[1] H. Ganame, L. Yingzhuang, A. Hamrouni, H. Ghazzai, and H. Chen, “Evolutionary algorithms for 5G Multi-Tier radio access network planning,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 30386-30403, February 2021, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058619.
[2] E. Borcoci, A. -M. Drăgulinescu, F. Y. Li, M. -C. Vochin, and K. Kjellstadli, “An overview of 5G slicing operational business models for internet of vehicles, maritime IoT applications and connectivity solutions,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 156624-156646, November 2021, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3128496.
[3] M. Kaur, M. Z. Khan, S. Gupta and A. Alsaeedi, “Adoption of blockchain with 5G networks for Industrial IoT: Recent advances, challenges, and potential solutions,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 981-997, December 2022,
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3138754.
[4] M. J. Shehab, I. Kassem, A. A. Kutty, M. Kucukvar, N. Onat, and T. Khattab, “5G networks towards smart and sustainable cities: A review of recent developments, applications and future perspectives,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 2987-3006, December 2022, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3139436.
[5] E. Esenogho, K. Djouani, and A. M. Kurien, “Integrating artificial intelligence internet of things and 5G for next-generation smartgrid: A survey of trends challenges and prospect,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 4794-4831, January 2022,
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140595.
[6] E. A. Oyekanlu, A. C. Smith, W. P. Thomas, G. Mulroy, D. Hitesh, D. J. Kuhn, J. D. Mcghinnis, N. A. Looper, M. Ng, A. Ng’oma, W. Liu, P. G. Mcbride, M. G. Shultz, C. Cerasi, and D. Sun, “A review of recent advances in automated guided vehicle technologies: integration challenges and research areas for 5G-Based smart manufacturing applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 202312-202353, November 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3035729.
[7] M. Bärring, O. Iupikov, A. A. Glazunov, M. Ivashina, J. Berglund, B. Johansson, J. Stahre, F. Harrysson, U. Engström, and M. Friis, “Factory radio design of a 5G network in offline mode,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 23095-23109, February 2021,
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3055941.
[8] A. Angelucci, D. Kuller, and A. Aliverti, “A home telemedicine system for continuous respiratory monitoring,” IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1247-1256, April 2021, DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2020.3012621.
[9] K. Wang and W. Nai, “Application of 5G wireless communication technology in hazardous medical waste treatment,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen, China, June 11-13, 2021, pp. 87-90, DOI: 10.1109/SEAI52285.2021.9477538.
[10] M. Yin, A. K. Veldanda, A. Trivedi, J. Zhang, K. Pfeiffer, Y. Hu, S.Garg, E. Erkip, L. Righetti, and S. Rangan, “Millimeter wave wireless assisted robot navigation with link state classification,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 3, pp. 493-507, March 2022, DOI: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2022.3155572.
[11] J. Lee and V. Friderikos, “Interference-aware path planning optimization for multiple UAVs in beyond 5G networks,” Journal of Communications and Networks, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 125-138, April 2022, DOI: 10.23919/JCN.2022.000006.
[12] P. Popovski, K. F. Trillingsgaard, O. Simeone, and G. Durisi, “5G wireless network slicing for eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC: A communication-theoretic view,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 55765-55779, September 2018,
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2872781.
[13] P. Popovski, Č. Stefanović, J. J. Nielsen, E. d. Carvalho, M. Angjelichinoski, K. F. Trillingsgaard, and A. -S. Bana, “Wireless access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC),” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 5783-5801, August 2019, DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2914652.
[14] W. -E. Chen, X. -Y. Fan, and L. -X. Chen, “A CNN-based packet classification of eMBB, mMTC and URLLC applications for 5G,” in Proc. International Conference on Intelligent Computing and its Emerging Applications, Tainan, Taiwan, August 30-September 1, 2019, pp. 140-145, DOI: 10.1109/ICEA.2019.8858305.
[15] S. Guo, B. Lu, M. Wen, S. Dang, and N. Saeed, “Customized 5G and beyond private networks with integrated URLLC, eMBB, mMTC, and positioning for industrial verticals,” IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 52-57, March 2022, DOI: 10.1109/MCOMSTD.0001.2100041.
