簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳念村
Nientsun - Wu
論文名稱: 讀者劇場對國中生英文閱讀動機及閱讀焦慮之影響
The Effect of Readers Theater on EFL Students’Reading Motivation and Reading Anxiety
指導教授: 田曉萍
Shiauping Tian
口試委員: 鄧慧君
Hueichun Teng
許慧珍
Huichen Hsu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 人文社會學院 - 應用外語系
Department of Applied Foreign Languages
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 130
中文關鍵詞: 讀者劇場閱讀動機閱讀焦慮
外文關鍵詞: Readers Theater, reading motivation, reading anxiety
相關次數: 點閱:423下載:3
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究係以讀者劇場教學活動對國中學生英文學習之影響為題,探討學生英文閱讀動機及閱讀焦慮感之變化,瞭解學生對此活動的感想,以及此教學方式之可行性,以為未來教學研究之參考。
    本研究以台北市某國中的兩班共七十一位七年級學生為對象,一班為實驗組,一班為控制組,另實驗組又區分為高成就及低成就。兩班學生皆閱讀所指定的相同故事。實驗組依據研究者改編的劇本以讀者劇場的方式呈現,控制組則由學生們自己默讀原文之後寫故事摘要。整個計畫為期十六週,在教學活動前及結束之後,兩組學生均填寫英文閱讀動機調查表及英文閱讀焦慮量表的前、後測問卷,實驗組並在教學活動結束後另填寫讀者劇場心得問卷。
    研究結果顯示,實驗組及控制組的學生在前、後測的表現,雖然平均分數顯示實驗組的閱讀動機提升較控制組多,閱讀焦慮感比控制組降低較多,但獨立樣本t檢定上,二組的閱讀動機和閱讀焦慮感並無顯著差異。至於實驗組的高成就及低成就的學生,在前、後測的表現,雖然平均分數顯示高成就組的閱讀動機提升較低成就組多,閱讀焦慮感比低成就組降低較多,但獨立樣本t檢定上,二組的閱讀動機和閱讀焦慮感也無顯著差異。然而根據學生心得問卷,讀者劇場能提高國中學生的學習興趣、英文閱讀動機,並有助單字學習、和增進閱讀流暢以及降低英文閱讀焦慮感。


    This study aims to investigate the effects of Readers Theater on EFL students’ reading motivation and reading anxiety. Students’ perceptions toward RT were also examined. This study looked at ways in which teachers can incorporate RT activities into the curriculum.
    The participants were seventy-one seventh graders from two intact classes in a junior high school in Taipei city. They were assigned to two treatment groups. The two groups read the same stories; however, the experimental group presented the scripts adapted from the stories in RT and the control group read the original texts and wrote summaries. Pre and post Reading Survey (RS) and Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) were collected from two groups within sixteen weeks. After RT treatment, the experimental group was required to fill out a reflection questionnaire.
    Although findings of this study indicated that the students’ reading motivation by mean scores were enhanced and many students experienced a lower level of reading anxiety through RT activities according to mean scores, the t-test scores showed no significant differences of reading motivation and reading anxiety between experimental group and control group. High achievers and low achievers of experimental group also had the same results of no significant differences.
