夯實土壤長期處於不飽和狀態，以傳統飽和土壤力學無法合理解
釋其行為。現地之夯實土壤會受天氣變化，如降雨及日曬等影響，造
成土壤含水量之變化，進而影響其基質吸力、土壤強度及土壤模數等。
本研究進行一系列室內試驗來探討不飽和夯實土壤在不同基質吸力下
土壤波速、土壤強度與模數之關係。試驗項目包含超音波暨彎曲元件
試驗、無圍壓縮搭配小應變試驗及不飽和三軸暨彎曲元件之單階加載
試驗。先根據夯實曲線準備乾側和濕側之土壤試體。進行試驗前再將
試體養護至不同夯實狀態，包括夯實完成時、飽和狀態及飽和後乾化
狀態。
試驗結果顯示，超音波剪力波速三個斷面之量測結果相近。超音
波剪力波速量測距離需大於6cm，且其量測結果與彎曲元件結果較為
一致。在土壤強度部分，乾側土壤經飽和後，強度會明顯下降，並且
在後續乾化過程，強度相對較小於濕側土壤。針對土壤波速與強度進
一步探討後，發現隨基質吸力上升，兩者之增量成一線性相關。本研
II
究也建立了土壤波速推估土壤強度之量化關係式，可提供工程應用參
考。土壤應變相依模數試驗結果顯示，隨基質吸力提升其模數也會跟
著上升，並且在小應變範圍10−5~10−3也可明顯看出模數之劣化情形。
藉由土壤波速帶入波傳公式推得之最大楊氏模數也會隨基質吸力提升
而提升，並且整體趨勢與無圍壓縮試驗結果之趨勢相同。

The traditional saturated soil mechanics cannot explain the behavior of
the compacted soil, which has been in an unsaturated state for a long time.
Also, the water content of the compacted soil on site will be affected by the
weather factors, such as rainfall and sunshine, which will affect its matric
suction, strength, modulus, and so on. This study conducted a series of
laboratory tests. to investigate the relationship among the wave velocity, the
shear strength, and the modulus of the soil in different compacted states under
different matric suction. Laboratory tests include the ultrasonic and bender
element test, the unconfined compression test with small strain measurement,
and the unsaturated triaxial test with bender element. Soil samples were
initially prepared at both the dry side and the wet side of the compaction
curve. Soil samples are then cured to different states before testing including
the as-compacted state, the saturated state, and the dried state after saturation.
Test results show that the ultrasonic shear wave velocities are similar
measured through three different cross sections of the sample. In addition,
the ultrasonic shear wave velocity measurement distance needs to be greater
than 6cm. The result is also in reasonable agreement with the bender element
IV
result. Regarding soil strength behavior, the strength of the dry side soil will
be significantly reduced after saturated, and the strength in the subsequent
drying process is also smaller than that of the wet side soil. Furthermore, a
positive linear correlation was found between the soil wave velocity and the
strength while the matric suction increased. This study established
quantitative formulas for estimating the soil strength by the wave velocity
that can be adopted for engineering applications. The test results of the straindependent
modulus show that as the matric suction increases, its modulus
will also increase, and the modulus deterioration phenomenon could be
clearly seen in the small strain range (10-5~10-3). The maximum Young's
modulus derived from the soil wave velocity using the wave propagation
formula will also increase with the increase of the matric suction. The overall
trend is the same as that of the unconfined compression test results.

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