大自然提供人類維持生命活力的各種物質，且滿足人們在生理和心理方面各種的需要。回顧近代設計史，本創作發現自然對歐美設計運動、著名建築師、日本建築運動和設計手法，皆有舉足輕重的影響。然而，過往大都是設計師的作品所應用的手法或概念較單純地模仿自然，惟如此作法對實際解決環境退化問題仍相當有限。作為唯一具有理解和表達能力的有意識生物，人類必須視生物界為共創者。要做到這一點，設計必須結合自然，形成人類及生物彼此的合作夥伴關係，並視生物為一共同創作夥伴，以提高作品的完整度與功能性。

本研究目的旨在探討設計師與生物共同設計的可能性。首先，透過文獻探討，本研究探討生物的共同特質和種間交互作用；爾後，蒐集設計案例，進而以創造力層級探討設計師和生物共同設計的可能發展模式和思維；最後，發掘與生物共同設計之設計流程。本創作研究的設計實踐共含蓋兩大系列作品，其一是以大麥蟲的啃食行為應用於燈具設計—「蟲燈 Worm Lamp」，且分別發展出三款具有不同光影和形態的燈具設計；其二，以植物生長行為應用於字體設計—「草字 Plantypography」。以此兩系列作品來作為應用生物共同設計手法的初探，本研究冀望透過設計師的介入，讓處處充滿驚奇的生物行為能夠被轉換為可被運用的設計語言，且提供設計領域更多的詮釋手法與靈感來源。

Nature provides people with a variety of substances maintaining vitality, and meets people’ needs in physiological and psychological aspects. According to history of design, nature has an influence on some of European and American design movements, the famous architects, Japanese architectural movement, and even design methods. However, in the past, most of designers just applied the idea of imitating nature in design creations. These designs are artifacts, which are not able to solve the problems of environmental degradation. As the creatures being able to understand and express feelings, people have to be the administrator in nature. For the reason, people could co-create with nature, and living organisms as essential components could be treated as partnerships with designers to enhance the function of the finished work.

This study aims at exploring the possibilities of co-designing between designers and organisms. First, this study explored common traits and interspecific interactions of organisms. Then, this study further classified design cases and discovered possible developments and thinking through levels of creativity. Lastly, this study uncovered the new design process of co-creating with organisms. The study proposed two series of design creations: Worm Lamp and Plantypogrpahy. Worm Lamp contains three lamp designs in different forms which designer co-design with worms through the behavior of chewing, while Plantypography is a typeface which designer applies plants’ growing behavior in alphabet design. The above design creations presented initial explorations through applying co-design with organisms. Finally, the study has experimented and observed more iconic topics of organisms that have astounding transformations of diverse behaviors among living organisms evolving the design process.

英文文獻

1. Aldersey-Williams, Hugh., Antonelli, Paola., Hall, Peter., & Sargent, Ted. (2008). Design and the Elasitc Mind. NY: The Museum of Modern Art.

2. Benyus, J. M. (1998). Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (1st ed). NY: HarperCollins.

3. Blakc, J. (2008). Microbiology: Principles and Explorations (7th ed). NY: Wiley.

4. Byles, J.,& Ferebee, A. (2011) A History of Design from the Victorian Era to the Present: A Survey of the Modern Style in Architecture, Interior Design, Industrial Design, Graphic Design, and Photography (2nd ed). NY: W. W. Norton & Company.

5. Campbell, N. A. (1996). Biology (4th ed). CA: Benjamin-Cummings.

6. Edwards, G. (2000). Biology the Easy Way (3rd ed). NY: Barron's Educational Series.

7. Hodges, F., Sparke, P., Aldersey, -W. H., Stone, A., & Coad, E. D. (1992). The New Design Source Book. NY: Knickerbocker Press.

8. Howard, J. (1997). Art Nouveau: International and National Styles in Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

9. Joseph, S. L., & Kenneth, R. M. (2003). Biology. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

10. Kampourakis, K. (2013). The Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators. Germany: Springer Science+Business Media.

11. Kankainen, A., Vaajakallio, K., Kantola, V., & Mattelmaki, T. (2010) Storytelling Group – a co-design method for service design. Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(30, 221-230.

12. King, S. (2007). Insect Nations - Visions of the Ant World from Kropotkin to Bergson. US: Exposure Publishing.

13. McHarg, I. L. (1969). Design with Nature. NY: Garden City.

14. Myers, W. (2012). Bio Design. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

15. Ots, E. (2010). Decoding Theoryspeak: An Illustrated Guide to Architectural Theory. London: Routledge

16. Pollington. C., & Sebestyen, G. (2003). New Architecture and Technology. London: Routledge.

17. Sanders, E. B. N. (2006). Design serving people. Cumulus Working Paper, 28-33.

18. Sanders, E. B. N. (2005, March). Information, Inspiration and Co-creation. The 6th International Conference of the European Academy of Design, University of the Arts, Bremen, Gemany.

19. Sanders, E. B. N., & Stappers, P. J. (2008). Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign, 4(1), 5-18.

20. Scamardella, J. M. (1999). No plants or animals: a brief history of the origin of Kingdoms Protozoa, Protista and Protoctista. Internatl Microbiol, 2, 207-216.

21. Strom, M. (1994). Metro Art in the Metropolis. France: Art Creation Realisation.

22. Tam, M. M. C. (1994). Inovative approach to co-design of information systems: a case study in a small manufacturing business. Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference, Hawaii, January, 4-7.

23. Tames, R. (2008). William Morris. UK: Shire

24. Triggs, O. L. (2009). The Art & Crafts Movement. NY: Parkstone International.

25. Wayne, T. K. (2006). Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism. NY: Facts on File.

26. Woese, C. R. (1990). Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domanins Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 87, 4576-4879.

中文文獻

1. 王受之 (1997)。世界現代設計。臺北：藝術家。

2. 呂理福和諸亞儂譯 (1984)。生物學名詞辭典。原著：Henderson, I. F., Henderson, W. D., & Kemmeth, J. H. (1984)。臺北：黎明文化。

3. 林銘煌 (2003)。工業設計思潮-設計思潮和產品造型系列的第一部。臺北：全華科技。

4. 周維權 (1999)。中國古代園林史。北京：清華大學。

5. 張永仁 (1998)。昆蟲圖鑑。臺北：遠流出版社。

6. 潘富俊 (2002)。楚辭植物圖鍵。臺北：貓頭鷹。

7. 陳文新 (1998)。細菌系統發育。微生物學報，38(3)，240-243。

8. 黃啟裕、吳劍候和陳建翰 (2005)。黃粉蟲消化降解保麗龍之研究。第十七屆年會及第三十屆廢水處理技術研討會，中華民國環境工程學會。

9. 蔡青雯 譯 (2010)。Ex-formation 植物。原著：原研哉 (2010)。臺北：麥田。

 
網路文獻

1. Oxford. (2012). Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved April 5, 2012, from：http://oaadonline.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

2. The University of Arizona. (1997). Mealworm Information. The University of Arizona. Retrieved November 21, 2013, from:http://insected.arizona.edu/mealinfo.htm

3. 程樹德 (1999)。生物的新分類法。科學月刊全文資料庫，2012年4月24日，取自：
http://210.60.224.4/ct/content/1999/00120360/0009.htm

4. 藝術與建築索引典 (2012)。自然定義，2012年4月15日，取自：
http://aat.teldap.tw/caat/caat_rptcaatc.php