簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: MARNIE BECIOS GIDUQUIO
MARNIE - BECIOS GIDUQUIO
論文名稱: Punching Shear Strength and Deformation Capacity of Corner Slab-Column Connection
Punching Shear Strength and Deformation Capacity of Corner Slab-Column Connection
指導教授: 鄭敏元
MIN-YUAN CHENG
口試委員: 黃世建
SHYH-JIANN HWANG
陳正誠
CHENG-CHENG CHEN
歐昱辰
YU-CHEN OU
廖文正
WEN-CHENG LIAO
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 221
中文關鍵詞: CornerSlab-columnconnectionPunchingshearFlatplate
外文關鍵詞: Corner, Slab-column connection, Punching shear, Flat plate
相關次數: 點閱:235下載:14
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

  • An experimental study is carried out to investigate the punching shear behavior of corner slab-column connection under combined gravity load and lateral displacement reversals. There are two design parameters considered in this study, namely the level of connection gravity shear and the flexural reinforcement ratio within the effective slab width defined in the ACI 318-14 (ACI Committee 318, 2014). Test results show that connection gravity shear should be limited to achieve a ductile response under earthquake-type loading. An increase in punching shear strength is also observed for specimens with higher slab flexural reinforcement ratio.

    A database of corner slab-column connection tests is established. Punching shear design provisions of the ACI 318-14 is reevaluated for corner slab-column connection application using the available test results. It is found that there is no strong interaction between the connection shear and unbalanced moment transfer in corner slab-column connections. A recommended expression for evaluating the connection punching shear strength is provided. Based on limited test results, a reinforcement ratio of 0.01 would be a reasonable value to achieve a lateral displacement response satisfying the deformation check criterion of ACI 318-14, for connections with gravity shear level of 1.20√(f_c^' ) b_o d (kip) [0.10√(f_c^' ) b_o d (kN)] to 2.00√(f_c^' ) b_o d (kip) [0.17√(f_c^' ) b_o d (kN)].

    TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii NOTATIONS xi CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 FLAT PLATE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 1 1.2 CURRENT DESIGN PRACTICE OF SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS 3 1.3 RESEARCH MOTIVATION 7 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 7 1.5 REPORT OUTLINE 8 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 INTRODUCTION 10 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN PROVISIONS PER ACI 318 10 2.3 ECCENTRIC SHEAR STRESS MODEL 24 2.3.1 Development of Eccentric Shear Stress Model 24 2.4 CONNECTION DISPLACEMENT CAPACITY 31 2.5 CORNER SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTION PUNCHING SHEAR PROVISIONS SPECIFIED IN THE TWO MAJOR EUROPEAN BUILDING CODES 34 2.5.1 Eurocode 2 (2004) 35 2.5.2 FIB Model Code 2010 39 2.6 CORNER SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTION TESTS 43 2.6.1 Zaghlool, de Paiva and Glockner (1970) 44 2.6.2 Walker and Regan (1987) 45 2.6.3 Desayi and Seshadri (1997) 48 CHAPTER 3 – EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 50 3.1 INTRODUCTION 50 3.2 PROTOTYPE FLOOR SYSTEM 50 3.2 SPECIMEN DESIGN 53 3.2.1 Slab 55 3.2.2 Column 59 3.3 SPECIMEN CONSTRUCTION 61 3.4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND INSTRUMENTATION 65 3.4.1 Experimental Setup 65 3.4.2 Data Recording and Instrumentation 69 CHAPTER 4 – EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 80 4.1 INTRODUCTION 80 4.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 80 4.2.1 Concrete 80 4.2.2 Steel Reinforcement 83 4.3 GENERAL SPECIMEN RESPONSE AND CRACK DEVELOPMENT 92 4.3.1 Specimen G1 92 4.3.2 Specimen G2 101 4.3.3 Specimen G3 105 4.3.4 Specimen R1 112 4.3.5 Specimen R2 120 4.3.6 Specimen R3 126 4.4 GRAVITY SHEAR HISTORY AND LATERAL LOAD-DRIFT RESPONSE 133 4.4.1Specimen G1 134 4.4.2Specimen G2 139 4.4.3 Specimen G3 142 4.4.4 Specimen R1 146 4.4.5 Specimen R2 151 4.4.6 Specimen R3 155 4.4.7 Discussions 159 4.6 CONNECTION ROTATION 161 4.6.1 Specimen G1 161 4.6.2 Specimen G2 162 4.6.3 Specimen G3 163 4.6.4 Specimen R1 164 4.6.5 Specimen R2 165 4.6.6 Specimen R3 166 4.6.7 Discussions 167 4.7 STRAIN GAUGE READINGS 168 4.7.1 Specimen G1 168 4.7.2 Specimen G2 170 4.7.3 Specimen G3 171 4.7.4 Specimen R1 172 4.7.5 Specimen R2 174 4.7.6 Specimen R3 175 4.7.7 Discussions 176 CHAPTER 5 – ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 178 5.1 INTRODUCTION 178 5.2 SPECIMEN PUNCHING SHEAR STRENGTH 178 5.2.1 Databank of Corner Slab-Column Connection Subjected to Gravity Loading Only 179 5.3 EVALUATION OF PUNCHING SHEAR PROVISIONS IN BUILDING CODES AND DESIGN GUIDELINES 181 5.3.1 ACI 318-14 181 5.3.2 ACI 421 187 5.3.3 Eurocode 2 (2004) 191 5.3.4 Model Code 2010 193 5.4 PROPOSED PUNCHING SHEAR STRENGTH MODEL FOR CORNER SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTION UNDER GRAVITY-TYPE LOADING 196 5.5 LATERAL DISPLACEMENT CAPACITY OF CORNER SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS 202 CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSIONS 205 REFERENCES 208

