本論文研究主要以化學合成法快速製備各向異性貴金屬奈米粒子，並且穩定於二維脫層奈米雲母片的表面上。脫層雲母片NMPs表面富有大量的電荷並可提供較大的比表面積，可作於穩定奈米粒子良好生長的基材，此外，透過相關參數的設計，可輕易的調控奈米粒子的形狀及顆粒大小。在合成不同形態的金奈米粒子時，由於添加陽離子界面活性劑作為保護劑包圍於奈米粒子的周圍，可使表面帶正電荷，對於檢測表面帶負電荷的分子有良好的吸附效果。接著利用表面增強拉曼光譜(SERS)檢測生物分子DNA鹼基，以初步判斷奈米混合材料是否可應用於生物分子系統的檢測上。最後，設計有機高分子分散劑，以調控NMPs表面的親疏水性，進一步將其應用在親水性金黃色葡萄球菌或是疏水性大腸桿菌等不同菌種的快速檢測上，本論文主要分成兩個部分作探討：
第一部分，通過一步快速成長法製備三角形金奈米板(TAuNPs)，並穩定於二維脫層奈米雲母片(NMPs)的表面，藉由氧化蝕刻的方式形成具有避雷針效應(lightning rod effect)之TAuNPs/NMPs奈米混成材料。透過相關參數的設計，可輕易調整TAuNPs的邊緣長度使其介於30 nm~90 nm之間，接著，利用表面增強拉曼光譜(SERS)檢測DNA鹼基腺嘌呤(adenine)分子，其偵測極限濃度可達10-9M、拉曼增強因子(EF)達5.7 × 107，相對標準偏差(RSD)為9.8%。最後以此應用於金黃色葡萄球菌的細菌檢測中，此奈米混成材料的表面帶電性及親水性質對於金黃色葡萄球菌的SERS訊號上有顯著的提升，SERS結果顯示，其檢測極限濃度達102 CFU/mL，相對標準偏差(RSD)為11.2%，由此可知，此TAuNPs/NMPs 奈米混成材料對於SERS生物檢測上可提供相當快速且高靈敏的檢測效果。
第二部分，使用種子介導法快速合成金奈米立方體(AuNCs)並將其還原於二維脫層奈米雲母片(NMPs)的表面，以製備出具有三維lightning rod effect之AuNCs/NMPs奈米混成材料。首先，藉由改變生長溶液的添加量，可輕易調整AuNCs的平均粒徑使其介於30 nm~70 nm之間，接著，脫層型態的AuNCs/NMPs亦能透過自組裝的方式產生三維熱點效應以增強拉曼訊號，在表面增強拉曼散射光譜(SERS)檢測生物分子adenine也展現出極高的靈敏性，其偵測極限濃度達10-9M、拉曼增強因子(EF)達3.6 ×108。由於AuNCs粒子間具有較為規則的排列下，其再現性表現優異，相對標準偏差(RSD)為10.7%。最後，透過親水性高分子POE2000與雙親性高分子PIB–POE–PIB以不同重量比的添加量對NMPs表面進行改質，藉由控制NMPs表面的親疏水性(hydrophilic-hydrophobic)使其對細菌具有良好的吸附性及選擇性，並進一步將此AuNCs/POE/NMPs及AuNCs/PIB–POE–PIB/NMPs分別應用於親水性金黃色葡萄球菌及疏水性大腸桿菌的SERS檢測上。在SERS檢測結果顯示，金黃色葡萄球菌的檢測極限濃度達92 CFU/mL，另外，大腸桿菌的檢測極限濃度達1.6 ×102 CFU/mL。此AuNCs/POE/NMPs及AuNCs/PIB–POE–PIB/NMPs具有不同的親疏水性親和力，大幅提升了對於不同親疏水性質細菌的捕捉效果及偵測靈敏度，在SERS生物檢測系統中提供了快速、高選擇性且高靈敏度的檢測效果。

The main focus of this study is the rapid preparation of anisotropic noble metal nanoparticles using chemical synthesis. These nanoparticles are stabilized on two-dimensional delaminated nano mica platelets (NMPs) surface. The NMP surfaces are rich in ionic charges and provide a large specific surface area, serving as a substrate for the stabilized growth of the nanoparticles. Moreover, by adjusting relevant parameters, the shape and particle size of the nanoparticles can be easily controlled. In the synthesis of different shapes of gold nanoparticles, cationic surfactants are utilized as protective agents surrounding the nanoparticles, rendering the surface positively charged and facilitating the adsorption of molecules with negative charges for detection. Subsequently, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is utilized to detect DNA bases as a preliminary assessment of whether the nanohybrid can be applied in biological system detection. Finally, organic polymer dispersants are designed to modulate the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the NMPs' surface. Then applied to rapidly detect bacteria such as hydrophilic Staphylococcus aureus or hydrophobic Escherichia coli. This study will be mainly divided into two sections for exploration.
The first part is the rapid preparation of triangular gold nanoplates (TAuNPs) using a one-step growth method, followed by their stabilization on the surface of two-dimensional delaminated nano mica platelets (NMPs). Through oxidation etching, the TAuNPs/NMPs nanohybrids are prepared and exhibit a lightning rod effect. By designing relevant parameters, the edge length of TAuNPs can be easily adjusted in the range of 30 nm to 90 nm. Then, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is used to detect adenine, a DNA base molecule, achieving a detection limit of 10-9M, a Raman enhancement factor (EF) of 5.7 × 107, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 9.8%. Finally, this nanohybrid is applied to the detection of S. aureus, showcasing significant enhancement in the SERS signal due to the nanohybrid material's charged surface and hydrophilic properties. The SERS results demonstrate a detection limit of 102 CFU/mL and an RSD of 11.2% for S. aureus. Thus, the TAuNPs/NMPs nanohybrid exhibits rapid and highly sensitive detection capabilities in SERS-based biological detection.
The second part is the rapid synthesis of gold nanocubes (AuNCs) via a seed-mediated method and their reduction on the surface of NMPs, enabling the development of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids with a lightning-rod effect. First, the growth-solution amount can be changed to easily adjust the AuNCs' average particle size within a range of 30–70 nm. Delaminated AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids can generate a 3D hotspot effect through self-assembly to enhance the Raman signal. SERS is highly sensitive in detecting adenine biomolecules. Its LOD and Raman enhancement factor reached 10-9 M and 3.6×108. Excellent reproducibility was obtained owing to the relatively regular arrangement of AuNC particles, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 10.7%. Finally, the surface of NMPs was modified by adding the hydrophilic polymer POE2000 and amphiphilic polymer PIB–POE–PIB at different weight ratios. The adjustment of the surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of AuNCs/NMPs nanohybrids led to better adsorption and selectivity for bacteria. AuNCs/POE/NMPs and AuNCs/PIB–POE–PIB/NMPs were further applied to the SERS detection of hydrophilic S. aureus and hydrophobic E. coli. The detection results suggest that the LOD of S. aureus and E. coli. reached 92 CFU/mL and 1.6 × 102 CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, fast, highly selective, and highly sensitive SERS biological-detection results were obtained.

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