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研究生： 崔恩銓
En-chuan Tsui
論文名稱： 提示音音調高低應用於尋路系統之研究
Auditory Signals with Different Pitch Combinations Applied to Wayfinding System
指導教授： 陳建雄
Chien-Hsiung Chen
口試委員: 朱旭建
none
鄭金典
none
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 設計學院 - 設計系
Department of Design
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 120
中文關鍵詞： 尋路 、提示音系統 、音調 、駕車經驗 、互動設計
外文關鍵詞： Wayfinding, Auditory signal, Pitch, Driving experience, Interaction design
相關次數： 點閱：297  下載：4 
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    • 當面對陌生環境，尋路是我們日常生活不斷會碰到且執行的心智歷程。隨著日益發達之科技進展，導航科技的進步，人們能透過更多元的方式獲得路徑導引資訊。本研究目的在於如何藉由提示音音調高低變化之組合搭配提示方向性，提升使用者尋路之績效。本研究共包含兩階段實驗分別為：(1)前導性實驗：透過文獻探討收集提示音之音調變化所對應之意涵，並透過實驗方式，針對提示音音調高低對應方向之可能性，進行初探。以操作計測、系統使用性尺度量表和訪談，瞭解提示音對應方向之關聯性。(2)驗證性實驗：依據文獻及前導性實驗之結果，製作駕車模擬環境，並於模擬環境中進行模擬駕車導航之實驗。
    驗證實驗採用2(駕車經驗有無)x 3(提示音音調變化)雙因子混合設計之方式進行。「駕車經驗有無」採取兩層級：(1)具駕車經驗：具有駕駛汽車於道路環境之受測者；(2)無駕車經驗：完全沒有駕駛汽車經驗之受測者。而「提示音音調變化」分為三層級：(1)提示音單音音調變化：「轉彎」意象利用不同音調高低之兩單音組成，「前進迴轉」意象利用連續同音調之兩單音組成。(2)提示音單音音調無變化：利用無音調變化之兩單音，透過不同音長組成提示音。(3)提示音重複單音音調變化：「轉彎」意象利用連續同音調之兩單音組成，「前進迴轉」利用不同音調高低之兩單音組成。
    研究結果：(1)「提示音單音音調變化」之提示音介面，能較快速正確將提示音對應到預期方向；(2)「提示音單音音調變化」在判斷左轉和右轉時，具有音調高低的提示音，能在第一響音即能判斷左轉或右轉之預期方向，能幫助提升錯誤次數及效率；(3)「提示音單音音調無變化」辨別聲音長度對應方向，對於心智負荷呈現較高的狀態；(4)有音調變化之提示音設計，能降低受測者於辨別方向時，判斷過程之心智負荷程度；(5)「駕車經驗有無」於提示音對應方向之實驗中不影響整體操作績效。

    Wayfinding is a human mental cognitive process that he/she will use in his/her daily life, especially when facing a whole new environment. Along with the progress of the technology and GPS, a human can obtain various types of information around him/her. This study is aimed to find out the effects of combining sounds with different pitches for guiding directions. The experiment in this study includes two stages: (1) The pilot test: From integrating relevant research studies, the author will investigate different kinds of auditory signal combinations linking with specific meanings. An experiment was conducted to help understand potential combination of sounds that could help guide the direction. Based on user’s task performance, SUS questionnaire, and interview, the author can understand users’ mental models and cognition. (2) The validate experiment: Based on the results generated from the first stage together with summaries from relevant literature, a virtual driving simulation environment is built for the validate experiment.
    The experiment was planned based on a 2 (levels of user driving experience) by 3 (auditory signals with different pitch combinations) two-way ANOVA design. There are two levels in the independent variable of user experience: (a) The user who has driving experience: The user who had experience on driving a car. (b) The user who does not have driving experience: The user who had not driven a car ever. There are three levels in the independent variable of sound combination styles: (a) “Auditory signals combined with two levels of pitch”: Two sounds with different levels of pitches to present “Turning”, same pitch to present “Forward and U-turn”. (b) “Auditory signals with same pitch”: Sounds with different length to indicate different directions. (c) “Auditory signals repeated with same sounds by two levels of pitches”: Two sounds with same pitch to present “Turning”, different levels of pitches to present “Forward and U-turn”.
    The generated results indicated that: (1) “Auditory signals combined with two levels of pitches” sound style of user interface helps users know the direction correctly and faster. (2) When the user decided to turn right or turn left, the “auditory signals combined with two levels of pitches” style could help user realize the direction in advance. (3) By using different lengths of sound for distinguishing different directions, the user felt higher mental demand in “auditory signals with same pitch” style sound of user interface. (4) By applying different levels of pitches in auditory signal designs could help reduce the mental demand. (5) “The experiences of driving a car does not affect the performance of linking sound to specific direction.