    1. ACI Committee E-1, 1927, “Reinforced Concrete Building Design and Specifications,” Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 23, No. 2, February, pp. 643-677.

    2. ACI Committee 318, 1941, “Building Regulations for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-41),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 63 pp.

    3. ACI Committee 318, 1947, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-47),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 64 pp.

    4. ACI Committee 318, 1951, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-51),” Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 47, No. 4, April, pp. 589-652.

    5. ACI Committee 318, 1956, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-56),” Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 52, No. 5, May, pp. 913-986.

    6. ACI Committee 318, 1963a, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-63),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 144 pp.

    7. ACI Committee 318, 1963b, “Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-63),” Publication SP-10, ACI Special Publications, Detroit, MI, 91 pp.

    8. ACI Committee 318, 1971a, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-71),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 78 pp.

    9. ACI Committee 318, 1971b, “Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-71),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 96 pp.

    10. ACI Committee 318, 1974, “1974 Supplement to: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-71) and Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-71),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 13 pp.

    11. ACI Committee 318, 1977, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-77),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 103 pp.

    12. ACI Committee 318, 1983, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-83),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 111 pp.

    13. ACI Committee 318, 1989, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-89) and Commentary (ACI 318R-89),” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 353 pp.

    14. ACI Committee 318, 1995, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary (ACI 318R-95),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 369 pp.

    15. ACI Committee 318, 1999, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-99) and Commentary (ACI 318R-99),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 391 pp.

    16. ACI Committee 318, 2002, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary (ACI 318R-02),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 443 pp.

    17. ACI Committee 318, 2005, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (ACI 318R-05),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 430 pp.

    18. ACI Committee 318, 2008, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary (ACI 318R-08),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 473 pp.

    19. ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI., 519 pp.

    20. ACI Committee 501, 1936, “Building Regulations for Reinforced Concrete,” Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 32, No. 3, March, pp. 407-444.

    21. Alexander, S. D. B., and Simmonds, S. H., 1992, “Bond Model for Concentric Punching Shear,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 89, No. 3, May-June, pp. 325-334.

    22. ASCE/SEI 7, 2010, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 608 pp.

    23. ASTM A370, 2012, “Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 48 pp.

    24. ASTM A706/A706M, 2009, “Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 6 pp.

    25. ASTM C143/C143M, 2015, “Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 4 pp.

    26. ASTM C617/C617M, 2015, “Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 6 pp.

    27. Broms, C. E., 2007, “Flat Plates in Seismic Areas: Comparison of Shear Reinforcement Systems,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 104, No. 6, November-December, pp. 712-721.

