Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a novel technology that drastically improves the efficiency and accuracy of work by using software robots to perform tasks, with or without human interactions, without tiredness and fatigue but delivers 100% accuracy. RPA is a software robot that uses a user-predefined algorithm to process work inputs and produces desired work outputs, and does not require prior IT knowledge. Unlike most other IT software, it also has the function to imitate human interactions with the computer i.e., working in the foreground resembling a human user, thus provides a good backward compatibility with the organization’s existing or legacy IT infrastructure.

This study is the first to investigate how RPA implementation changes the evaluations of its users, by conducting an online survey to the RPA users that are working in various industries in Thailand. Based on the reasoning of motivation and job demand-job resource balance, the proposed research model identifies the positive side (job autonomy, RPA performance) and negative side (intensified learning demand, intensified planning and decision-making demand, and work intensification) of RPA implementation, and their consequences - burnout and RPA continuance intention. Further, the current study distinguishes the usage of RPA into RPA usage breadth and RPA usage depth, to explore the mechanisms of how RPA utilization affect the users in more detail. The results indicated an interesting finding that the degree of RPA usage breadth and RPA usage depth have different impact on the cognitions of the RPA users. Several moderators are discussed, and the model explains about 67% of continuance intention and 28% of burnout variances, accordingly. A suggestion on how to report the results from a PLS-SEM is also discussed.

Last, of theoretical implications, managerial implications, and avenues for future research are discussed in the final section of this research. RPA is a new and unresearched aspect of IS, but it has the potential to overturn the way we previously work due to its limitless potentials. The findings from this research signify the need for further investigation of this avant-garde technology.

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a novel technology that drastically improves the efficiency and accuracy of work by using software robots to perform tasks, with or without human interactions, without tiredness and fatigue but delivers 100% accuracy. RPA is a software robot that uses a user-predefined algorithm to process work inputs and produces desired work outputs, and does not require prior IT knowledge. Unlike most other IT software, it also has the function to imitate human interactions with the computer i.e., working in the foreground resembling a human user, thus provides a good backward compatibility with the organization’s existing or legacy IT infrastructure.

This study is the first to investigate how RPA implementation changes the evaluations of its users, by conducting an online survey to the RPA users that are working in various industries in Thailand. Based on the reasoning of motivation and job demand-job resource balance, the proposed research model identifies the positive side (job autonomy, RPA performance) and negative side (intensified learning demand, intensified planning and decision-making demand, and work intensification) of RPA implementation, and their consequences - burnout and RPA continuance intention. Further, the current study distinguishes the usage of RPA into RPA usage breadth and RPA usage depth, to explore the mechanisms of how RPA utilization affect the users in more detail. The results indicated an interesting finding that the degree of RPA usage breadth and RPA usage depth have different impact on the cognitions of the RPA users. Several moderators are discussed, and the model explains about 67% of continuance intention and 28% of burnout variances, accordingly. A suggestion on how to report the results from a PLS-SEM is also discussed.

Last, of theoretical implications, managerial implications, and avenues for future research are discussed in the final section of this research. RPA is a new and unresearched aspect of IS, but it has the potential to overturn the way we previously work due to its limitless potentials. The findings from this research signify the need for further investigation of this avant-garde technology.

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