[16] X. Li, W. Xie, and C. Hu, “Research on 5G URLLC standard and key technologies,” in Proc. Information Communication Technologies Conference, Nanjing, China, May 06-08, 2022, pp. 243-249, DOI: 10.1109/ICTC55111.2022.9778411.
[17] ITU, “IMT vision-framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond,” Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, September 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.2083-0-201509- I!!PDF-E.pdf, Accessed on: May 1, 2022.
[18] P. S. Nithin, N. B. Sai Shibu, S. Sree Lakshmi, and S. Ponnekanti, “Location module for 5G base station to support mobility management of drones,” in Proc. International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems, Coimbatore, India, July 17- 19, 2019, pp. 1336-1340, DOI: 10.1109/ICCES45898.2019.9002520.
[19] J. G. Andrews, S. Buzzi, W. Choi, S. V. Hanly, A. Lozano, A. C. K. Soong, and J. C. Zhang, “What will 5G be?” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1065-1082, June 2014, DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2014.2328098.
[20] M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, T. Haustein, P. Zhu, P. D. Silva, F. Tufvesson, A. Benjebbour, and G.Wunder, “5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1201-1221, June 2017, DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2017.2692307.
[21] B. Akshita, “Modulation schemes for future 5G cellular networks,” International Journal of Computer Networks and Wireless Communications, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 16-22, January 2018.
[22] 3GPP, “System Architecture for the 5G System; Stage 2,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
[23] 3GPP, “Study on New Radio (NR) Access Technology,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
[24] 3GPP, “5G NR; User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.101-1, June 2021, version 15.14.0.
[25] 3GPP, “5G NR; Base Station (BS) Radio Transmission and Reception,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.104, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[26] 3GPP, “5G NR; Physical Layer; General Description,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.201, September 2018, version 15.0.0.
[27] 3GPP, “5G NR; Services Provided by the Physical Layer,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.202, July 2018, version 15.2.0.
[28] 3GPP, “5G NR; Physical Channels and Modulation,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.211, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[29] 3GPP, “5G NR; Multiplexing and Channel Coding,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.212, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[30] 3GPP, “5G NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Control,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.213, April 2019, version 66 15.4.0.
[31] 3GPP, “5G NR; NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.214, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[32] 3GPP, “5G NR; Physical Layer Measurements,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.215, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[33] 3GPP, “5G NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.331, April 2019, version 15.4.0.
[34] A. Ghosh, A. Maeder, M. Baker, and D. Chandramouli, “5G evolution: A view on 5G cellular technology beyond 3GPP Release 15,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 127639-127651, September 2019, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939938.
[35] S. Henry, A. Alsohaily, and E. S. Sousa, “5G is real: Evaluating the compliance of the 3GPP 5G New Radio system with the ITU IMT-2020 Requirements,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 42828-42840, March 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977406.
[36] G. Liu, B. Cai, and W. Xie, “Research on 5G wireless networks and evolution,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, Chengdu, China, August, 04-06, 2021, pp. 1-5,
DOI: 10.1109/BMSB53066.2021.9547155.
[37] X. Liu, D. Wang, M. Wu, and Z. Dong, “Development and application research of 5G private network equipment for ship construction,” in Proc. Asia Symposium on Signal Processing, Beijing, China, November 12-14, 2021, pp. 130-134,
DOI: 10.1109/ASSP54407.2021.00028.
[38] L. Shi, D. Shi, X. Zhang, B. Meunier, H. Zhang, A. Vladimirescu, W. Li, Y. Zhang, J. Cosmas, K. Ali, N. Jawad, R. Zetik, E. Legale, M. Satta, J. Wang, and J. Song, “5G internet of radio light positioning system for indoor broadcasting service,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 534-544, June 2020,
DOI: 10.1109/TBC.2020.2981755.
[39] S. Namba, T. Warabino, and S. Kaneko, “BBU-RRH switching schemes for centralized RAN,” in Proc. International Conference on Communications and Networking in China, Kun Ming, China, August 8-10, 2012, pp. 762-766,
DOI: 10.1109/ChinaCom.2012.6417586.