    28. Cheng, M.-Y., 2009, “Punching Shear Strength and Deformation Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connections under Earthquake-Type Loading,” PhD thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 332 pp.

    29. Cheng, M.-Y., and Giduquio, M. B., 2014a, “Seismic Design Issue of Corner Slab-Column Connection,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, V. 18, No. 1, pp. 24-40, DOI: 10.1080/13632469.2013.816644

    30. Cheng M.-Y., and Giduquio, M. B., 2014b, “Experimental Study of Corner Slab-Column Connection,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 5, September-October, pp. 1123-1134.

    31. Cheng, M.-Y., and Parra-Montesinos, G. J., 2010a, “Evaluation of Steel Fiber Reinforcement for Punching Shear Resistance in Slab-Column Connections – Part I: Monotonically Increased Load,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 1, January-February, pp. 101-109.

    32. Cheng, M.-Y., and Parra-Montesinos, G. J., 2010b, “Evaluation of Steel Fiber Reinforcement for Punching Shear Resistance in Slab-Column Connections – Part II: Lateral Displacement Reversals,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 107, No. 1, January-February, pp. 110-118.

    33. Cheng, M.-Y.; Parra-Montesinos, G. P.; and Shield, C. K., 2010, “Shear Strength and Drift Capacity of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connections Subjected to Biaxial Displacements,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 136, No. 9, September, pp. 1078-1088.

    34 Committee on Standard Building Regulations for the Use of Reinforced Concrete, 1920, “Standard Building Regulations for the Use of Reinforced Concrete,” Standard Specifications No. 23, Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 16, No. 2, pp. 283-302.

    35. Committee on Reinforced Concrete and Building Laws, 1916, “Report of the Committee on Reinforced Concrete and Building Laws,” Proceedings, Journal of American Concrete Institute, V. 12, No. 2, February, pp. 171-180.

    36. Desayi, P., and Seshadri, H. K., 1997, “Punching Shear Strength of Flat Slab Corner Column Connections. Part 1. Reinforced Concrete Connections,” Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Structures and Buildings, V. 122, No. 1, February, pp. 10-20.

    37. Di Stasio, J., and van Buren, M. P., 1960, “Transfer of Bending Moment between Flat Plate Floor and Column,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Proceedings, V. 57, No. 3, September, pp. 299-314.

    38. Dilger, W.; Birkle, G.; and Mitchell, D., 2005, “Effect of Flexural Reinforcement on Punching Shear Resistance,” Punching Shear in Reinforced Concrete Slabs, SP-232-4, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, October, pp. 57-74.

    39. Einpaul, J.; Riuz-Fernandez, M.; and Muttoni, A., 2015, “Influence of Moment Redistribution and Compressive Membrane Action on Punching Strength of Flat Slabs,” Engineering Structures, V. 86, March, pp. 43-57.

    40. Elgabry, A. A., 1991, “Shear and Moment Transfer of Concrete Flat Plates,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Calgary, Calgary,Alberta, Canada, 266 pp.

    41. Elgabry, A. A., and Ghali, A., 1996, “Transfer of Moments between Columns and Slabs: Proposed Code Revisions,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 1, January-February, pp. 56-61.

    42. European Committee for Standardization, 2004, “Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures – Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings,” European Standard, Brussels, 225 pp.

    43. Gardner, N. J., and Shao, X. Y., 1996, “Punching Shear of Continuous Flat Reinforced Concrete Slabs,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 2, March-April, pp. 218-228.

    44. Gasparini, D. A., 2002, “Contributions of C. A. P. Turner to Development of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs 1905-1909,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 128, No. 10, October, pp. 1243-1252.

    45. Ghali, A., 1989, Discussions of “Proposed Revisions to Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-83),” ACI Structural Journal, V. 86, No. 3, May-June, pp. 328-330.

    46. Ghali, A.; Gayed. R. B.; and Dilger, W., 2015, “Design of Concrete slabs for Punching Shear: Controversial Concepts,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 4, July-August, pp. 505-514.

