具備最佳頻率追蹤之鋰離子電池弦波電流充電器研製｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	陳俊霖 Chun-Lin Chen
論文名稱：	具備最佳頻率追蹤之鋰離子電池弦波電流充電器研製 Sinusoidal Charger with Optimized Frequency Tracking for Li-ion Batteries
指導教授：	劉益華 Yi-Hua Liu
口試委員:	鄧人豪 Jen-Hao Teng 邱煌仁 Huang-Jen Chiu 王順忠 Shun-Chung Wang 羅一峰 Yi-Feng Luo 劉益華 Yi-Hua Liu
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電機工程系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2022
畢業學年度：	110
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	99
中文關鍵詞：	弦波電流充電、鋰離子電池、快速充電技術、線上最佳阻抗追蹤
外文關鍵詞：	Sinusoidal Charging, Li-ion Batteries, Fast Charging Technique, On-line Optimized Impedance Tracking
相關次數：	點閱：183 下載：6
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本論文之目的在研製一可追蹤鋰離子電池最佳頻率的弦波電流充電器。本論文首先針對各種不同型號以及不同老化程度之鋰離子電池進行最佳阻抗頻率追蹤，以期達到縮短充電時間以及增加充電效率之目標。本論文所開發之充電器其數位控制核心使用德州儀器公司所產的F280049C控制器，並利用Powell 演算法在電池充電容量為0%、15%與30%時快速搜尋最佳弦波充電電流頻率，以確保充電時的阻抗最低。本充電器電路架構使用場效電晶體作為電壓電流轉換器，並透過數位有限脈衝響應濾波器與比例積分控制器來穩定充電電流，本充電機可提供最大21W 充電功率。實驗結果證明所提的弦波電流充電方法相較於傳統的定電流定電壓充電法，可縮短3.66%充電時間，降低1.08%充電損失以及減少27.16%溫升。

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a sinusoidal charger that can track the optimized frequency of Li-ion batteries. In this study, the optimized AC impedance frequency tracking is firstly carried out for various types of lithium-ion batteries with different aging degrees to achieve the goal of shortening the charging time and increasing the charging efficiency. The digital control core of the charger developed in this thesis uses the F280049C digital signal controller (DSC) produced by Texas Instruments and adopts the Powell algorithm to quickly search for the best sinusoidal charging current frequency when the battery state-of-charge (SOC) is 0%, 15% and 30%, which ensures the lowest impedance during charging. The proposed prototyping circuit uses field effect transistors as voltage-to-current converters and utilizes digital finite impulse response filters and proportional-integral controllers to stabilize
the charging current. The charger can provide a maximum charging power of 21W. The experimental results show that the proposed sinusoidal charger can shorten the charging time by 3.66%, reduce the charging loss by 1.08% and reduce the temperature rise by 27.16% compared with the traditional constant current and constant voltage charging method.

摘要 ............................................................................................................. i
Abstract ...................................................................................................... ii
誌謝 ........................................................................................................... iii
目錄 ............................................................................................................. v
圖目錄 ..................................................................................................... viii
表目錄 ...................................................................................................... xii
第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與目標 ....................................................................... 1
1.2 文獻探討 ................................................................................... 2
1.3 論文大綱 ................................................................................... 3
第二章 鋰離子電池與充電技術介紹 ................................................... 4
2.1 鋰離子電池介紹 ....................................................................... 4
2.2 二次電池專有名詞介紹 ............................................................. 4
2.3 二次電池充電技術介紹 ............................................................. 7
2.3.1 定電流-定電壓充電法(CCCV) ...................................... 7
2.3.2 衍生型定電流-定電壓充電法 ....................................... 8
2.3.3 脈波充電法(Pulse Charging) ........................................ 10
2.3.4 弦波充電法 ................................................................... 10
2.4 本文選用電池介紹 ................................................................... 11
第三章 鋰離子電池建模與電化學阻抗介紹 ..................................... 15
3.1 鋰離子電池等效電路模型 ....................................................... 15
3.1.1 線性電池等效電路模型 ............................................... 15
3.1.2 戴維寧電池等效電路模型 ........................................... 16
3.1.3 鋰離子電池交流阻抗模型 ........................................... 16
vi
3.2 鋰離子電池交流阻抗分析與量測模組介紹 ........................... 17
第四章 弦波充電機系統架構 ............................................................. 19
4.1 硬體架構圖 ............................................................................... 19
4.2 波形產生器與電池充電電路介紹 ........................................... 20
4.4 韌體程式流程圖 ....................................................................... 22
4.5 韌體主要功能介紹 ................................................................... 23
4.5.1 通用非同步收發器 ........................................................ 23
4.5.2 串列周邊介面 ................................................................ 24
4.5.3 有限脈衝響應濾波器 .................................................... 24
4.5.4 比例積分控制器 ............................................................ 25
4.6 量測驗證平台 ........................................................................... 25
第五章 最佳化演算法 ......................................................................... 28
5.1 最佳化演算法分類 ................................................................... 28
5.2 預取樣二次近似法 ................................................................... 30
5.3 預取樣雙斜率法 ....................................................................... 33
5.4 變步擾動觀察法 ....................................................................... 36
5.5 Powell 法 .................................................................................... 39
第六章 模擬與實驗結果 ..................................................................... 42
6.1 模擬結果 .................................................................................... 42
6.1.1 模擬平台介紹 ................................................................ 42
6.1.2 預取樣二次近似法模擬結果 ........................................ 45
6.1.3 預取樣雙斜率法模擬結果 ............................................ 45
6.1.4 變步擾動觀察法模擬結果 ............................................ 45
6.1.5 Powell 法模擬結果 ......................................................... 46
6.1.6 四種演算法模擬結果比較 ............................................ 46
vii
6.2 實驗結果 ................................................................................... 52
6.2.1 實驗儀器與實驗條件說明 ............................................ 52
6.2.2 充電電壓與充電電流曲線 ............................................ 54
6.2.3 充電電流波形 ................................................................ 57
6.2.4 鋰電池內阻與剩餘容量關係 ........................................ 58
6.2.5 充電損失與電池剩餘容量關係 .................................... 59
第七章 結論與未來展望 ..................................................................... 62
7.1 結論............................................................................................ 62
7.2 未來展望 ................................................................................... 63
參考文獻 ................................................................................................... 64
附錄一 最低阻抗頻率搜尋模擬結果 .................................................... 67
附錄1.1 預取樣二次近似法模擬結果 .................................. 67
附錄1.2 預取樣雙斜率法模擬結果 ...................................... 71
附錄1.3 變步擾動觀察法模擬結果 ...................................... 75
附錄1.4 Powell 法模擬結果 ................................................... 79
附錄二 實驗結果溫度資料 .................................................................... 83
                                

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