    However, students’ perceptions toward English reading suggested that RT can be integrated into a broader curriculum to provide a stress-reduced environment for EFL students to promote English reading motivation, vocabulary learning and reading fluency. Finally, pedagogical implications for the use of RT in EFL classroom and practical suggestions for future research concerning using RT were also presented.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS iv CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Purposes and Research Questions 3 1.3 Significance of the Study 3 1.4 Definitions of the Terms 4 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Overview of Readers Theater 7 2.1.1 Characteristics of Readers Theater 7 2.1.2 Benefits of Readers Theater 10 2.1.3 Implementation of Readers Theater 13 2.2 Readers Theater and Reading Fluency 18 2.2.1 Definitions of Reading Fluency 18 2.2.2 Importance of Reading Fluency 19 2.2.3 Research on Readers Theater and Fluency 21 2.3 Readers Theater and Reading Motivation 24 2.3.1 Reading Motivation 24 2.3.2 Research on Readers Theater and Motivation 28 2.4 Readers Theater and Reading Anxiety 32 2.4.1 Foreign Language Anxiety 33 2.4.2 Foreign Language Reading Anxiety 34 2.4.3 Research on Readers Theater and FL Classroom Anxiety 38 CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHOD 41 3.1 The Pilot Study 41 3.1.1 Participants 41 3.1.2 Procedure 42 3.1.3 Data Collection Procedure 43 3.1.4 Results 44 3.1.5 Limitations 45 3.2 The Present Study 45 3.2.1 Study Design 46 3.2.2 Participants 47 3.2.3 Materials 48 3.2.4 Intervention 50 3.2.5 Instructional Procedures for Experimental Group 51 3.2.6 Instructional Procedures for Control Group 56 3.2.7 Instruments 57 3.2.8 Data Collection 60 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 62 4.1 Participants’ Reading Motivation Levels 62 4.2 Participants’ Reading Anxiety Levels 69 4.3 Comparison of High Achievers and Low Achievers 76 4.4 Participants’ Reflection to RT 89 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS 93 5.1 Summary of the Findings 93 5.2 Pedagogical Implications 97 5.3 Limitations of the Study 100 5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 101 REFERENCES 103 APPENDIX 1 Reader’s Theater Assessment Rating Scale (Chinese) 120 APPENDIX 2 Reader’s Theater Assessment Rating Scale (English) 121 APPENDIX 3 Motivation to Read Profile- Reading Survey (Chinese) 122 APPENDIX 4 Motivation to Read Profile -Reading Survey (English) 123 APPENDIX 5 Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (Chinese) 124 APPENDIX 6 Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (English) 125 APPENDIX 7 Students’ Reflections to Readers Theater (Chinese) 126 APPENDIX 8 Students’ Reflections to Readers Theater (English) 127 APPENDIX 9 A Sample of RT Script 128 APPENDIX 10 The Original Text 129

    REFERENCES
    Adams, T., Farris, W., Patterson, R., Santiago, C., & Secrist, J. (2007). The effect of Reader's Theater on the comprehension and fluency of Spanish language learners whose first language is English- A short case study in the San Bernardino city unified school district. California State University, San Bernardino.
    Adams, W. (2003). Institute book of readers theater: A practical guide for school, theater & community. Chapel Hill, NC: Professional Press.
    Agrinsoni, E. M. (2006). Engaging all readers: Motivating reluctant readers. College of William and Mary. Williamsburg, VA.
    Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope's construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78(2), 155-168.
    Allington, R. (1983). Fluency: The neglected reading goal. The Reading Teacher, 36(6), 556-561.
    Ames, C., & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 260-67.
    Armbruster, B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2001). Put reading first: The building blocks for teaching children to read. Jessup, MD: National Institute for Literacy.
    Biancarosa, G., and & Snow, C. E. (2004). Reading Next-A Vision for action and research in middle and high school literacy: A report to Carnegie Corporation of New Work. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education.
    Bidwell, S. M. (1990). Using drama to increase motivation, comprehension, and fluency. Journal of Reading, 34, 38-41.
    Black, A., & Stave, A. M. (2007). A comprehensive guide to Readers Theatre: Enhancing fluency and comprehension in middle school and beyond. The International Reading Association.
    Blevins, W. (2001). Teaching phonics and word study in the intermediate grades: A complete sourcebook. NY: Scholastic.
    Blum, I. H., & Koskinen, P. S. (1991). Repeated reading: A strategy for enhancing fluency and fostering expertise. Theory into Practice, 30(3), 195-200.
    Busching, B. A. (1981). Readers Theatre: An education for language and life. Language Arts, 58, 330-338.
    Campbell, C. M. & Shaw, V. M. (1994). Language anxiety and gender differences in adult second language learners: Exploring the relationship. In C. A. Klee (Ed.), Faces in a crowd: The individual learner in multisection courses (pp.215-243). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
    Campbell, C. M. (1999). Language anxiety in men and women: Dealing with gender difference in the language classroom. In D. J. Young (Ed.), Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere (pp.191-215). Boston: McGraw Hill.
    Carnevale, A. P., & Desrochers, D. M. (2001). Help wanted...credentials required: Community colleges in the knowledge economy. Princeton, NJ: Educational Test Service.
