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研究生: 王立君
Li-Chun Wang
論文名稱: 基於機器學習的三維人臉特徵重建及辨識研究及其FPGA實現
Research on 3D Face Feature Reconstruction and Recognition Base on Machine Learning and its FPGA Implementation
指導教授: 楊振雄
Cheng-Hsiung Yang
口試委員: 吳常熙
陳金聖
郭永麟
楊振雄
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 自動化及控制研究所
Graduate Institute of Automation and Control
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 91
中文關鍵詞: 人臉辨識三維人臉重構邊緣運算機器學習
外文關鍵詞: Facial Recognition, 3D Face Reconstruction, Edge Computing, Machine Learning
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  • 本論文目的在於利用三維人臉重構來提升人臉辨識系統的準確率,並將其實現於FPGA Xilinx ZCU104達到邊緣運算,結合此塊開發板的兩大系統PS和PL,在讀取二維人臉影像後,透過影像預處理、人臉偵測、三維人臉重構、特徵提取以及與人臉資料庫比對完成人臉辨識。
    首先我們會對各種三維人臉重構技術做研究並比較,本論文使用基於3D Morphable Model的重建方法得到輸入影像對應的三維人臉模型,再透過此模型旋轉投影得到正面人臉,最後以此來進行人臉辨識。
    在FPGA我們使用Xilinx所開發之PYNQ系統,其映像檔是基於Ubuntu加上Python建構而成,PYNQ內建了Jupyter Notebook,使開發者可以直接在上面撰寫Python程式及除錯,直接使用豐富的資料庫就可對FPGA硬體進行功能的開發,例如:使用ZCU104透過HDMI輸出影像至顯示器上,只需調用API即可,不需要另外自行對PL層設計。
    最後我們設計一系列實驗,採用Color FERET和CMU PIE人臉資料庫,皆被廣泛使用在多角度人臉辨識研究,因其提供大量人臉及不同角度人臉照,角度包含0度、 15度、 22.5度、 45度、 67.5度及 90度。
    實驗結果分析三維人臉重構對於人臉辨識系統確實有改善,並且在不同的資料庫下,準確率是可複製的,不因資料庫的差異影響準確率,而運用三維人臉重建彌補大角度人臉比對失敗的問題,使整體準確率可確實提升,在大角度(大於45度的人臉影像)下的提升,皆有至少18%的改善。


    The purpose of this thesis is to enhance accuracy of facial recognition system through 3D face reconstruction and reach edge computing while realizing thus in FPGA Xilinx ZCU104 in order to integrate PS and PL of the evaluation board. After reading 2D facial image, we use image preprocessing, face detection, 3D face reconstruction, feature extraction and compare it with existing facial image database to complete recognition process.
    First, we will look into and compare various kinds of 3D face recognition. We used 3D Morphable Model reconstruction to acquire corresponding 3D face model, then use the model to rotate the projection. The projection would be a frontal face available for making comparison with database.
    We use PYNQ system on FPGA. The image file was built by Ubuntu and Python. PYNQ, along with built-in Jupyter Notebook, enable developers to code and debug on it directly. With enormous database we may develop all kinds of functions on FPGA hardware.
    Finally, we designed a series of experiment applied with Color FERET and CMU PIE face database. Both databases are commonly used in research of face recognition across poses. Face recognition across poses provides huge amount of facial data and face image of various angles including 0°, 15°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5° and 90°.
    The result of experiments showed that 3D face reconstruction does improve the accuracy of facial recognition system, especially on compensating big angle (more than 45°) comparison failure. General accuracy is improved at least 18% more.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 動機與目的 1 1.2 相關研究 3 1.3 研究方法 4 1.4 論文大綱 11 第二章 3D人臉重構研究方法 12 2.1 3D人臉重構介紹 12 2.2 可變形立體模型重構 12 2.3 立體視覺建構 15 2.4 單張正面人臉影像重建技術 16 2.5 深度學習建立三維人臉 17 2.5.1 卷積神經網路介紹 18 2.5.2 卷積層 18 2.5.3 池化層 19 2.5.4 全連接層 20 2.5.5 損失層 21 2.6 UV貼圖重建方式 21 第三章 人臉辨識系統實作於FPGA 23 3.1 系統架構介紹 23 3.2 人臉偵測 25 3.2.1 Viola-Jones 人臉偵測 25 3.2.2 HOG特徵 26 3.3 影像預處理 30 3.4 人臉特徵提取 33 3.4.1 特徵臉 34 3.4.2 線性判別分析特徵提取 35 3.4.3 Dlib 68點人臉特徵 35 3.5 人臉識別 37 3.6 FPGA介紹 37 3.6.1 ZCU104硬體配置 38 3.6.2 Zynq開發流程 41 3.6.3 Zynq開發工具 42 第四章 實驗結果與分析 51 4.1 實驗環境 51 4.2系統實現架構 51 4.3實驗資料庫 53 4.4 演算法分析 55 4.5三維人臉重建結果 56 4.6系統評估與實驗 59 4.6.1 系統準確率評估 59 4.6.2 多角度人臉辨識準確率比較 64 4.6.3 三維人臉重構與辨識率關係 66 4.7 FPGA實現 68 第五章 結論 72 5.1 實驗結果與分析 72 5.2 結論與未來工作 72 參考文獻 74

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