    中文摘要.....................................................................................................................................i 英文摘要………………………………………………………………....………………...ii 致謝…………………………....................………………………………………………..iii 目錄.........................................................................................………….............................iv 圖目錄................................................................................................................................ vii 表目錄................................................................................................................................. xi 第一章 緒論......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景與動機.................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究目的.............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究架構與流程.................................................................................................. 3 1.4 研究範圍與限制.................................................................................................. 5 第二章 文獻探討................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 尋路...................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 尋路行為定義............................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 尋路行為之過程........................................................................................ 9 2.1.3 都市實質型態之元素............................................................................... 11 2.1.4 尋路之研究方法....................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 影響尋路績效的因素............................................................................... 13 2.1.6 導航輔助發展現況................................................................................... 14 2.2 認知與空間..........................................................................................................16 2.2.1 認知過程….............................................................................................. 16 2.2.2 空間認知….............................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 空間知識與其建立策略........................................................................... 17 2.3 提示音系統..........................................................................................................18 2.3.1 提示音之聲音種類…............................................................................... 18 2.3.2 提示音之功能分類…............................................................................... 20 2.3.3 提示音之設計要點…............................................................................... 21 第三章 研究方法與進行步驟............................................................................................23 3.1 研究進行步驟......................................................................................................23 3.2 實驗流程與建構..................................................................................................24 3.3 實驗方法…..........................................................................................................25 第四章 前導性實驗與研究成果.........................................................................................26 4.1 前導性實驗方式.................................................................................................. 26 4.2 前導性實驗對象….............................................................................................. 29 4.3 前導性實驗結果與分析….................................................................................. 31 4.3 綜合討論與分析….............................................................................................. 35 第五章 驗證實驗-駕車環境模擬測試.................................................................................37 5.1 驗證實驗方法........................................................................................................37 5.1.1 驗證實驗研究變項…..................................................................................37 5.1.2 驗證實驗駕車模擬環境製作.......................................................................43 5.1.3 驗證實驗設計...............................................................................................47 5.1.4 驗證實驗對象...............................................................................................50 5.2 驗證實驗之結果.....................................................................................................50 5.2.1 計測路徑任務操作績效分析........................................................................50 5.2.1.1 路徑一(四個決策點).........................................................................50 5.2.1.2 路徑二(八個決策點).........................................................................54 5.2.1.3 路徑三(十二個決策點).....................................................................59 5.2.1.4 整體操作績效...................................................................................64 5.2.2 NASA TLX 量表分析...................................................................................68 5.2.2.1 提示音之心智負荷...........................................................................69 5.2.2.2 提示音之時間負荷...........................................................................69 5.2.2.3 提示音之生理負荷...........................................................................71 5.2.2.4 提示音之精神負荷...........................................................................76 5.2.2.5 提示音之績效與滿意度...................................................................78 5.2.2.5 提示音之挫折程度……...................................................................80 5.2.3 SUS系統使用性尺度量表分析..................................................................82 第六章 結論與建議................................................................................................................85 6.1 研究結果..................................................................................................................85 6.1.1 提示音音調高低對應方向之研究結果........................................................85 6.2 結論與建議..............................................................................................................92 6.3 後續研究建議..........................................................................................................95 參考文獻...................................................................................................................................96 附錄一、前導性實驗問卷......................................................................................................102 附錄二、驗證性實驗問卷......................................................................................................105

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