問卷的方式，經由運算後獲得各評估指標的權重值。第三，本研究經由相關的文獻回顧與相關領域的專家討論後，萃取出適合建立平板電腦與電子書評估模式之評估指標。接著，本研究利用決策實驗室分析法(decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)與模糊網路層級分析法(fuzzy analytic network process, FANP)，來分別建構平板電腦與電子書評估模式之主要構面彼此之間的相互影響關係與計算各評估指標之權重值。第四，我們使用折衷排序法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, VIKOR)、灰色關聯分析法(grey relational analysis, GRA)及理想解類似度順序偏好法(technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution, TOPSIS)加以排序，以獲得最佳的評估方案。此外，敏感度分析(sensitivity analysis)來檢視，當準則的權重改變時，對方案優先順序的影響。最後，我們希望本研究所建立的三種混合模糊多準則決策模式(hybrid fuzzy MCDM models)，可以有效的幫助平板電腦廠商的管理者，經由這三種評估模式能夠創造更有效率的績效評估系統。我們也希望本研究的分析結果，可以明確的提供給台灣電子書產業的廠商做為經營決策之參考依據。

The purpose of this study is to develop two evaluation models for tablet PC and e-book firms. First, this study evaluates the performance of tablet PCs such as the Apple iPad based on the conceptual framework of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) (Saaty, 1996) using qualitative and quantitative criteria. Second, this study builds an appropriate business model for e-book firms in Taiwan. We make use of expert questionnaires to calculate the importance weights for the evaluation indicators, which consist of five criteria, namely, business strategy (BS), finance characteristics (FC), market characteristics (MC), quality measurements of product and service (QS), and implementation (IM) to assess the capability of developing the firms’ business. Third, this study consults literature reviews and experts who have hands on experiences in tablet PC and the e-book-related industry to select adequate performance evaluation indices. Subsequently, the study utilises the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and fuzzy analytic network process (FANP), respectively, to establish the causality between the BOCR perspectives (in tablet PC) and five perspectives (including BS, FC, MC, QS, and IM in e-book) as well as the relative weights between evaluation indices. Fourth, we use VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), GRA (grey relational analysis), and TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution) to analyse the tablet PC evaluation model and e-book business model. Moreover, sensitivity analysis demonstrated that any variation in the criteria weights does not affect the outcome of the model. Finally, we hope that the three hybrid fuzzy MCDM models in this study are helpful to company managers of tablet PC firms and other decision makers for creating a more effective performance evaluation system. We also hope that this study will clarify several issues or clear the way for new research topics, which will help integrate the studies on the e-book industry.

Amiri, M., Zandieh, M., Soltani, R., and Vahdani, B. (2009). A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model for firms competence evaluation. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(10), 12314-12322.
Anton, J. (1996). Customer relationship management: Marking hard decisions with soft numbers. New York: Prentice-Hall.
Anto, J., and Hoeck, M. (2002). E-business customer service. Santa Monica: The Anton Press.
Anuradha, K. T., and Usha, H. S. (2006). Use of e-books in an academic and research environment－A case study from the Indian Institute of Science. Program: Electronic library and information systems, 40(1), 48-62.
Arbel, A., and Orgler, Y. E. (1990). An application of the AHP to bank strategic planning: The mergers and acquisitions. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 27-37.
Ardito, S. (2000). Electronic books: TO “E” or not to “E”, that is the question, Searcher, 8(4), 28-37.
Association of American Publishers (2012). Publishing industry has strong January revenue growth in print books and e-books for all audiences. Retrieved from http://www.publishers.org/press/62/
Ayağ, Z., and Ozdemir, R. G. (2009). A hybrid approach to concept selection through fuzzy analytic network process. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 56(1), 368-379.
Ayağ, Z., and Ozdemir, R. G. (2012). Evaluating machine tool alternatives through modified TOPSIS and alpha-cut based fuzzy ANP. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(2), 630-636.
Baležentis, A., Baležentis, T., and Misiunas, A. (2012). An integrated assessment of Lithuanian economic sectors based on financial ratios and fuzzy MCDM methods. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 34-53.
