組織工程的目標是解決手術治療中所面臨的挑戰，例如捐贈器官短缺和器官移植引起的免疫排斥反應。因此，體外培養組織或人造器官成為新興的發展方向。近年來，有許多研究提出利用 3D 生物列印技術製備的人體組織或器官，進而訓練印製的人造組織或器官，確保其功能能夠應用於患者身上。而生物支架常見的材料有明膠、膠原蛋白、和海藻酸鈉等天然聚合物，該材料能夠提供優異的生物相容性以降低人體的免疫排斥反應。因此，本研究著重地發展 3D 生物列印技術將心肌細胞印製於膠原蛋白支架，且使用不同條件下製備的基材及緩衝溶液來進行誘導膠原蛋白纖維。此外，利用不同方式誘導方式製備具有 D-banding 結構的膠原蛋白纖維，其該特殊結構可提高心肌細胞的分化效率。
　　本研究成功地開發出 3D 生物列印機，利用該機台所印製的心肌細胞於膠原蛋白薄膜與支架且具良好的生物相容性。透過調整與校正列印機台的參數，最適化列印速度 5 mm/s 及每層厚度 0.05 mm 可印製結構完整的膠原蛋白支架於雲母片上。本研究利用 AFM 觀察印製的膠原蛋白支架的表面形態，結果觀察可發現膠原蛋白可形成具有 D-banding 結構的纖維。此外，利用3D生物列印機將細胞印製於膠原蛋白纖維組織，細胞能更穩定的貼附於膠原蛋白纖維組織。在進行 3D 生物列印組織和器官時，根據研究結果得到的最佳化層厚可以提升列印的器官功能性和品質。這項研究的成果對於開發可用於組織工程和再生醫學的生物列印技術具有重要意義，為未來創造更多的應用潛力。

The objective of tissue engineering is to solve the challenges faced by surgical treatment such as the shortage of donated organs and immune rejection caused by organ transplantation. Therefore, culturing tissues or artificial organs in vitro has become an emerging development direction. In recent years, many studies have proposed that human tissues or organs are prepared by 3D bioprinting technology. And then culturing in vitro to train the printed human tissues to ensure that the printed tissues or organs can be applied to the required functions of the patient. Natural polymers such as gelatin, collagen, and sodium alginate are widely applied in the preparation of bio-scaffold, which can provide excellent biocompatibility to reduce immune rejection in the human body. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of 3D bioprinting technology to print cardiomyocytes on collagen scaffolds, and uses substrates and buffer solutions prepared under different conditions to induce collagen fibers. Furthermore, collagen fibers with D-banding structure were prepared by different induction methods, and this special structure can improve the differentiation efficiency of cardiomyocytes.
This study successfully developed a 3D bioprinting machine, and the cardiomyocytes printed on this machine have good biocompatibility with the collagen film and scaffold. By adjusting and calibrating the parameters of the printing machine, the optimal printing speed is 5 mm/s and the thickness of each layer is 0.05 mm, and the collagen scaffold with complete structure can be printed on the mica sheet. In this study, AFM was used to observe the surface morphology of 3d-bioprinted collagen scaffolds, and it was found that collagen can form fibers with D-banding structure. In addition, cells can be more stably attached to the collagen fibrils scaffold by using 3D bioprinter to print the cells on the collagen fibrils scaffold. In the future, when 3D bioprinting tissues and organs, the optimized layer thickness obtained according to the research results can improve the functionality and quality of printed organs. The results of this research are of great significance for the development of bioprinting technology that can be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, creating more application potential for the future.

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