牡蠣殼灰和FGD石膏對F型飛灰基無機聚合物漿體工程性質之影響 碩士生 ：洪梅星 指導教授：張大鵬 博士 時間 ：民國一O九年七月 摘要
這項研究探討了用煅燒的牡蠣殼灰（OSA）和FGD石膏部分替代F級飛灰（FFA）對基於FFA的無機聚合物工程性能的影響。在這項研究中，牡蠣殼（CaCO3）在800°C的溫度下燃燒3小時後，經過完全脫碳分解成氧化鈣（CaO），然後磨成粉末，被稱為煅燒牡蠣殼灰。另一方面，FGD石膏（CaSO4.2H20）是從現代火力發電廠的排煙脫硫（FGD）系統獲得的石膏，然後在50°C加熱3小時。與普通鹼性溶液相比，氧化鈣（CaO）可以用作較經濟性之替代鹼性活化劑。 OSA-FFA與鹼溶液的水化機理首先是CaO在OSA中的溶解以與H2O反應形成Ca（OH）2。 CaO的水化作用增加了熱量，從而加速了活性SiO2在FFA中的溶解，從而生成了水化矽酸鈣（C-S-H）凝膠，這有助於提高無機聚合物在早期的抗壓強度。
用OSA和FGD石膏部分替代FFA會降低OSA-FGD-FFA無機聚合物漿體的工作性，凝結時間和收縮率，但會增加其熱傳導係數。發現最佳混合比例是使用2.5wt ％ OSA，1wt ％FGD石膏和添加的水膠比（Aw/Bi）為0.03的混合物。硬化的OSA-FGD-FFA無基聚合物漿體的最佳28天抗壓強度約為35.9 MPa。矽酸鈉的模數為2.0，在OSA為5％或更低時顯示出最高的強度；然而，當使用超過5％的OSA時，矽酸鈉的模數優選為2.5。 XRD，SEM，EDS的微觀結構分析表明，BHS7.5混合物中OSA-FFA無機聚合物漿體的水化產物主要是鋁矽酸鹽和C-S-H凝膠。另一方面，OSA-FGD-FFA無機聚合物漿體的水化產物主要是石英，C-S-H凝膠，C-A-S-H凝膠和N-A-S-H凝膠，這提高了後期的抗壓強度。
關鍵字：F級飛灰，牡蠣殼灰，FGD石膏，矽酸鈉模數，水膠比比例，抗壓強度，鹼活化劑，無機聚合物。

Influences of Oyster Shell Ash and FGD Gypsum on Engineering Properties of Class F Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Paste
Student : Stella Patricia Angdiarto
Thesis advisor: Ta-Peng Chang, Ph.D. Date : July 2020
Abstract
This study explores the influences of partially replacing class F fly ash (FFA) with calcined oyster shell ash (OSA) and FGD gypsum on the engineering properties of FFA based geopolymer paste. In this study, raw oyster shell (CaCO3) after burning at temperature of 800°C for 3 hours to decompose into calcium oxide (CaO) from complete decarbonation and then grinding into powder is referred to as calcined oyster shell ash. On the other hand, FGD gypsum (CaSO4.2H20) is the gypsum obtained from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems of modern power plants and then heated at 50°C for 3 hours. Calcium oxide (CaO) can be used as an economical alternative alkaline activator as compared with that of common alkaline solutions. The hydration mechanism of OSA-FFA with alkali solution is at first the dissolution of CaO in OSA to react with H2O to form Ca(OH)2. The hydration of CaO increases the heat to accelerate the dissolution of the active SiO2 in FFA to produce the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which serves to improve the compressive strength of geopolymer at early ages. Partial replacement of FFA with OSA and FGD gypsum decreases the workability, setting time and shrinkage of OSA-FGD-FFA geopolymer paste, but increases its thermal conductivity. As being explored with respect to the development of compressive strength of OSA-FFA geopolymer paste, the optimum mixture was found to be using the amounts of 2.5 wt.% OSA, 1 wt.% FGD gypsum, and added water to binder ratio (Aw/Bi) of 0.03. The optimum 28-day compressive strength of hardened OSA-FGD-FFA geopolymer paste was approximately 35.9 MPa. Modulus of sodium silicate of 2.0 demonstrated the highest strength with OSA of 5% or less; however, when over 5% of OSA was used, the modulus of sodium silicate of 2.5 was preferred. The microstructural analyses of XRD, SEM, EDS indicated that the hydration products of OSA-FFA geopolymer paste in mixture BHS7.5 were mainly the alumino silicate, and C-S-H gel. On the other hand, the hydration products of OSA-FGD-FFA geopolymer paste were mainly the quartz, C-S-H gel, C-A-S-H gel, and N-A-S-H gel, which improved the compressive strength at later ages.
Keywords: Class F Fly ash, Oyster shell ash, FGD gypsum, modulus of sodium silicate, added water to binder ratio, compressive strength, alkali activator, geopolymer.

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