Birgelen, M. V., Ruyter, K. D., Jong, A. D., and Wetzels, M. (2002). Customer evaluations of after-sales service contact modes: An empirical analysis of national culture’s consequences. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19(1), 43-64.
Buckely, J. J. (1985). Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 17(3), 233-247.
Buyukozkan, G., Feyzioglu, O., and Cifci, G. (2011). Fuzzy multi-criteria evaluation of knowledge management tools. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 4(2), 184-195.
Buyukozkan, G., and Cifci, G. (2012). A novel hybrid MCDM approach based on fuzzy DEMATEL, fuzzy ANP and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate green suppliers. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 3000-3011.
Cebeci, U. (2009). Fuzzy AHP-based decision support system for selecting ERP systems in textile industry by using balanced scorecard. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(5), 8900-8909.
Chan, F. T. S., and Kumar, N. (2007). Global supplier development considering risk factors using fuzzy extended AHP-based approach. Omega, 35(4), 417-431.
Chan, S. L., Ip, W. H., and Cho, V. (2010). A model for predicting customer value from perspectives of product attractiveness and marketing strategy. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(2), 1207-1215.
Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 95(3), 649-655.
Chang, B., Chang, C. W., Wu, C. H. (2011). Fuzzy DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 1850-1858.
Chang, T. C., and Chuang, S. H. (2011). Performance implications of knowledge management processes: Examining the roles of infrastructure capability and business strategy. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(5), 6170-6178.
Chang, S. C., and Tsai, P. H. (2013). A hybrid financial performance evaluation model for wealth management banks following the global financial crisis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. In Press
Chen, Y. N. (2003). Applications and development of electronic books in an e-Gutenberg age. Online Information Review, 27(1), 8-16.
Chen, M. F., Tzeng, G. H., and Tang, T. I. (2005). Fuzzy MCDM approach for evaluation of expatriate assignments. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 4(2), 277-296.
Chen, C. H., and Shih, C. H. (2010). The status and trends of e-book publishing industry. Printing Science and Technology, 26, 48-77.
Chen, M. K., and Wang, S. C. (2010). The critical factors of success for information service industry in developing international market: Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), 694-704.
Chen, H. H., Lee, A. H. I., and Kang, H. Y. (2010a). A model for strategic selection of feeder management systems: A case study. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 32(5), 421-427.
Chen, H. S., Wang, P. W., Chen, C. M., and Lee, H. T. (2010b). An analytic hierarchy process approach with linguistic variables for selection of an R&D strategic alliance partner. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 58(2), 278-287.
Chen, Y. T., and Chou, T. Y. (2011). Applying GRA and QFD to improve library service quality. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 37(3), 237-245.
Chen, F. H., Hsu, T. S., and Tzeng, G. H. (2011). A balanced scorecard approach to establish a performance evaluation and relationship model for hot spring hotels based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 908-932.
Chen, J. K., and Chen, I. S. (2012). A network hierarchical feedback system for Taiwanese universities based on the integration of total quality management and innovation. Applied Soft Computing, 12(8), 2394-2408.
Cheng, C. C., Chen, C. T., Hsu, F. S., and Hu, H. Y. (2012). Enhancing service quality improvement strategies of fine-dining restaurants: New insights from integrating a two-phase decision-making model of IPGA and DEMATEL analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4), 1155-1166.
Chiang, P. E. (2007). E-book business model－A combination of the contents and hardwares. Taipei: Industrial Technology Research Institute.
Chou, W. C., and Cheng, Y. P. (2012). A hybrid fuzz MCDM approach for evaluating website quality of professional accounting firms. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 2783-2793.
Chou, Y., Lee, C., and Chung, J. (2004). Understanding M-commerce payment systems through the analytic hierarchy process. Journal of Business Research, 57(12), 1423-1430.
Chou, Y. C., Sun, C. C., and Yen, H. Y. (2012). Evaluating the criteria for human resource for science and technology (HRST) based on an integrated fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Applied Soft Computing, 12(1), 64-71.
Cook, W. D., and Hababou, M. (2001). Sales performance measurement in bank branches. Omega, 29(4), 299-307.
