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研究生: 吳俊錫
CHUN-HSI WU
論文名稱: 立體視覺導引之互動式雙臂機器人
Stereo Vision Interactive Dual Arms Robot
指導教授: 黃緒哲
Shiuh-Jer Huang
口試委員: 吳忠霖
John-Ling Wu
周瑞仁
Jui-jen Chou
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 132
中文關鍵詞: 立體視覺視差圖雙臂仿人型機器人機器人互動控制
外文關鍵詞: Stereo Vision, Disparity Map, Mobile robot, Humanoid robot, Interactive robot control
相關次數: 點閱:233下載:8
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  • 本文主要研究在於視覺伺服與機器人運動平台之整合已建立機器人與環境互動能力。所提出之視覺演算法可找出影像感測器可視範圍內之物體三維座標與形狀大小資訊,結合實驗室自製之移動式雙臂仿人型機器人平台,以建立一個可與環境互動之智慧型機器人系統。信號與控制為結合數位訊號處理器(DSP)與現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)之雙核心架構,以達成平行處理運算及分散式系統架構之優點。
    立體視覺是利用雙眼視覺取得環境之視差圖(Disparity Map)後配合立體對應處理,即可估測出影像內物體之三維座標與物體之長寬高資訊;機械手臂之運動控制則採用不需系統模型之滑動模糊控制器(FSMC),兩輪之結合可以達成機器人在未知環境中,智慧型互動功能。由實驗結果可得知本研究所提出之視覺演算法有不錯的辨識能力,而FSMC在機械手臂之運動控制上亦有良好的控制效果,在未知環境下取出物體座標資訊誤差約在10 %左右,機械手臂各軸皆有0.05°以內之誤差精度。兩者之整合可令此移動機器人俱備與環境互動之智慧功能


    The main research of thesis is the integration of visual servo and the robotic motion platform to establish the robotic interaction ability to environment. The proposed stereo vision algorithm can detect object from the sensor visual range of unknown environment and estimate the 3D coordinates、size and shape information .This stereo vision system is integrated with a Lab made mobile humanoid robot for constructing an intelligent robotic system. The digital signal processor (DSP) is employed to execute the stereo image processing and field programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to monitor robot motion control, for achieving parallel processing and distributed control system architecture.
    Stereo vision system based on disparity map of environment to execute the corresponding stereo matching operation for obtaining the 3D coordinates、size and shape information. The model-free sliding mode fuzzy controller (FSMC) is employed to design the robot arm and platform motion control system. Both distributed system are integrated to construct the proposed low cost interaction ability intelligent robotic system within unknown environment. Experimental results show that the proposed stereo vision algorithms have good recognition ability and accuracy to reach 10 % error of the 3D coordinates information. The FSMC motion control algorithm can manipulate this humanoid robot each joint motion with joint angular error less than 0.05 °. Both system integration can achieve an intelligent mobile robot system with unknown environment integration capability.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 XIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.3 研究動機與目的 5 第二章 系統架構 6 2.1 系統簡介 6 2.2 視覺系統運算平台(Vision System) 8 2.2.1 C6416 DSK發展板 9 2.2.2 影像感測器(Image Sensor) 10 2.2.3 影像擷取及傳輸電路系統(Extract & Transmit Board) 11 2.2.4 頭部機構(Head Assembly Construct) 12 2.3 運動控制運算平台(Motion Control System) 13 2.3.1 Nios II發展板 14 2.3.2 馬達驅動電路(Driver board) 15 2.3.3 輪型移動式雙臂機器人 16 第三章 移動式雙臂機器人運動學理論分析 18 3.1 連桿座標系統與其參數 19 3.2 機械手臂運動學分析 21 3.2.1 正向運動學 23 3.2.2 反向運動學 24 3.3 梯型速度規劃 28 3.4 移動平台 33 第四章 立體視覺系統 34 4.1 IIC通訊介面 36 4.2 CMOS影像傳輸時序控制 38 4.3 影像擷取及傳輸電路系統 40 4.4 影像擷取及傳輸電路系統 41 4.5 色彩內插還原 43 4.6 影像灰階化 45 4.7 扭曲校正 46 4.8 等極線平行校正 48 4.9 影像降維 50 第五章 未知環境內之目標物偵測 51 5.1 影像處理演算法流程 53 5.2 未知環境下物體偵測 55 5.2.1 視差圖 ( Disparity Map ) 56 5.2.2 形態學處理(Morphological Processing) 59 5.2.3 框取未知物體(Locate Unknown Object) 62 5.3 校正已框選物體座標 65 5.3.1 高斯平滑濾波器(Gaussian Smooth Filtering) 66 5.3.2 邊緣檢測(Edge Detection) 67 5.3.3 自動二值化(Automation Binarization) 68 5.3.4 完成修正框選區域(Finish Locate Image Block Inpainting) 69 5.4 立體視覺與座標估測 70 5.4.1 立體對應(Stereo Matching) 73 5.4.2 景深估測(Depth of Field Estimation) 75 5.4.3 三維座標計算(Calculate 3D Coordinate) 77 第六章 機器人運動控制與策略 81 6.1 模糊滑動模式控制 82 6.2 機器人控制策略 86 6.2.1 計算追/避物角度 89 6.2.2 移動至工作空間 91 6.2.3 避障移動至目標物 93 第七章 實驗結果與討論 94 7.1 影像分析實驗 95 7.1.1 視覺系統參數 95 7.1.2 視覺系統效能分析 97 7.1.3 偵測未知物體實驗 98 7.2 運動控制實驗 106 7.2.1 模糊滑動模式控制器之實現 106 7.2.2 單軸步階響應 108 7.2.3 點對點運動控制 112 7.3 影像整合運動控制實驗 117 7.3.1 未知環境內避障與目標物抓取 117 7.3.2 未知環境內找尋與追蹤目標物 119 7.3.3 未知環境內追尋目標並與環境整合互動 120 7.4 實驗結果討論 121 第八章 結論與未來展望 122 8.1 結論 122 8.2 未來展望 123 參考文獻 124 作者簡歷 132

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