[40] O-RAN Alliance, “O-RAN Architecture Description,” The Open Radio Access Network Alliance, Technical Specification O-RAN.WG1.O-RAN Architecture Description, July 2022, version 6.0.
[41] O-RAN Alliance, “O-RAN Working Group 4 (Open Fronthaul Interfaces WG) Control, User and Synchronization Plane Specification,” The Open Radio Access Network Alliance, Technical Specification ORAN-WG4.CUS.0, July 2022, version 9.0.
[42] J. Gomes, J. A. L. Silva, and M. E. V. Segatto, “Reducing the 5G fronthaul traffic with O-RAN,” in Proc. SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, Aveiro, Portugal, November 10-14, 2019, pp. 1-3,
DOI: 10.1109/IMOC43827.2019.9317620.
[43] M. Mohsin, J. M. Batalla, E. Pallis, G. Mastorakis, E. K. Markakis, and C. X. Mavromoustakis, “On analyzing beamforming implementation in O-RAN 5G,” Electronics, vol. 10, no. 17, p. 2162, September 2021.
DOI: 10.3390/electronics10172162.
[44] R. R. Olson, “The airborne open system interconnection data link test facility,” in Proc. IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, October 05-08, 1992, pp. 509-513, DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1992.282109.
[45] Y. Li, D. Li, W. Cui, and R. Zhang, “Research based on OSI model,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, Xi’an, China, May 27-29, 2011, pp. 554-557, DOI: 10.1109/ICCSN.2011.6014631.
[46] G. Mountaser, M. L. Rosas, T. Mahmoodi, and M. Dohler, “On the feasibility of MAC and PHY split in cloud RAN,” in Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, March 19-22, 2017, pp. 1-6,
DOI: 10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925770.
[47] 3GPP, “Study on New Radio Access Technology; Radio access architecture and interfaces,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.801, March 2017, version 14.0.0.
[48] 3GPP, “Study on New Radio Access Technology; Radio Interface Protocol Aspects,” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.804, 68 March 2017, version 14.0.0.
[49] 3GPP, “Study on physical layer enhancements for NR ultra-reliable and low latency case (URLLC),” The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification (TS) 38.824, February 2019, version 1.0.1.
[50] “ShareTechnote,” [Online]. Available: http://www.sharetechnote.com/, Accessed on: December 13, 2020.
[51] R. Wang, Y. Peng, H. Qu, W. Li, H. Zhao, and B. Wu, “OpenAirInterface-an effective emulation platform for LTE and LTE-Advanced,” in Proc. International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks, July 08-11, 2014, pp. 127-132,
DOI: 10.1109/ICUFN.2014.6876765.
[52] A. Virdis, N. Iardella, G. Stea, and D. Sabella, “Performance analysis of openairinterface system emulation,” in Proc. International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, August 24-26, 2015, pp. 662-669,
DOI: 10.1109/FiCloud.2015.77.
[53] C. Y. Yeoh, M. H. Mokhtar, A. A. A. Rahman, and A. K. Samingan, “Performance study of LTE experimental testbed using OpenAirInterface,” in Proc. International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Pyeongchang, South Korea, January 31 - February 03, 2016, pp. 1-1, DOI: 10.1109/ICACT.2016.7423493.
[54] H. Shen, X. Wei, H. Liu, Y. Liu, and K. Zheng, “Design and implementation of an LTE system with multi-thread parallel processing on OpenAirInterface platform,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, September 18-21, 2016, pp. 1-5,
DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880957.
[55] V. G. Drozdova and A. A. Kalachikov, “SDR based evaluation of the initial cell search in 5G NR OpenAirInterface implementation,” in Proc. International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems Of Electronic Instrument Engineering, November 19-21, 2021, pp. 248-251, DOI: 10.1109/APEIE52976.2021.9647493.
[56] “Home·Wiki·oai/openairinterface5G·Gitlab,” [Online]. Available:
https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/wikis/home, Accessed on: December 13, 2020.
[57] H. Shen, X. Wei, H. Liu, Y. Liu, and K. Zheng, “Design and implementation of an LTE system with multi-thread parallel processing on OpenAirInterface platform,” in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Montreal, Canada, September 18-21, 2016, pp. 1-5, DOI: 10.1109/VTCFall.2016.7880957.