Dagdeviren, M. Yuksel, I., and Kurt, M. (2008). A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) model to identify faulty behavior risk (FBR) in work system. Safety Science, 46(5), 771-783.
Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of grey system. Systems and Control Letters, 1(5), 288-294.
Deng, H. (1999). Multi criteria analysis with fuzzy pair-wise comparison. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 21(3), 215-231.
Deng, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, K. K., and Zhang, J. (2010). Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical study of mobile instant messages in China. International Journal of Information Management, 30(4), 289-300.
Dey, S., Kumar, A., Ray, A., and Pradhan, B. B. (2012). Supplier selection: Integrated theory using DEMATEL and quality function deployment methodology. Procedia Engineering, 38, 2111-2116.
Dytczak, M., and Ginda, G. (2009). Identification of building repair policy choice criteria role. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 15(2), 213-228.
Ebrahimnejad, S., Mousavi, S. M., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Hashemi, H., and Vahdani, B. (2012). A novel two-phase group decision making approach for construction project selection in a fuzzy environment. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 36(9), 4197-4217.
Eroğmuş, Ş., Kapanoglu, M., and Koc, E. (2005). Evaluating high-tech alternatives by using analytic network process with BOCR and multiactors. Evaluation and Program Planning, 28(4), 391-399.
Flint, D. J., Blocker, C. P., and Boutin Jr., P. J. (2011). Customer value anticipation, customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical examination. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(2), 219-230.
Flurry Analytics. (2012). Amazon Lights the Android World on Fire.
http://blog.flurry.com/bid/81151/Amazon-Lights-the-Android-World-on-Fire
Fontela, E., and Gabus, A. (1976). The DEMATEL observer, DEMATEL 1976 Report, Switzerland, Geneva, Battelle Geneva Research Center.
Fouladgar, M. M., Yazdani-Chamzini, A., Zavadskas, E. K., and Haji Moini, S. H. (2012). A new hybrid model for evaluating the working strategies: Case study of construction company. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 164-188.
Fu, H. P., Chu, K. K., Chao, P., Lee, H. H., and Liao, Y. C. (2011). Using fuzzy AHP and VIKOR for benchmarking analysis in the hotel industry. Service Industries Journal, 31(14), 2373-2389.
Gabus, A., and Fontela, E. (1973). Perceptions of the World Problematique: Communication Procedure, Communicating with Those Bearing Collective Responsibility, DEMATEL Report No. 1. Battelle Geneva Research Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
Gaiardelli, P., Saccani, N., and Songini, L. (2007). Performance measurement of the after-sales service network－Evidence from the automotive industry. Computers in Industry, 58(7), 698-708.
Garther (2012). http://www.gartner.com/technolgoy/home.jsp
Ghassemi, S. A., and Danesh, S. (2013). A hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach for desalination process selection. Desalination, 313, 44-50.
Gray, J. V., Roth, A. V., and Leiblein, M. J. (2011). Quality risk in offshore manufacturing: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Operations Management, 29(7), 737-752.
Ginevičius, R., Krivka, A., and Šimkūnaite, J. (2010). The model of forming competitive strategy of an enterprise under the conditions of oligopolic market. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(3), 367-395.
Gumus, A. T. (2009). Evaluation of hazardous waste transportation firms by using a two step fuzzy-AHP and TOPSIS methodology. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 4067-4074.
Hartnett, E., and Price, A. (2011). iPotential: Mobile electronic resourece management on an iPad. Library Collections. Acquisitions, & Technical Services, 35(4), 118-128.
Heo, E., Kim, J., and Cho, S. (2012). Selecting hydrogen production methods using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with opportunities, costs, and risks. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37(23), 17655-17662.
Herrera, F., and Herrera-Viedma, E. (2000). Linguistic decision analysis: Steps for solving decision problems under linguistic information. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 115(1), 67-82.
HIS Screen Digest research; Kent, J. (2011). Revenue for Major Mobile App Stores to Rise 77.7 Percent in 2011, Retrieved from http://isuppli.com
Ho, S. Y. (2009). The development trend of e-reader by digital content. Taipei: Industrial Technology Research Institute.
