GDI 引擎分層燃燒控制二次噴油觀察對於不同點火時間點之研究

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研究生：	羅法亘 Fa-Hsuan Lwo
論文名稱：	GDI 引擎分層燃燒控制二次噴油觀察對於不同點火時間點之研究 Experimental Study on the Two Times Injection Combine Stratified and Homogeneous Charge Operation of a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
指導教授：	姜嘉瑞 Chia-Jui Chiang
口試委員:	陳亮光邱勝瑋
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2021
畢業學年度：	109
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	144
中文關鍵詞：	分層燃燒、二次噴射、點火時間點、噴油比例、引擎實驗室建置、缸內直噴
外文關鍵詞：	two-times injection,, Spark timing, layout and instruments of engine Laboratory
相關次數：	點閱：163 下載：4
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本論文將會介紹到引擎實驗室的建置、實驗手法等，本次實驗所採用的是以排氣量1500 c.c. 的四汽缸之四行程引擎，該引擎具有缸內直噴(Gasoline Direct Injection,GDI)、可變正時汽門(Variable Valve Timing, VVT)、渦輪增壓(Turbo charger) 的功能，其中本實驗引擎在進行分層燃燒的操作點運作時，是以wall-guided 的形式，間接的將油氣傳遞至火星塞周圍做點火，用相同的總噴油量控制噴油嘴進行二次噴射。實驗主要調控的是汽油二次噴射的各自的噴油時間點以及比例，進行分層燃燒時，不同的二次噴射比例對於不同點火時間點的影響之研究。本研究發現在二次噴射中，可有限度的增加在進氣行程中的噴油量，以增進分層燃燒時引擎的扭力，及彌補運轉時穩定性的不足。引擎產出性能表現方面發現，在空燃比較濃的操作點下，引擎性能以及BSFC 的表現較佳。廢氣的組成方面，可以利用改變噴油比例的手法，抑制廢氣中NO、HC 的生成量；若往更稀薄空燃比推進，可能會有因油氣團較稀而點火不易的情況發生，因此在引擎穩定性足夠的情況下，適時的減少噴油量及更改噴油比例是更佳的手段。
總結來說，不同比例在二次噴射應用在空燃比較濃的操作點有較佳性能表現；應用在空燃比較稀的操作點則能有限的彌補性能不足，以及抑制HC、NO 的生成量。

This thesis will introduce the layout and the instruments of engine Laboratory. This experiment runs by a four stroke, four cylinder 1500 cubic centimeters engine, which mechanism included Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI), Variable Valve Timing(VVT) and Turbocharger in this engine. Inject fuel type of this GDI engine is wall-guided , which will inject atomization fuel surrounded spark plug. With the same amount of fuel but split into two time’s injection.

This experiment mainly control different amount of fuel inject at intake stroke and compression stroke. First fuel inject happen at intake stroke, and the other fuel inject happen at compression stroke. Also, by control Spark Timing (ST) for observing performance and heat release. In heat release result. If inject too less fuel at compression stroke cause engine runs under unstable condition. Increase inject quantities of fuel with limits when intake stroke.

Not only helps stabilize engine, but also improve insufficient torque output. In engine’s performance result, when engine running at lower Air-fuel-ratio(AFR) are better than running at high AFR in Brake Mean Effective Pressure(BMEP) or Brake-Specific fuel consumption (BSFC). In Emission Analysis result. By adjust inject different quantities between intake stroke and quantities of compression stroke, which will influence temperature in cylinder.

It could also control quantities between Hydrocarbon(HC) and Nitric-Oxide(NO) (Relation between of HC and NO is opposite tendency).
To sum up, different fuel ratio of two-times inject apply on lower AFR has better performance. Apply on higher AFR could save some performance, and also restrain engine to produce HC in some cases.