    57. Ghali, A., and Megally, S., 1999, “Design for Punching Shear Strength with ACI 318-95,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 96, No. 4, July-August, pp. 539-548.

    58. Grossman, J. S., 1989, “Code Procedures, History, and Shortcomings: Column-Slab Connections,” Concrete International, V. 11, No. 9, September, pp. 73-77.

    59. Hammill, N., and Ghali, A., 1994, “Punching Shear Resistance of Corner Slab-Column Connections,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 91, No. 6, November-December, pp. 697-705.

    60. Hanson, N. W., and Hanson, J. M., 1968, “Shear and Moment Transfer between Concrete Slabs and Columns,” Journal, PCA Research and Development Laboratories, V. 10, No. 1, January, pp. 2-16.

    61. Henley, H. C., 1908, “Report of the Committee on Laws and Ordinances,” National Association of Cement Users (NACU), Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Convention, V. 4, January, pp. 233-239.
    62. Hueste, M. B. D.; Browning, J.; Lepage, A.; and Wallace, J. W., 2007, “Seismic Design Criteria for Slab-Column Connections,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 104, No. 4, July-August, pp. 448-458.

    63.Hueste, M. D. B.; Kang, H.-K.; and Robertson, I. N., 2009, “Lateral Drift Limits for Structural Concrete Slab-Column Connections, Including Shear Reinforcement Effects,” Proceedings, Structures 2009: Don’t Mess with Structural Engineers, ASCE, May, Austin, TX. pp. 1515-1524.

    64. Hueste, M. B. D., and Wight, J. K., 1999, “Nonlinear Punching Shear Failure Model for Interior Slab-Column Connections,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 125, No. 9, September, pp. 997-1008.

    65 Hwang, S.-J., and Moehle, J. P., 1990, “An Experimental Study of Flat-Plate Structures under Vertical and Lateral Loads,” Report No. UCB/SEMM-90/11, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, July, 271 pp.

    66. International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2010, “fib Model Code for Concrete Structures,” International Federation for Structural Concrete, Lausanne, Switzerland, 402 pp.

    67. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326, 1962, “Shear and Diagonal Tension,” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 124 pp.

    68. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, 1988, “Recommendations for Design of Slab-Column Connections in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures,” (ACI 352.1R-89), ACI Structural Journal, V. 85, No. 6, November-December, 1988, pp. 675-696.

    69. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, 2011, “Guide for Design of Slab-Column Connections in Monolithic Concrete Structures,” (ACI 352.1R-11), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 28 pp.

    70. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 421, 2008, “Guide to Shear Reinforcement for Slabs,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 23 pp.

    70. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 421, 2010, “Guide to Seismic Design of Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Plates,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 30 pp.

    72. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 426, 1974, “The Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members – Slabs,” Proceedings, ASCE, V. 100, No. ST8, August, pp. 1543-1591.

    73. Joint Committee of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, 1913, “Report on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete,” Proceedings, ASTM, V. 13, pp. 224-281.

    74. Joint Committee of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, 1917, “Final Report of the Joint Committee on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete,” Proceedings, ASTM, V. 17, Part I, 1917, pp. 202-262.

    75. Joint Committee on Standard Specifications for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, 1921, “Tentative Specifications for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete,” Committee Progress Report, June, 73 pp.

    76. Joint Committee on Standard Specifications for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, 1924, “Standard Specifications for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete,” American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, August, 152 pp.

    77. King, S., and Delatte, N. J., 2004, “Collapse of 2000 Commonwealth Avenue: Punching Shear Case Study,” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE, V. 18, No. 1, pp. 54-61.

    78. Luo, Y., and Durrani, A. J., 1995, “Evaluation, Modeling, and Seismic Retrofit of Flat-Slab Buildings,” Structural Research at Rice, Report N. 44, Department of Civil Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 141 pp.
    79. Matzke, E. M.; Lequesne, R. D.; Parra-Montesinos, G. J.; and Shield, C. K., 2015, Behavior of Biaxially Loaded Slab-Column Connections with Shear Studs,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 3, May-June, pp. 335-346.

