COVID-19 為近幾年來的流行疾病，其傳播能力和變異株也不斷出現。因此針對病毒檢測與中和抗體檢測有其重要的意義。病毒檢測能夠得知有過病毒接觸史的人是否有確診，進而有效隔離、防堵。中和抗體檢測能夠得知自身打過疫苗後，對於病毒的反抗能力，進而評估自身是否能外出、甚至出國。
然而，一般檢測需要花很長的時間。在需要大量檢測的情況下，快篩成為重要的檢測方式，雖然精準度會比一般 PCR 低，但可以縮短大量的檢測時間。雖然試片可以過濾掉紅血球，但過濾的純度有限，若紅血球沒有過濾完全，試片便會出現溶血問題，導致量測結果的誤差增大甚至無法進行有效測量。本研究主要探討解決試片溶血問題。因此本研究設計了一低成本、小體積的離心機，搭配孔徑為 2mm 的特殊毛細管，應用在指尖血的分離上，可分離成血球、血清兩部分，再使用血清的部分滴入試片做快篩分析，因為滴入的檢體沒有紅血球成分，因此試片不會出現溶血現象，可以有效解決試片溶血的問題。
本實驗分為兩個部分，第一部分為離心機的比對，將市售離心機和自製離心機做比對，並比較出離心加速度與分離率的關係。第二部分為全血、血清的比對，在同一款試片上，滴入相同劑量的全血、血清，比較在試片中的中和抗體濃度。於快篩檢測上，本文提出的指尖血液分離方法，以及實現簡易的血液分離，在未來的醫學上，可透過此應用，使醫療檢測能變得更快速、更便利，或在偏鄉醫療使用上，能夠盡量達到與一般醫院相同的檢測，經由量測結果使能及時給與適當的醫療方式。

COVID-19 is an epidemic disease in recent years, and its transmissibility and variant strains have also emerged. Therefore, it is of great significance for virus detection and neutralizing antibody detection. Virus detection can tell whether people who have been exposed to the virus have been diagnosed, and then effectively isolate and prevent blockages. Neutralizing antibody detection can know the ability to resist the virus after being vaccinated,and then evaluate whether you can go out or even go abroad.
However, detection generally takes a long time. When a large number of tests are required, rapid screening has become an important detection method. Although the accuracy will be lower than that of general PCR, it can shorten a lot of detection time. Although the test strip can filter out the red blood cells, the purity of the filtration is limited. If the red blood cells are not completely filtered, the test strip will have hemolysis problems, resulting in increased errors in the measurement results or even ineffective measurement. This study mainly discusses the solution to the problem of hemolysis of the test piece. Therefore, this study designed a low-cost, small-volume centrifuge, equipped with a special capillary tube with a pore diameter of 2 mm, which was applied to the separation of fingertip blood. Quick
screening analysis, because the instilled sample has no red blood cell components, so the test piece will not appear hemolysis, which can effectively solve the problem of hemolysis of the test piece.
This experiment is divided into two parts. The first part is the comparison of centrifuges.The commercial centrifuges and the self-made centrifuges are compared, and the relationship between centrifugal acceleration and separation rate is compared. The second part is the comparison of whole blood and serum. On the same test piece, the same dose of whole blood and serum is dropped to compare the neutralizing antibody concentration in the test piece. In the rapid screening test, the fingertip blood separation method proposed in this paper and the realization of simple blood separation can be used in future medicine to make medical testing
faster and more convenient, or in rural medical treatment. In use, it is possible to achieve the same detection as a general hospital as much as possible, and through the measurement results, appropriate medical treatment can be given in a timely manner.

[1] P. A. Kristiansen, M. Page, V. Bernasconi, G. Mattiuzzo, P. Dull, K. Makar, S. Plotkin,
and I. Knezevic, “WHO international standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin,” The Lancet, vol. 397, no. 10282, pp. 1347–1348, 2021.
[2] D. L. Buhrman, P. I. Price, and P. J. Rudewicz, “Quantitation of sr 27417 in human
plasma using electrospray liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a study
of ion suppression,” Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol. 7,
no. 11, pp. 1099–1105, 1996.
[3] W. S. Mielczarek, E. Obaje, T. Bachmann, and M. Kersaudy-Kerhoas, “Microfluidic
blood plasma separation for medical diagnostics: is it worth it?” Lab on a Chip, vol. 16,
no. 18, pp. 3441–3448, 2016.
[4] M. Kersaudy-Kerhoas and E. Sollier, “Micro-scale blood plasma separation: from
acoustophoresis to egg-beaters,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 3323–3346, 2013.
[5] T. Songjaroen, W. Dungchai, O. Chailapakul, C. S. Henry, and W. Laiwattanapaisal,
“Blood separation on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices,” Lab on a Chip,
vol. 12, no. 18, pp. 3392–3398, 2012.
[6] D. Helm and C. Hepburn, “The age of electricity,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 183–196, 2019.
[7] B. S. Schlessinger and J. H. Schlessinger, The Who’s Who of Nobel Prize Winners, 1901-
1995. Oryx Press Phoenix, AZ, 1996.
[8] Z. Dong, Y. Pan, Z. Zhang, Y. Dong, and X. Huang, “Model-free adaptive control law
for nuclear superheated-steam supply systems,” Energy, vol. 135, pp. 53–67, 2017.
[9] C. S. Wilcox, Therapy in Nephrology and Hypertension. Elsevier Health Sciences,
2008.
[10] S. Baik, D. W. Kim, Y. Park, T.-J. Lee, S. Ho Bhang, and C. Pang, “A wet-tolerant
adhesive patch inspired by protuberances in suction cups of octopi,” Nature, vol. 546,
no. 7658, pp. 396–400, 2017.
[11] M. F. Ulum, L. Maylina, D. Noviana, and D. H. B. Wicaksono, “EDTA-treated cottonthread microfluidic device used for one-step whole blood plasma separation and assay,”
Lab on a Chip, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1492–1504, 2016.
[12] O. Pabst, “New concepts in the generation and functions of IgA,” Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 821–832, 2012.
[13] G.-T. Zhai, H. Wang, J.-X. Li, P.-P. Cao, W.-X. Jiang, J. Song, Y. Yao, Z.-C. Wang,
Z.-Z. Wang, M.-C. Wang et al., “IgD-activated mast cells induce IgE synthesis in B
cells in nasal polyps,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 142, no. 5, pp.
1489–1499, 2018.
[14] D. L. Mallery, W. A. McEwan, S. R. Bidgood, G. J. Towers, C. M. Johnson, and L. C.
James, “Antibodies mediate intracellular immunity through tripartite motif-containing
21,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, no. 46, pp. 19 985–
19 990, 2010.
[15] R. Geisberger, M. Lamers, and G. Achatz, “The riddle of the dual expression of IgM
and IgD,” Immunology, vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 429–437, 2006.
[16] J. Houghton, The Physics of Atmospheres. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
[17] N. Cressie and H. Whitford, “How to use the two sample t-test,” Biometrical Journal,
vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 131–148, 1986.
[18] J. Trommersh, L. T. Maloney, and M. S. Landy, “Decision making, movement planning
and statistical decision theory,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 291–
297, 2008.
[19] V. E. Johnson, “Revised standards for statistical evidence,” Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, vol. 110, no. 48, pp. 19 313–19 317, 2013.
[20] G. Cumming, Understanding the New Statistics: Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and
Meta-Analysis. Routledge, 2013.
[21] P. C. Sham and S. M. Purcell, “Statistical power and significance testing in large-scale
genetic studies,” Nature Reviews Genetics, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 335–346, 2014.