摘要.................................................................................................................................... i
英文摘要............................................................................................................................ ii
致謝.................................................................................................................................... iv
目錄.................................................................................................................................... viii
圖目錄................................................................................................................................ xvi
表目錄................................................................................................................................ xvii
第一章導論...................................................................................................................... 1
1 研究背景........................................................................................................... 1
2 文獻回顧........................................................................................................... 3
3 研究動機與目的............................................................................................... 4
4 論文架構........................................................................................................... 5
第二章實驗設備介紹...................................................................................................... 6
1 實驗平台配置................................................................................................... 6
2 實驗引擎........................................................................................................... 7
3 快速開發套件之ECU-Mototron ..................................................................... 7
3.1 Mototron 128 pin ECU ..................................................................... 8
3.2 MATLAB Simulink .......................................................................... 9
3.3 MotoTune.......................................................................................... 9
v
目錄
4 數據即時量測系統........................................................................................... 11
4.1 Xpc-Target ........................................................................................ 11
4.2 擷取卡............................................................................................... 13
5 儀器................................................................................................................... 15
5.1 引擎動力計....................................................................................... 15
5.2 曲軸位置角度編碼器....................................................................... 18
5.3 燃油流量計....................................................................................... 19
5.4 汽缸壓力量測系統........................................................................... 20
5.5 火星塞式汽缸壓力計....................................................................... 20
5.6 電荷放大器....................................................................................... 22
6 感知器............................................................................................................... 23
6.1 寬域空燃比計................................................................................... 23
6.2 廢氣分析儀....................................................................................... 24
6.3 進氣壓力計....................................................................................... 25
6.4 排氣壓力計....................................................................................... 26
6.5 熱電偶K-type 排氣溫度計及溫度紀錄器..................................... 28
6.6 熱膜式進氣流量計........................................................................... 30
7 致動器............................................................................................................... 32
7.1 電子節氣門....................................................................................... 32
7.2 火星塞高壓線圈............................................................................... 33
7.3 高壓共軌噴油系統........................................................................... 34
7.4 高壓汽油泵、油軌........................................................................... 34
7.5 噴油嘴驅動器................................................................................... 36
vi
目錄
7.6 高壓噴油嘴....................................................................................... 37
7.7 可變氣門正時系統........................................................................... 38
7.8 凸輪軸............................................................................................... 39
7.9 進排氣閥門....................................................................................... 39
7.10 機油控制閥....................................................................................... 40
第三章燃燒分析計算...................................................................................................... 41
1 汽缸體積模型................................................................................................... 42
2 汽缸缸內溫度模型........................................................................................... 44
3 熱釋放方程式................................................................................................... 45
3.1 熱釋放曲線擬合............................................................................... 48
4 汽缸缸壁之熱傳方程式................................................................................... 49
5 引擎功率計算................................................................................................... 51
5.1 指示功計算....................................................................................... 51
5.2 平均有效壓力計算........................................................................... 52
6 變異係數計算................................................................................................... 55
第四章實驗結果與討論.................................................................................................. 56
1 研究要項敘述與參數設定............................................................................... 56
1.1 實驗限制........................................................................................... 57
1.2 實驗操作點....................................................................................... 57
1.3 實驗手法........................................................................................... 60
2 缸壓................................................................................................................... 61
3 P-V 圖............................................................................................................... 65
3.1 泵損................................................................................................... 69
vii
目錄
4 引擎輸出MEP 結果........................................................................................ 73
4.1 BMEP 比較....................................................................................... 73
4.2 IMEP net 比較.................................................................................. 75
4.3 FMEP 比較....................................................................................... 77
4.4 PMEP 比較....................................................................................... 79
4.5 變異係數結果................................................................................... 81
5 引擎在BSFC 的結果....................................................................................... 83
6 熱釋放結果....................................................................................................... 85
6.1 缸內溫度........................................................................................... 85
6.2 總熱釋放率....................................................................................... 91
6.3 燃燒時間........................................................................................... 92
6.4 單位角度總熱釋放率擬合結果....................................................... 97
7 廢氣分析結果................................................................................................... 115
7.1 碳氫化合物....................................................................................... 115
7.2 一氧化氮........................................................................................... 118
7.3 一氧化碳、二氧化碳....................................................................... 120
第五章結論...................................................................................................................... 122
1 實驗檢討........................................................................................................... 124
2 未來展望........................................................................................................... 124
參考文獻............................................................................................................................ 126
viii
                                

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