[58] X. Wei, H. Liu, Z. Geng, K. Zheng, R. Xu, Y. Liu, and P. Chen, “Software defined radio implementation of a non-orthogonal multiple access system towards 5G,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 9604-9613, December 2016, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2634038.
[59] S. Han, Y. Gaur, C. Hahm, and J. Kwon, “On the measurement of thread-level memory usage,” in Proc. International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Madrid, Spain, June 24-26, 2015, pp. 1-2, DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.2015.7177802.
[60] T. Mujahid, A. U. Rahman, and M. M. Khan, “GPU-Accelerated multivariate empirical mode decomposition for massive neural data processing,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 8691-8701, May 2017, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705136.
[61] “Information technology Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),” [Online]. Available: https://www.iso.org/standard/50516.html, Accessed on: December 13, 2020.
[62] M. A. N. Al-hayanni, F. Xia, A. Rafiev, A. Romanovsky, R. Shafik, and A. Yakovlev, “Amdahl’s law in the context of heterogeneous many-core systems – a survey,” IET Computers & Digital Techniques, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 133-148, June 2020, DOI: 10.1049/iet-cdt.2018.5220.
[63] S. Han, Y. Yun, and Y. H. Kim, “Profiling-based task graph extraction on multiprocessor system-on-chip,” in Proc. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Jeju, South Korea, October 25-28, 2016, pp. 510-513,
DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS.2016.7804016.
[64] J. L. Gustafson, “Reevaluating Amdahl’s law,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 532-533, May 1988.
[65] K. Vipin and S. A. Fahmy, “FPGA dynamic and partial reconfiguration: a survey of architectures methods and applications,” ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1-39, July 2018. DOI: 10.1145/3193827.
[66] A. Aalsaud, A. Rafiev, F. Xia, R. Shafik, and A. Yakovlev, “Model-free runtime management of concurrent workloads for energy-efficient many-core heterogeneous systems,” in Proc. International Symposium on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, Platja d’Aro, Spain, July 02-04, 2018, pp. 206-213, DOI: 10.1109/PATMOS.2018.8464142.
[67] P. Jung, “Turbo-codes for future mobile radio applications,” in Proc. International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications - Proceedings. Spread Technology to Africa, Sun City, South, September 04-04, 1998, pp. 358 vol.2-,
DOI: 10.1109/ISSSTA.1998.723805.
[68] C. Berrou, R. Pyndiah, P. Adde, C. Douillard, and R. Le Bidan, “An overview of turbo codes and their applications,” in Proc. The European Conference on Wireless Technology, Paris, France, October 03-04, 2005, pp. 1-9,
DOI: 10.1109/ECWT.2005.1617639.
[69] J. Bas, “Defining Turbo Codes as irregular LDPC codes,” in Proc. International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, Ilmenau, Germany, August 27-30, 2013, pp. 1-2.
[70] Y. Xue and H. Xiang, “Performance analysis of finite-length LDPC codes,” IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, Rome, Italy, June 15-18, 2003, pp. 85-89, DOI: 10.1109/SPAWC.2003.1318927.
[71] H. Zhong and T. Zhang, “Block-LDPC: A practical LDPC coding system design approach,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 766-775, April 2005, DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.844113.
[72] X. Tao, L. Zheng, W. Liu, and D. Liu, “Recursive design of high girth (2,k) LDPC codes from (k,k) LDPC codes,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 70-72, January 2011, DOI: 10.1109/LCOMM.2010.112310.101867.
[73] L. Richter, “5G New Radio LDPC extensions for multimedia broadcast multicast service,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, Paris, France, October 27-29, 2020, pp. 1-6,
DOI: 10.1109/BMSB49480.2020.9379390.
[74] S. Lee, S. Park, B. Jang, and I. -C. Park, “Multi-Mode QC-LDPC decoding architecture with novel memory access scheduling for 5G New-Radio standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 2035-2048, May 2022, DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2022.3150022.
[75] T. T. B. Nguyen, T. N. Tan, and H. Lee, “Low-Complexity High-Throughput QC-LDPC decoder for 5G New Radio wireless communication,” Electronics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1-18, February 2021, DOI: 10.3390/electronics10040516.