Hosseini, S. M. S., Maleki, A., and Gholamian, M. R. (2010). Cluster analysis using data mining approach to develop CRM methodology to assess the customer loyalty. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(7), 5259-5264.
Hsu, C. H., Wang, F. K., and Tzeng, G. H. (2012). The best vendor selection for conducting the recycled material based on a hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR. Resource, Conservation and Recycling, 66, 95-111.
Hua, G., Cheng, T. C. E., and Wang, S. Y. (2011). Electronic books: To “E” or not to “E”? A strategic analysis of distribution channel choices of publishers. International Journal of Production Economics, 129(2), 338-346.
Huang, J. J., Tzeng, G. H., and Ong, C. S. (2005). Multidimensional data in multidimensional scaling using the analytic network process. Pattern Recognition Letters, 26(6), 755-767.
Hwang, C. L., and Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple attributes decision making methods and applications. Berlin: Springer.
IDC (2013). http://www.idc.com/
iSuppli (2013). http://www.isuppli.com/Pages/Home.aspx
Jadhav, A. S., and Sonar, R. M. (2009). Evaluating and selecting software packages: A review. Information and Software Technology, 51(3), 555-563.
Jadhav, A. S., and Sonar, R. M. (2011). Framework for evaluation and selection of the software packages: A hybrid knowledge based system approach. Journal of Systems and Software, 84(8), 1394-1407.
Javalgi, R. G., Armacost, R. L., Hosseini, J. C. (1989). Using the analytic hierarchy process for the bank management: Analysis of consumer bank selection decisions. Journal of Business Research, 19(1), 33-49.
Jassbi, J., Mohamadnejad, F., and Nasrollahzadeh, H. (2011). A fuzzy DEMATEL framework for modeling cause and effect relationships of strategy map. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(5), 5967-5973.
Jung, U., and Seo, D. W. (2010). An ANP approach for R&D project evaluation based on interdependences between research objective and evaluation criteria. Decision Support Systems, 49(3), 335-342.
Kahraman, C., Ruan, D., and Dogan, Y. (2003). Fuzzy group decision-making for facility location selection. Information Sciences, 157, 135-153.
Kannan, G., Pokharel, S., and Kumar, P. S. (2009). A hybrid approach using ISM and fuzzy TOPSIS for the selection of reverse logistics provider. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(1), 28-36.
Kim, K. H., Jeon, B. J., Jung, H. S., Lu, W., and Jones, J. (2011). Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing, strategy, and corporate image. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1207-1211.
Korhonen, P., and Voutilaninen, R. (2006). Finding the most preferred alliance structure between banks and insurance companies. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(2), 1285-1299.
Kuo, M. S., Wu, J. W., and Pei, L. (2007). A soft computing method for selecting evaluation criteria of service quality. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 189(1), 241-254.
Kuo, M. S., and Liang, G. S. (2011). Combining VIKOR with GRA techniques to evaluate service quality of airports under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 1304-1312.
Lee, J. W., and Kim, S. H. (2000). Using analytic network process and goal programming for interdependent information system project selection. Computers & Operations Research, 27(4), 367-382.
Lee, Y., and Kozar, K. A. (2006). Investigating the effect of website quality on e-business success: An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Decision Support Systems, 42(3), 1383-1401.
Lee, A. H. I., Chang, H. J., and Lin, C. Y. (2009). An evaluation model of buyer-supplier relationships in high-tech industry－The case of an electronic components manufacturer in Taiwan. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 57(4), 1417-1430.
Lee, H., Kim, C., and Park, Y. (2010). Evaluation and management of new service concepts: An ANP-based portfolio approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 58(4), 535-543.
Lee, S. K., Mogi, G., Lee, S. K., and Kim, J. W. (2011a). Prioritizing the weights of hydrogen energy technologies in the sector of the hydrogen economy by using a fuzzy AHP approach. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(2), 1897-1902.
Lee, A. H. I., Chen, H. H., and Kang, H. Y. (2011b). A model to analyze strategic products for photovoltaic silicon thin-film solar cell power industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(2), 1271-1283.