    Carrick, L. (2001). Internet resources for conducting Readers Theatre. Reading Online, 5(1). Retrieved August 20, 2008, from http://www.readingonline.org/electronic/ carrick/
    Carrubba, C. (2006). Round Robin Reading: Is there justification for its use or are there better alternatives available for oral reading instruction? Curriculum and Instruction Masters Research Projects. The college of William and Mary.
    Casey, S., & Chamberlain, R. (2006). Bringing reading alive through Readers' Theater. Illinois Reading Council Journal, 34(4), 17-25.
    Chang, Y. F. (2008).The effects of Readers' Theatre on fourth graders' foreign language anxiety and oral reading fluency. Unpublished master thesis. Providence University. Taichung, Taiwan.
    Chen, C. F. (2001). The relationship between English learning experience, English anxiety and English comprehension ability of the junior high school students. Unpublished Master thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Chen, H. (2002). College students' English learning anxiety and their coping styles. Unpublished master thesis. Southwest Normal University, China.
    Chen, J. H. (2006). A study of oral reading fluency and motivation for reading :The implementation of Readers Theater in an elementary English class. Unpublished master thesis. Chung Cheng University. Chiayi, Taiwan.
    Cheng, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49(3), 417-446.
    Chiu,Y. H. (2002). Cooperative learning in one junior high school English classroom: An action research. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Chomsky, C. (1976). After decoding: What? Language Arts, 53(3), 288-296.
    Clark, R. (2006). Readers Theater: A key to fluency development. Unpublished master thesis. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
    Collie, J., & Slater, S. (1987). Literature in the language classroom. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
    Corcoran, C. A. & Davis, A. D. (2005). A study of the effects of Readers' Theater on second and third grade special education students' fluency growth. Reading Improvement, 42(2), 105-111.
    Cox, D. (2007). Oral reading performance and the synergy of fluency, comprehension, and motivation: A case study of a sixth grade class. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University, MA.
    Dahl, P. R., & Samuels, S. J. (1974). A mastery based experimentalal program for teaching poor readers high speed word recognition skills. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
    Day, R. R., & Bamford, J. (1998). Extensive reading in the second language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
    Dowhower, S. L. (1987) Effect of repeated reading on second grade transitional readers' fluency and comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 22(4), 389-406.
    Dowhower, S. L. (1991). Speaking of prosody: Fluency's unattended bedfellow. Theory into Practice, 30, 158-164.
    Edmunds, K. & Bauserman, K. (2006). What teachers can learn about reading motivation through conversations with children. The Reading Teacher, 59(5), 414-424.
    Eldredge, J. L. (1990). An experimental using a group assisted repeated reading strategy with poor readers. Unpublished manuscript, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
    Fein, M. (1991). Framing dropouts: Notes on the politics of an urban public high school. Albany: State University of New York Press.
    Fink, R. (2008). High-interest reading leaves no child behind. In R. Fink & S. J. Samuels (Eds.), Inspiring Reading Success: Interest and Motivation in an Age of High-Stakes Testing (pp.19-61). The International Reading Association.
    Fink, R. P. (2006). Why Jane and John couldn't read-And how they learned: A new look at striving readers. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    Fink, R. P. (2007). What successful adults with dyslexia teach educators about children. In K.W. Fischer, J.H. Bernstein, & M.H. Immordino-Yang (Eds.), Mind, brain, and education in reading disorders (pp. 264-281). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Fischer, K.W., & Fusaro, M. (1990). Using student interests to motivate learning. In R. Fink., & S. J. Samules. (Eds.), Inspiring reading success (pp. 62-74). International Reading Association.
    Flippo, R. F. (2003). Qualitative diagnosis and instruction. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    Flood, J., Lapp, D., Flood, S., & Nagel, G. (1992). Am I allowed to group? Using flexible patterns for effective instruction. Reading Teacher, 45, 608-615.
    Flynn, R. M. (2004). Curriculum-based Readers Theatre: Setting the stage for reading and retention. The Reading Teacher, 58(4), 360-365.
    Fountas, I. C., & Pinnell, G. S. (2001). Guiding readers and writers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    Gambrell, L. B., & Palmer, B. M., & Codling, R. M., & Mazzoni, S. A. (1996). Assessing motivation to read. The Reading Teachers, 49(7), 518-533.
