石墨烯量子點（GQDs）是直徑小於100nm的碳奈米結晶體。由於量子侷限和邊界效應，石墨烯量子點具有優異的性能，包括可調控的螢光特性，在水中有良好的分散性和優異的生物相容性。因此，GQD在螢光成像，藥物輸送和感測領域已被廣泛應用。這就是為什麼石墨烯量子點吸引了越來越多的關注。但是，該如何合成石墨烯量子點呢？一般的合成方法可以分為top down和bottom up。top down是將大的塊材切割成小型結構，如化學氧化還原法，電化學法以及機械法等，但缺點為產品不易控制尺寸和形狀。相反地，bottom up是利用小分子通過聚合反應形成大分子結構，常用的方法如微波，熱和水熱法等，雖然量子點的合成容易控制表面結構，但涉及復雜的程序和高溫製程，因此不利於量產化。在這裡，我們提出了一種簡單，節能，可規模生產的途徑，通過機械化學輔助固相剝離合成石墨烯量子點，該剝離過程是石墨和氧化劑的混合物藉由高能球磨來操作。石墨烯量子點的平均大小約為3.03nm。它們是典型的藍光，量子產率約為2.23％。通過改變物理參數如時間和轉速，我們發現它們是控制石墨烯量子點產量的因素。石墨烯量子點的產量與物理參數有正相關。此外，我們改變不同的試劑以探索化學參數的影響。首先討論了氧化劑的pH值效應。我們發現氧化劑的pH值越高，石墨烯量子點的產量越高。其次，我們觀察到氧化劑離子的莫耳密度越高，石墨烯量子點的產率越高。第三，我們注意到氧化劑的離子半徑越大，石墨烯量子點的量子產率越高。最後，我們利用PL光譜分析觀察在高能球磨中使用不同試劑作為氧化劑所合成的石墨烯量子點的螢光放射波長。大多數石墨烯量子點具有典型的435至445nm的藍色放光。然而，高能球磨中用碳酸鉀作為氧化劑所合成的石墨烯量子點的放射波長發生紅位移。這是由含氧基團和量子限侷限效應所導致。

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon nanocrystals with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Due to quantum confinement and edge effects, GQDs have excellent properties, including tunable PL property, good water solubility, and excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, GQDs have been widely applied in the field of fluorescence imaging, drug delivery and sensing. That is why GQDs have attracted an increasing attention. The general synthesis method can be divided into top-down and bottom-up. The method of top-down is to cut a large block into small structures such as chemical redox method and electrochemical method as well as mechanical method, etc. However, the disadvantage is that the product is not easy to control the size and shape. Conversely, bottom-up is the use of small molecules through the polymerization reaction to form a macromolecular structure, common methods such as microwave, heat and hydrothermal method, although the synthesis of quantum dots easy to control the surface structure, but involves complex procedures and high temperature process, not easy to mass production. Here, we presented a facile, energy -efficient, scalable route to synthesize GQDs by mechanochemical assisted solid exfoliations which were operated by high energy ball milling a mixture of graphite and oxidant. The average size of GQDs was about 3.03nm. They were typical blue emission with QY around 2.23%. Though changing physical parameters such as time and rotational speed, we found that they were factors to control the yield of GQDs. The yield of GQDs was proportional physical parameters. Further, we changed different reagents to explore the effect of chemical parameters. First, the pH value of oxidant effect was discussed. We found that the higher pH value of oxidant, the higher yield of GQDs. Second, we observed that the higher molar density of oxidant ions, the higher yield of GQDs. Third, we noticed that the larger ion radius of oxidant, the higher QY of GQDs. Finally, we used PL spectrum analysis to observe the PL emission of GQDs which were synthesized by high energy ball milling with different reagent as oxidant. Most GQDs possessed typical blue emission of 435 to 445nm. However, the peak of GQDs which were synthesized by high energy ball milling with K2CO3 as oxidant was red shift. This was caused by oxygen containing group and quantum confinement.

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