Lee, C. Y., Lee, H. Y., Seol, H. N., and Park, Y. T. (2011c). Evaluation of new service concepts using rough set theory and group analytic hierarchy process. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 3404-3412.
Leung, L. C., and Cao, D. (2000). On consistency and ranking of alternatives in fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 124(1), 102-113.
Li, Y., and Liao, X. (2007). Decision support for risk analysis on dynamic alliance. Decision Support Systems, 42(4), 2043-2059.
Liang, C., and Li, Q. (2008). Enterprise information system project selection with regard to BOCR. International Journal of Project Management, 26(8), 810-820.
Lin, H. Y., Hsu, P. Y., and Sheen, G. J. (2007). A fuzzy-based decision-making procedure for data warehouse system selection. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(3), 939-953.
Lin, H. F. (2010a). An application of fuzzy AHP for evaluating course website quality. Computers & Education, 54(4), 877-888.
Lin, C. L., Chen, C. W., and Tzeng, G. H. (2010b). Planning the development strategy for the mobile communication package based on consumers’ choice preferences. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(7), 4749-4760.
Lin, Y. T., Yang, Y. H., Kang, J. S., and Yu, H. C. (2011). Using DEMATEL method to explore the core competences and causal effect of the IC design service company: An empirical case study. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(5), 6262-6268.
Lin, L. Z., Huang, L. C., and Yeh, H. R. (2012). Fuzzy group decision-making for service innovations in quality function deployment. Group Decision and Negotiation, 21(4), 495-517.
Liou, J. J. H., Tzeng, G. H., Tsai, C. Y., and Hsu, C. C. (2011). A hybrid ANP model in fuzzy environments for strategic alliance partner selection in the airline industry. Applied Soft Computing, 11(4), 3515-3524.
Liou, J. J. H., and Tzeng, G. H. (2012). Comments on “multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in economics: An overview”. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(4), 672-695.
Liu, J. W., Cheng, C. H., Chen, Y. H., and Chen, T. L. (2010). OWA rough set model for forecasting the revenues growth rate of the electronic industry. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), 610-617.
Liu, H. T., and Tsai, Y. L. (2012). A fuzzy risk assessment approach for occupational hazards in the construction industry. Safety Science, 50(4), 1067-1078.
Macharis, C., Springael, J., Brucker, K. D., and Verbeke, A. (2004). PROMETHEE and AHP: The design of operational synergies in multicriteria analysis: Strengthening Promethee with ideas of AHP. European Journal of Operational Research, 153(2), 307-317.
Malathi, L., and Rohani A. T. (2010). Utilization of e-book among university mathematics students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 580-587.
Markarian, G. Pozza, L., and Prencipe, A. (2008). Capitalization of R&D costs and earnings management: Evidence from Italian listed companies. The International Journal of Accounting, 43(3), 246-267.
Meade, L. M., and Sarkis, J. (1999). Analyzing organizational project alternatives for agile manufacturing processes-An analytical network approach. International Journal of Production Research, 37(2), 241-261.
Menor, L. M., Tatikonda, M. V., and Sampson, S. E. (2002). New service development: Areas for exploitation and exploration. Journal of Operations Management, 20(2), 135-157.
Mikhailov, L. (2004). A fuzzy approach to deriving priorities from interval pair-wise comparison judgments. European Journal of Operational Research, 159(3), 687-704.
Moon, J., Chadee, D., and Tikoo, S. (2008). Culture, product type, and price influences on consumer purchase intention to buy personalized products online. Journal of Business Research, 61(1), 31-39.
Morgan Stanley (2011). Tablet demand and disruption: Mobile users come of age.
Morineau, T., Blanche, C., Tobin, L., and Gueguen, N. (2005). The emergence of the contextual role of the e-book in cognitive processes through an ecological and functional analysis. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 62(3), 329-348.
Noorthidawati, A., and Gibb, F. (2008). Students’ attitudes towards e-books in a Scottish higher education institute: Part I. Library Review, 57(8), 593-605.
Opricovic, S. (1998). Multicriteria optimization of civil engineering systems: Faculty of civil engineering. Belgrade.
