近幾年來由於天然災害(如地震、颱風或海嘯等)頻繁的發生，緊急通訊系統及定位演算法變得越來越重要。然而，往往在災害發生後因為無法把握黃金72小時的救援時刻而造成人員傷亡的慘重。其最主要的原因為災區的通訊基礎建設遭到破壞，同時在交通癱瘓情況下使得大型救災通訊設備無法帶入災區恢復通訊，救難人員僅能依賴對講機互相通訊和利用只能偵測小區域的生命探測器毫無頭緒的尋找受困者，因此缺乏一套合適的通訊系統可以即時與受困者直接進行通訊並透過精確的定位演算法快速偵測受困者的位置。本論文將提出一套輕便型的開放式基地台，搭配所設計的受困者手機應用程式，讓救難人員攜帶進入災區快速恢復災區部分通訊。此外，本文亦提出一套全新的行動救災定位演算法，藉由動態調整基地台傳送功率大小及允許基地台位移的情況下，使受困者手機註冊的新定位演算法來偵測受困者，結果顯示使用提出的通訊系統及定位演算法能有效提高救援的成功率。

Emergency communication systems and positioning algorithms are getting more and more important in recent years due to the increasing of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis. However, some natural disasters may make heavy casualties due to the fact that rescue teams are not able to save trapped people during gold 72 hours. The main reason is that the most of terrestrial infrastructures are damaged after the natural disaster, and the large-scale communication equipment cannot bring to the disaster area to recovery the communication when traffic disruption. Hence, rescuers only use walkie-talkie to communicate each other and use life detectors to detect trapped people in a small area. Lack of the suitable rescue tools, it is hard to communicate with the trapped people directly and quickly detect the trapped people via proper positioning algorithm. In this paper, a lightweight Open Base Transceiver Station (OpenBTS) was used to allow rescuers carry them to recover communication in part of disaster area. With the rescue mobile application designed for trapped people, we then proposed a mobility-support rescue positioning algorithm, which can dynamically adjust transmission power and allows base station carried by rescuer change its position while system is performing the positioning algorithm. Finally, the base station can use the registration information of the rescue mobile application to detect trapped people correctly. Results show that using the proposed system and positioning algorithm can effectively improve the success rate of rescue.

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