    Ganschow, L., Sparks, R. L., Anderson, R., Javorshy, J., Skinner, S., & Patton, J. (1994). Differences in language performance among high-, average-, and low-anxious college foreign language learners. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1). 41-55.
    Goodson, F. T., & Goodson, L. A. (2005).You oughta use the periods and stuff to slow down: Reading fluency through oral interpretation of YA lit. Voices from the Middle, 13(2), 24-29.
    Griffith, L. W. & Rasinski, T. V. (2004). A focus on fluency: How one teacher incorporated fluency with her reading curriculum. The Reading Teacher, 58(2), 126-137.
    Guthrie, J. T., & Wigfield, A. (1997). Reading for engagement: Motivating readers through integrated instruction. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    Guthrie, J. T., & Wigfield, A. (2000). Engagement and motivation in reading. In M. L. Kamil, P. B. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds.), Handbook of reading research: Volume III (pp. 403-422). New York: Erlbaum.
    Harris, T. L., & Hodges, R. E. (1995). The literacy dictionary: The vocabulary of reading and writing. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    Hasbrouck, J. E., & Tindal, G. (2006). Oral reading fluency norms: A valuable assessment tool for reading teachers. The Reading Teacher, 59(7), 636-644.
    Hoffman, J. V. (1987). Rethinking the role of oral reading in basal instruction. Elementary School Journal, 87, 367 - 374
    Hoffman, J. V., & Isaacs, M. E. (1991). Developing fluency through restructuring the task of guided oral reading. Theory into Practice, 30(3), 185-194.
    Horwitz, E. K. & Young, D. J. (1991) Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Horwitz, E. K. ( 2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
    Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a foreign language anxiety scale. TESOL Quarterly, 20(3), 559-562.
    Horwitz, E. K. (1995). Student affective reactions and the teaching and learning of foreign languages. Journal of Educational Research, 23(7), 569-652.
    Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz., M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132.
    Hoyt, L. (1992). Many ways of knowing: Using drama, oral interactions, and the visual arts to enhance reading comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 45(8), 580-584.
    Hsu, Y. C. (2004). A study on junior college students' reading anxiety in English as a foreign language. Unpublished master thesis, National Chung Chen University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
    Huang, H. Y. (2001). Chinese university foreign language students' anxiety about reading in English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Washington State University, Washington.
    Huang, S. C. (2007). A window on reading: Conducting a Reader's Theater based on adolescent literature reading program in English classes in junior high school. Unpublished master thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Huang, W. C. (2007). A study on the application of the English Readers Theater for seventh-grade EFL students. Unpublished master thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Hung, W. C. (2008). The impact of Readers Theater activities on students' foriegn language learning anxiety: A study on elementary EFL students in Taipei city. Unpublished master thesis. National Taipei University of Education. Taipei, Taiwan.
    Hung, Y. F. (2004). A study of Readers Theater on vocational high schools' EFL learning. Unpublished master thesis. Chung Cheng University. Chiayi, Taiwan.
    International Reading Association. (IRA) (1999). Using multiple methods of beginning reading instruction. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from www.reading.org/downloads/positions/ps1033_multiple_methods.pdf -
    Johnson, T. and D. Louis, (1990). Bringing it all together: A program for literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
    Keehn, S. (2003). The effect of instruction and practice through readers theater on young readers' oral reading fluency. Reading Research and Instruction, 42(4), 40-58.
    Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japanese language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 85, 549-566.
    Koch, A., & Terrell, T. D. (1991). Affective reactions of foreign language students to Natural Approach activities and teaching techniques. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 109-126). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Kozub, R. (2000). Readers Theater and its affect on oral language fluency. Retrieved August 27, 2005, from http://www.readingonline.org/editorial/edit_index.asp?HREF=august2000/rkrt
    Krashen, S. (1982). Theory vs. practice in language training. In R. W. Blair (Ed.), Innovative approaches to language teaching (pp. 15-30). Cambridge: Newbury House.
    Kuder, S. J., & Hasit, C. (2002). Enhancing literacy for all students. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
    Kuhn, M. (2004). Helping students become accurate, expressive readers: Fluency instruction for small groups. The Reading Teacher, 58(4), 338-344.