Opricovic, S., and Tzeng, G. H. (2004). Compromise solution by MCDM methods: A comparative analysis of VIKOR and TOPSIS. European Journal of Operational Research, 156(2), 445-455.
Opricovic, S. (2011). Fuzzy VIKOR with an application to water resources planning. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(10), 12983-12990.
Peng, Y., Kou, G., Wang, G., and Shi, Y. (2011). FAMCDM: A fusion approach of MCDM methods to rank multiclass classification algorithms. Omega, 39(6), 677-689.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: The Free Press.
Ramaiah, C. K. (2005). An overview of electronic books: A bibliography. The Electronic Library, 23(1), 17-44.
Ramanathan, R. (2010). The moderating roles of risk and efficiency on the relationship between logistics performance and customer loyalty in e-commerce. Transportation Research Part E, 46(6), 950-962.
Rao, S. S. (2003). Electronic book: A review and evaluation. Library Hi Tech, 21(1), 85-93.
Rao, S. S. (2004). Electronic book technologies: Ann overview of the present situation. Library Review, 53(7), 363-371.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw Hill Publications.
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 9-26.
Saaty, T. L. (1996). Decision making with dependence and feedback: The analytic network process. RWS Publications Pittsburgh.
Saaty, T. L. (1999). Fundamentals of the analytic network process. Kobe, Japan: ISAHP.
Saaty, T. L., and Ozdemir, M. (2003). Negative priorities in the analytic hierarchy process. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 37(9), 1063-1075.
Sarkis, J. (2003). Quantitative models for performance measurement systems-alternate considerations. International Journal of Production Economics, 86(1), 81-90.
Saurie, M., and Kaushik, S. (2001). Electronic publishing. New Delhi: Pentagon Press.
Sevkli, M., Oztekin, A., Uysal, O., Torlak, G., Turkyilmaz, A., and Delen D. (2012). Development of a fuzzy ANP based SWOT analysis for the airline industry in Turkey. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 14-24.
Secme, N. Y., Bayrakdaroğlu, A., and Kahraman, C. (2009). Fuzzy performance evaluation in Turkish banking sector using analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(9), 11699-11709.
Shieh, J. I., Wu, H. H., and Huang, K. K. (2010). A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems, 23(3), 277-282.
Shiue, Y. C., and Lin, C. Y. (2012). Applying analytic network process to evaluate the optimal recycling strategy in upstream of solar energy industry. Energy and Buildings, 54, 266-277.
Sipahi, S., and Timor, M. (2010). The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: An overview of applications. Management Decision, 48(5), 775-808.
Stankevičienė, J., and Mencaitė, E. (2012). The evaluation of bank performance using a multicriteria decision making model: A case study on Lithuanian commercial banks. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 189-205.
Tsai, W. H., Hsu, W., and Lin, T. W. (2011). New financial service development for banks in Taiwan base on customer needs and expectations. Service Industries Journal, 31(2), 215-236.
Tsai, P. H., and Chang, S. C. (2013). Comparing the Apple iPad and non-Apple camp tablet PCs: A multicriteria decision analysis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. In Press
Tsaur, R. C. (2011). Decision risk analysis for an interval TOPSIS method. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218(8), 4295-4304.
Tung, S. L., and Tang, S. L. (1998). A comparison of the Saaty’s AHP and modified AHP for right and left eigenvector inconsistency. European Journal of Operational Research, 106(1), 123-128.
Tzeng, G. H., Teng, M. H., Chen, J. J., and Opricovic, S. (2002). Multicriteria selection for a restaurant location in Taipei. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21(2), 171-187.
Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H., and Li, C. W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 1028-1044.
Vassiliou, M., and Rowley, J. (2008). Progressing the definition of “e-book”. Library Hi Tech, 26(3), 355-368.
Voss, C., Johnston, R., Silvestro, R., Fitzgerald, L., and Brignall, T. (1992). Measurement of innovation and design performance in services. Design Management Journal, 3(1), 40-46.
Wang, W. J., Cheng, C. H., and Huang, K. C. (2009). Fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS for supplier selection. Applied Soft Computing, 9(1), 377-386.