    80. McHarg, P. J.; Cook, W. D.; Mitchell, D.; and Yoon, Y.-S., 2000, “Benefits of Concentrated Slab Reinforcement and Steel Fibers on Performance of Slab-Column Connections,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 97, No. 2, March-April, pp. 225-235.

    81. Moe, J., 1961, “Shearing Strength of Reinforced Concrete Slabs and Footings under Concentrated Loads,” Development Department Bulletin D47, Research and Development Laboratories, Portland Cement Association, April, Skokie, IL, 130 pp.

    82. Moehle, J. P., 1988, “Strength of Slab-Column Edge Connections,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 85, No. 1, January-February, pp. 89-98.

    83. NACU, 1910, “Standard Building Regulations for the Use of Reinforced Concrete,” Standard No. 4, Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Convention, National Association of Cement Users, V. 6, February, pp. 349-361.

    84. Pan, A. D., and Moehle, J. P., 1989, “Lateral Displacement Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 86, No. 3, May-June, pp. 250-258.

    85. Pan, A. D., and Moehle, J. P., 1992, “An Experimental Study of Slab-Column Connections,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 89, No. 6, November-December, pp. 626-638.

    86. Park, T.-W., 2012, “Inspection of Collapse Cause of Sampoong Department Store,” Forensic Science International, Elsevier, V. 217, No. 1-3, April, pp. 119-126.

    87. Rha, C.; Kang, T. H.-K.; Shin, M.; and Yoon, J. B., 2014, “Gravity and Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate Systems,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 4, July-August, pp. 753-764.

    88. Robertson, I. N.; Kawai, T.; Lee, J.; and Enomoto, B., 2002, “Cyclic Testing of Slab-Column Connections with Shear Reinforcement,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 99, No. 5, September-October, pp. 605-613.

    89. Shaaban, A. M., and Gesund, H., 1994, “Punching Shear Strength of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 91, No. 3, July-August, pp. 406-414.

    90. Sozen, M. A., and Siess, C. P., 1963, “Investigation of Multi-Panel Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs: Design Methods – Their Evolution and Comparison,” Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Proceedings, V. 60, No. 8, August, pp. 999-1028.

    91. Sudarsana, I. K., 2001, “Punching Shear in Edge and Corner Column Slab Connections of Flat Plate Structures,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 225 pp.

    92. Swamy, R. N., and Ali, S. A. R., 1982, “Punching Shear Behavior of Reinforced Slab-Column Connections Made with Steel Fiber Concrete,” Proceedings, ACI Journal, V. 79, No. 5, September-October, pp. 392-406.

    93. Walker, P. R., and Regan, P. E., 1987, “Corner Column-Slab Connections in Concrete Flat Plates,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 113, No. 4, April, pp. 704-720.

    94. Widjaja, S., 2008, “Behavior of Corner Slab-Column Connections in Irregular Flat Plate Floors under Gravity and Bidirectional Lateral Loading,” PhD thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 482 pp.

    95. Wight, J. K., 2016, “Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design,” Seventh Edition, Pearson Education Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 1144 pp.

    96. Wight, J. K., and Falconer, D., 2005, “Concrete Q & A: Checking Punching Shear Strength by the ACI Code,” Concrete International, V. 27, No. 11, pp. 76.

    97. Wood, J. G. M., 2004, “Pipers Row Car Park, Wolverhampton: Quantitative Study of the Causes of the Partial Collapse on 20th March 1997,” Press Releases, Health and Safety Executive, UK, January, 197 pp.

    98. Zaghlool, E. R. F., 1971, “Strength and Behavior of Corner and Edge Column-Slab Connections in Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 366 pp.

    99. Zaghlool, E. R. F., and de Paiva, H. A. R., 1973, “Tests of Flat-Plate Corner Column-Slab Connections,” Proceedings, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 99, No. ST3, March, pp. 551-572.

    100. Zaghlool, E. R. F.; de Paiva, H. A. R.; and Glockner, P. G., 1970, “Tests of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate Floors,” Proceedings, Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 96., No. ST3, March, pp. 487-507.

    QR CODE