基於混合法之太陽能最大功率追蹤｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	田毅翔 I-Hsiang Tien
論文名稱：	基於混合法之太陽能最大功率追蹤 A Maximum Power Point Tracking Method based on the Hybrid Approach
指導教授：	連國龍 Kuo-Lung Lian
口試委員:	劉益華 Yi-Hua Liu 黃仲欽 Jonq-Chin Hwang 郭政謙 Cheng-Chien Kuo
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電機工程系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	74
中文關鍵詞：	太陽能發電系統、最大功率追蹤、部分遮蔽、粒子群最佳化法
外文關鍵詞：	photovoltaic (PV) system, Maximum power point tracking(MPPT), partial shading, Particle swarm optimization(PSO)
相關次數：	點閱：493 下載：25
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人類面臨氣候變遷、能源、資源逐漸匱乏及環境污染日趨嚴重等
困境，許多學者紛紛朝向綠色能源作研究，其取之不盡用之不竭的太
陽能發電，成為近代許多學者研究的題目。然而太陽能目前轉換效率
目前偏低，如何有效的利用這偏低的轉換效率(光能轉換為電能)則是
本文的目的所在。
本文以太陽能模擬機模擬出太陽能模組之特性以及三種不同的
情況，其太陽能模組因部份遮蔽導致輸出特性曲線為多峰情況，以傳
統之擾動觀察法為最大功率追蹤演算法無法有效找到真正的最大功
率值。然而，以粒子群最佳化法為主之最大功率追蹤演算法雖可追蹤
到最大功率點但所花時間過長，因此，本文提出結合擾動觀察法與粒
子群最佳化法之混合法迅速地找尋真實之最大功率點。為驗證所提之
混合法，本論文採用數位信號處理器TMS320F28035 實現最大功率追
蹤控制器，電力架構則為交錯式直流直流升壓型轉換器。藉由電力架
構中回授電壓和電流值經由類比/數位轉換器轉換後至數位信號處
理器作運算。再搭配電流閉迴路之控制策略完成整體系統之實作。在
模擬分析中，本文使用套裝軟體Powersim 分析整體系統在各種最大
功率追蹤演算法以及電流控制模式，所運算出結果與硬體實測相互驗
證。

Driven by environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuels,
renewable energy resources (RERs) are becoming one of the most
important research topics. Among these (RERs), photovoltaic (PV)
generation systems are gaining its importance and popularity due to its
cleanness and ease of maintenance. This thesis proposes a new maximum
power point tracking method for a PV system, which is able to track the
global maximum point (GMP) in a reasonably short time. Conventional
MPPT methods such as Perturb and observe (P&O) method can only
track the first local maximum point(LMP) and stop progressing to the
next maximum point. MPPT methods based on particle swarm
optimization (PSO) have been proposed to track the GMP. However, the
problems of the PSO method are that the initial conditions of particles
need to be chosen carefully to ensure the search space contains the GMP.
Moreover, the time required for convergence may be very slow if the
range of the search space is large. To overcome these shortcomings, this
paper proposes a hybrid method, which combines P&O and PSO methods.
Initially, the P&O method is employed to allocate the nearest local
maximum. Then starting from that point on, the PSO method is employed
to search for the GMP. The advantage of using the proposed hybrid
method is that the search space for the PSO is reduced, and hence the
time required needed for convergence can be greatly improved. The
control algorithm has been implemented in a DSP (TMS320F28035), and
the excellent performance of the proposed hybrid method has been
verified experimentally by comparing against P&O and PSO methods.

摘要............................................................................................................i
Abstract .................................................................................................... ii
致謝......................................................................................................... iii
目錄......................................................................................................... iv
表目錄.................................................................................................... vii
圖目錄................................................................................................... viii
第一章 緒論.............................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的........................................................................1
1.2 文獻探討....................................................................................1
1.3 系統架構及規格.......................................................................3
1.4 論文大綱...................................................................................5
第二章 直流-直流升壓型轉換器之模擬與實測...................................6
2.1 前言............................................................................................6
2.2 太陽能電池簡介.......................................................................6
2.3 太陽能電池模型.......................................................................8
2.4 直流-直流升壓型轉換器之分析與控制...................................9
2.4.1 直流-直流升壓型轉換器之原理......................................9
2.4.2 連續導通與不連續導通模式之邊界............................11
2.5 交錯式直流-直流升壓型轉換器.............................................13
v
2.5.1 交錯式直流-直流升壓型轉換器架構..........................13
2.5.2 交錯式直流-直流升壓型轉換器控制策略..................14
2.5.3 小訊號分析..................................................................15
2.6 電腦模擬....................................................................................16
2.7 硬體實測....................................................................................21
第三章 太陽能之最大功率追蹤演算法..............................................25
3.1 太陽能電池於遮蔽情況之特性...............................................25
3.2 太陽能模擬器...........................................................................26
3.3 最大功率追蹤法則....................................................................29
3.3.1 擾動觀察法......................................................................29
3.3.2 粒子群最佳化法..............................................................31
3.3.3 混合法..............................................................................34
第四章 模擬與硬體實測結果..............................................................36
4.1 數位訊號處理器介面電路.......................................................36
4.2 交錯式控制架構.......................................................................38
4.3 Powersim 模擬...........................................................................39
4.4 硬體實測...................................................................................52
4.4.1 擾動觀察法.......................................................................52
4.4.2 粒子群最佳化法...............................................................56
vi
4.4.3 混合法................................................................................62
4.5 討論...............................................................................................67
第五章 結論與未來展望......................................................................70
5.1 結論...............................................................................................70
5.2 未來展望......................................................................................71
參考文獻.................................................................................................72

                                

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