    Kuhn, M. R., & Stahl, S. A. (2003). Fluency: A review of developmental and remedial practices. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 3-21.
    LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. (1974). Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 293-323.
    Larkin, B. L. (2001). Teaching ideas. Reading Teacher, 54(5), 474-482.
    Latrobe, K. (1996). Encouraging reading & writing through readers theatre. Emergency Librarian, 23(3). 16-20.
    Lengeling, M. M., & Malarcher, C., & Mills, L. (1995). The use of readers theater in the EFL curriculum. The 29th Annual Meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Long Beach, CA.
    MacIntyre, P. D. & Gardner, R. C. (1989). Anxiety and second-language learning: Toward a theoretical clarification. Language Learning, 39(2), 251-275.
    Maclntyre, P. D. & Gardener, R. C. (1991). Investigating language class anxiety using the focused essay technique. Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 296-304.
    Madsen, H. S., Brown, B. L. & Jones, R. L. (1991). Evaluating student attitudes toward second language tests. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young. (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 65-86). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Manning, M., & Manning, G. (1995). Teaching reading and writing. Literature in the content areas. Teaching PreK-8, 26(3), 110-111.
    Martinez, M., Roser, N. L., & Strecker, S. (1999). "I never thought I could be a star": A Readers Theatre ticket to fluency. The Reading Teacher, 52(4), 326-334.
    McMaster, J. C. (1998). 'Doing' literature: Using drama to build literacy. Reading Teacher, 51 (7), 574.
    Millin, S. K. (1996). Effect of Readers Theatre on oral reading ability and reading attitudes of second grade Title 1 students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
    Millin, S. K., & Rinehart, S. D (1999). Some of the benefits of readers theater participation for second-grade Title I students. Reading Research and Instruction, 39(1), 71-88.
    Moran, K. J. K. (2006). Nurturing emergent readers through Readers Theater. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), 317-323.
    Mori, S. (2002). Redefining motivation to read in a foreign language. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14(2), 91-110.
    Mori, S. (2004). Significant motivational predictors of the amount of reading by EFL learners' in Japan. Regional Language Centre Journal, 35(1), 63-81.
    NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress). (2005). Results of the 2005 national and state mathematics and reading assessments for grades 4 and 8. Retrieved October 25, 2008, from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard
    National Reading Panel, (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. (NIH Publication No. 00-4769). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    Oh, J. (1990). On the relationship between anxiety and reading in English as a foreign language among Korean university students in Korea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
    Oldfather, P., & Wigfield, A. (1996). Children's motivations for literacy learning. In L. Baker, P. Afflerbach, & D. Reinking (Eds.), Developing engaged readers in school and home communities (pp. 89- 113). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    Phillips, E. M. (1992). The effects of language anxiety on students oral test performance and attitudes. The Modern Language Journal, 76, 14-26.
    Pikulski, J. J., & Chard, D. J. (2005). Fluency: Bridge between decoding and reading comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 58(6), 510-519.
    Pinnell, G. S. (1995). Listening to children read aloud: Data from NAEP's Integrated Reading Performance Record (IRPR) at grade 4. Educational Testing Service, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Princeton, NJ.
    Powell- Brown, A. (2006). Why can't I just see the movie? Fostering motivation in children who struggle with reading. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42(2). 84-90.
    Prescott, J. O. (2003). The power of reader's theater. Instructor, 112 (5), 22-29.
    Pressley, M., (2006). Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching. NY: The Guilford Press.
    Price, M. L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety interviews with high-anxious students. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 101-108). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Purcell-Gates, V., & Surr, S. (2006). Destination reading for grades 4-8: A white paper. Houghton Mifflin Learning Technology. Retrieved October 4, 2008 from www.hmlt.hmco.com/downloads/Whitepapers/Destination_Reading_WP.pdf
    Ranger, L. (1995). Improving reading comprehension through multi-faceted approach utilizing drama. Unpublished master thesis, Keane College, Union, NJ.
    Rasinski, T. V. & Hoffman, J. V. (2003). Oral reading in the school literacy curriculum. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(4), 510-522.
