橡膠支承墊為結構隔震系統常用隔震器之一，以往大多數研究中僅探討橡膠支承墊單軸向遲滯行為，其雙軸向遲滯行為則較少。故本研究將進行鉛心橡膠支承墊與高阻尼橡膠支承墊之單軸向反覆加載試驗，並進行不同軸壓、加載軌跡以及速度下之雙軸向非比例平面軌跡載重試驗，以比較單軸向與雙軸向行為之差異性，進而探討扭轉耦合效應所造成橡膠支承墊遲滯行為的改變和破壞模式。
　　因鉛心橡膠支承墊之遲滯行為可採用雙線性分析模型來概估，而高阻尼橡膠支承墊則因具有高度非線性行為，若以雙線性分析模型來模擬容易失真，故本研究將基於三種單軸向分析模型，進一步以平面二維材料組合定律為基礎，將單軸向分析模型延伸至雙軸向分析模型，透過試驗結果來驗證單軸向及雙軸向分析模型之適用性及準確性，並針對分析模型中不適用之處提出建議。
　　最後，經由試驗與分析驗證可知，使用本研究建議之數值分析模型者，若礙於試驗設備而無法取得雙軸向之識別參數者，仍可藉由單軸向之識別參數，進而預測雙軸向遲滯行為。因現行耐震規範中僅以單軸向遲滯行為作為設計指標，卻忽略消除扭轉耦合效應造成局部破壞之疑慮，故本研究建議鉛心橡膠支承墊應以雙軸向分析模型作為設計依據，而高阻尼橡膠支承墊則可沿用單軸向分析模型作為設計依據。

　　Rubber bearing including high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) and lead rubber bearings (LRB) are commonly used isolation bearing in seismic isolation applications. In existing studies for hysteresis behavior of rubber bearings, the bearings have been typically subjected to cyclic unilateral loading, and the loading path is therefore proportional. In order to investigate the behavior of rubber bearings under bilateral non-proportional loadings, a tri-axial test setup and the experimental test sequence are designed in this study. Two types of isolation bearings, the lead-rubber bearing and high-damping rubber bearing, are subjected to unilateral and non-proportional bi-lateral loading under the different vertical pressure. The non-proportional loading paths include a circular orbit, an 8-shape orbit and a square orbit, respectively. Through the comparison between the results under different test conditions, the torsional coupling effect is found to be not negligible on the mechanical properties and hysteresis behavior of LRB and HDRB.
　　The hysteresis behavior of the LRB has been normally approximated in practice by a bilinear model. However, the hysteresis behavior of the HDRB was highly nonlinear, may not be well captured by the existing bilinear approximation. In this analytical study, two-dimensional constitute law and plane vector concept are employed to extend the unilateral hysteresis model to correlate the test results with the analytical results. With the decent agreement between the measurement and simulation, it can be concluded that the extended hysteresis model is accurate and applicable for capturing the bilateral hysteresis behavior of rubber isolation bearing. In addition, it is also found that using the proposed model with the parameter identified from unilateral tests, the biaxial hysteresis behavior can still be well predicated.
　　Besides, in the seismic design specifications, it is only required to conduct the unilateral test for performance qualification of isolation bearings. By so doing, the torsional coupling effect will be ignored. Based on this study, it is suggested that bilateral tests for LRB should be required so that the biaxial hysteresis model can be well identified for analytical purposes. Nevertheless, for HDRB the hysteresis model identified from unilateral tests is sufficient to predict the bilateral mechanical behavior with fidelity.

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