Wang, C. H., Lu, I. Y., and Chen, C. B. (2010). Integrating hierarchical balanced scorecard with non-additive fuzzy integral for evaluating high technology firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 128(1), 413-426.
Wang, Y. L., and Tzeng, G. H. (2012). Brand marketing for creating brand value based on MCDM model combining DEMATEL with ANP and VIKOR methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(5), 5600-5615.
Wijnmalen, D. J. D. (2007). Analysis of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) with the AHP－ANP: A critical validation. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 46(7), 892-905.
Wu, W. W. (2008). Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 35(3), 828-835.
Wu, C. R., Lin, C. T., and Tsai, P. H. (2009). Analysing alternatives in financial services for wealth management banks: The analytic network process and the balanced scorecard. IMA Journal of Management Mathematics, 20(3), 303-321.
Wu, C. R., Lin, C. T., and Tsai, P. H. (2010). Evaluating business performance of wealth management banks. European Journal of Operational Research, 207(2), 971-979.
Wu, H. Y., Lin, Y. K., and Chang, C. H. (2011). Performance evaluation of extension education centers in universities based on the balanced scorecard. Evaluation and Program Planning, 34(1), 37-50.
Wu, W. W. (2012). Segmenting critical factors for successful knowledge management implementation using fuzzy DEMATEL method. Applied Soft Computing, 12(1), 527-535.
Yalcin, N., Bayrakdaroglu, A., and Kahraman, C. (2012). Application of fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methods for financial performance evaluation of Turkish manufacturing industries. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(1), 350-364.
Yang, H. W., and Chang, K. F. (2012). Combining means-end chain and fuzzy ANP to explore customers’ decision process in selecting bundies. International Journal of Information Management, 32(4), 381-395.
Yeh, C. C. (2010). E-book business model analysis. Taipei: Industrial Technology Research Institute.
Yeh, C. C. (2011). The analysis of e-reader and digital publishing industry between Taiwan and China. Taipei: Industrial Technology Research Institute.
Yuksel, İ., and Dağdeviren, M. (2010). Using the fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) for Balanced Scorecard (BSC): A case study for a manufacturing firm. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(2), 1270-1278.
Yurdakul, M., and Tansel İc, Y. (2004). AHP approach in the credit evaluation of the manufacturing firms in Turkey. International Journal of Production Economics, 88(3), 269-289.
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8(3), 338-353.
Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Parts 1-3. Information Sciences, 8(3), 199-249, 301-357; 9(1), 43-80.
Zahda, S. A. A. (2007). Electronic books: Fad or future? International Conference on Libraries, Information and Society, 249-256.
Zavadskas, E. K., and Kaklauskas, A. (1996). Determination of an efficient contractor by using the new method of multicriteria assessment, in Langford, D. A.; Retik, A. (Eds.). International Symposium for “The Organisation and Management of Construction”. Shaping Theory and Practice. Vol. 2. Managing the Construction Project and Managing Risk. CIB W65. London, Weinheim, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras. London: E and FN SPON, 94-104.
Zavadaskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Tamosaitiene, J., and Marina, V. (2008). Multicriteria selection of project managers by applying grey criteria. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 14(4), 462-477.
Zavadskas, E. K., and Turskis, Z. (2011). Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods in economics: An overview. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(2), 397-427.
Zhang, Y. J., Fan, J. L., and Chang, H. R. (2011). Impact of China’s stock market development on energy consumption: An empirical analysis. Energy Procedia, 5, 1927-1931.
Zhu, Xiaoqian, Wang, F., Liang, C., Li, J., and Sun, X. (2012). Quality credit evaluation based on TOPSIS: Evidence from air-conditioning market in China. Procedia Computer Science, 9, 1256-1262.
Zimmermann, H. J. (1991). Fuzzy set theory and its applications. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Zivkovic, D. (2008). The electronic book: Evolution or revolution? Bilgi Dunyasl, 9(1), 1-19.
Zolfani, S. H., Sedaghat, M., and Zavadskas, E. K. (2012). Performance evaluation of rural ICT centers (TELECENTERS), applying fuzzy AHP, SAW-G and TOPSIS Grey, A case study in Iran. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(2), 364-387.