    Rasinski, T. V. (1989). Fluency for everyone: Incorporating fluency instruction in the classroom. The Reading Teacher, 42, 690-693.
    Rasinski, T. V. (2000). Speed does matter in reading. The Reading Teacher, 54(2), 146-151.
    Rasinski, T. V. (2003). The fluent reader: Oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. NY: Scholastic.
    Rasinski, T. V. (2006). Fluency: An oft-neglected goal of the reading program. In C. Cummins (Ed.), Understanding and implementing reading first initiatives: The changing role of administrators (pp. 60-71). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    Rasinski, T. V., Padak, N. D., McKeon, C. A., Wilfong, L. G., Friedauer, J. A., & Heim, P. (2005). Is reading fluency a key for successful high school reading? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 49(1), 22-27.
    Rasinski, T.V., & Zutell, J. B. (1990). Making a place for fluency instruction in the regular reading curriculum. Reading Research and Instruction, 29(2), 85-91.
    Reutzel, D. R., & Hollingsworth, P. M. (1993). Effects of fluency training on second graders' reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Research, 86, 325 - 331.
    Rinehart, S. D. (1999). "Don't think for a minute that I'm getting up there": Opportunities for readers theater in a tutorial for children with reading problems. Journal for Reading Psychology, 20, 71-89.
    Rizopoulos, L. A. (2004). Traditional and innovative approaches to fluency development: The neglected area of the curriculum. The Language and Literacy Spectrum, 14, 22-30.
    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
    Saito, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Garza, T. J. (1999). Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83(2), 202-218.
    Samuels, S. J. (1979). The method of repeated reading. The Reading Teacher, 32(4) 403-408.
    Samuels, S. J. (1997). The method of repeated readings. The Reading Teacher, 50, 376-381.
    Samuels, S. J. (2006). Reading fluency: Its past, present, and future. In Rasinski, Blachowicz & Lems (Eds.), Fluency instruction: Research-based best practices (pp. 7-20). New York: The Guilford Press.
    Schreiber, P. A. (1991). Understanding prosody's role in reading acquisition. Theory Into Practice, 30, 158-164.
    Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1997). Developing self-efficacious readers and writers: The role of social and self-regulatory processes. In J. T. Guthrie & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Reading for engagement: Motivating readers through integrated instruction (pp. 34-50). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
    Scovel, T. (1991). The effect of affect on foreign language learning: A review of the anxiety research. In E. K. Horwitz & D. J. Young. (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 15-23). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Sellers, V. D. (2000). Anxiety and reading comprehension in Spanish as a foreign language. Foreign Language Annals, 33(5), 512-521.
    Shepard, A. (1996). Aaron shepard's RT Page. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http://www.Aaronshep.com/rt
    Shepard, A. (2004). Good books for getting into reader's theater. Retrieved August 27, 2005, from http://www.aaronshep.com/rt/bookshelf.html
    Sloyer, S. (2003). From the page to the stage: The educator's complete guide to Readers Theatre. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Westport CT.
    Stanovich, K. E. (1991). Word recognition: Changing perspectives. In R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (pp. 418-452). New York: Longman.
    Stewart, L. (1997). Readers Theatre and the writing workshop: Using children's literature to prompt student writing. Reading Teacher, 51(2), 174-175.
    Swallow, R. (2008). Readers Theater and language arts for teachers. Retrieved November 17, 2008, from http://www.timelessteacherstuff.com/
    Sweet, A. P., & Guthrie, J. T. (1996). How children's motivations relate to literacy development and instruction. The Reading Teacher, 49, 660-662.
    Talbot, B. (2007). Reading Motivation through Reader's Theater: Enhancing student reading proficiency and motivation. Retrieved August 25, 2008, from http://jbtalbot.googlepages.com/qcgslis767readerstheater.doc
    Trousdale, A. M., & Harris, V. J. (1993). Missing links in literary response: Group interpretation of literature. Children's Literature in Education, 24, 195-207.
    Tsou, W. L. (2006). Readers Theater in the classroom. Taipei: East & West Book Co., Ltd.
    Turner, J. & Paris, S. G. (1995). How literacy tasks influence children's motivation for literacy. Reading Teacher, 48(8), 662-73.
    Tyler, B. J., & Chard, D. J. (2000). Using Readers Theatre to foster fluency in struggling readers: A twist on the repeated reading strategy. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 16(2), 163-168.
    Uthman, L. E. (2002). Readers' theater: An approach to reading with more than a touch of drama. Teaching Pre K-8, 32(6), 56-57
    Vande Berg, C. K. (1993). Managing learner anxiety in literature courses. French Review, 67(1), 27-36.
    Walker, L. (1996). Readers theatre in the middle school and junior high classroom: A take part teacher's guide: Springboards to language development through readers theatre, storytelling, writing, and dramatizing. CO: Meriwether.
    Walker, L. (2005). Readers Theater in the classroom. Taipei: East & West Book Co., Ltd.
    Wigfield, A. & Guthrie, J. T. (1995). Dimensions of children's motivations for reading: An initial study. Athens, GA: National Reading Research Center.
    Wigfield, A., & Guthrie, J. T. (1997). Relations of children's motivation for reading to the amount and breadth of their reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 420-432.
    Wigfield, A., Guthrie, J., Tonks, S., & Perencevich, K. (2004). Children's motivation for reading: Domain specificity and instructional influences. The Journal of Educational Research, 97, 299-309.
    Wilson, J. T. S. (2006). Anxiety in learning English as a foreign language: Its associations with student variables, with overall proficiency, and with performance on an oral test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Granada, Spain.
    Wolf, S. A. (1993). What's in a name? Labels and literacy in Readers Theatre. The Reading Teacher, 46(7), 540-545.
    Worthy, J. (2005). Readers theater for building fluency: Strategies and scripts for making the most of this highly effective, motivating, and research-based approach to oral reading. NY: Scholastic.
    Worthy, J., & Broaddus, K. (2002). Fluency beyond the primary grades: From group performance to silent, independent reading. The Reading Teacher, 55(4), 334-343.
    Worthy, J., & Prater, K. (2002). “I thought about it all night”: Readers Theatre for reading fluency and motivation. The Reading Teacher, 56(3), 294-297.
    Yamashita, J. (2004). Reading attitudes in L1 and L 2, and their influences on L2 extensive reading. Reading in a Foreign Language, 16(1), 1-19.
    Yang, J. C. (2006a). Application of a Readers Theater program in English teaching in elementary school. Unpublished master thesis. National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
    Yang, Y. L. (2006b). A study of oral reading fluency: The implementation of Readers Theater in an EFL elementary school. Unpublished master thesis. Chung Cheng University. Chiayi, Taiwan.
    Yopp, R. H., & Yopp, H. K. (2003). Time with text. Reading Teacher, 57(3), 284-287.
    Young, D. J. (1991). The relationship between anxiety and foreign language oral proficiency ratings. In D. J. Horwitz & D. J. Young (Eds.), Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications (pp. 57-63). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Young, D. J. (1992). Language anxiety from the foreign language specialist's perspective: Interviews with Krashen, Omaggio Hadley, Terrell, and Rardin. Foreign Language Annals, 25, 157-172.
    Young, D. J. (1999). Reading Anxiety Scale (RAS). In D. J. Young (Ed.), Affect in foreign language and second language learning: A practical guide to creating a low-anxiety classroom atmosphere (pp. 256). New York: McGraw Hill.
    Young, D. J. (2000). An investigation into the relationship between L2 reading anxiety and L2 reading comprehension, and self-reported level of comprehension, topic familiarity, features of an L2 text and reading ability in the L1 and L2. In R. P. Leow & C. Sanz (Eds.), Spanish applied linguistics at the turn of the millennium (pp. 141-156). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
    Young, T. A., & Vardell, S. (1993). Weaving Readers Theater and nonfiction into the curriculum. The Reading Teacher, 46(5), 396-406.
    Zbornik, J. L., & Wallbrown, F. H. (1991). The development and validation of a scale to measure reading anxiety. Reading Improvement, 28(1), 2-12.
    Zhang, L. Z. (2003). Effects of three reading modes on Taiwanese junior high school EFL reader's anxiety and reading comprehension. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Zutell, J., & Rasinski, T.V. (1991). Training teachers to attend to their students' oral reading fluency. Theory into Practice, 30, 211-217.

    無法下載圖示
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
    QR CODE