本論文提出一個可以雙向10-Gb/s傳輸的遠端泵激分波多工被動光網路的架構，目的是希望可以提供更高速的雙向傳輸，並且提供更好的訊號傳輸品質。我們在OLT端同時傳輸Blue-Band的下行光源以及Red-Band的CW光源。在下行部分我們以馬赫任德調變器來對下行光源做外部調變。此外，在遠端增添一摻鉺光纖，利用遠端泵激的方式，提供上下行訊號增益，補償在ONU端使用反射式電致吸收調變器的功率損失，也因為在ONU端使用反射式的調變元件，我們得以達成Colorless的目的以及簡化ONU端的設計。並且使用遠端泵激的方式，較在局端進行放大，可以獲得更佳的光訊號雜訊比。
在此設計架構下，可達成上行與下行皆傳輸10-Gb/s的雙向傳輸系統，並且在OLT端另外注入一L-Band的光源來對整個傳輸系統做監控。另外我們對於同時多波長傳輸的系統，也加以量測並且分析其功率與傳輸品質。

This work proposes an architecture of Remotely Pumped WDM-PON with bidirectional 10-Gb/s transmission to provide large bandwidth and good signal quality. In the proposed system, the downstream light sources of Blue-band and CW light sources of Red-band are transmitted simultaneously from the OLT side; and a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is used to perform external modulation for the downstream light source. Moreover, we add an Erbium-doped fiber at the remote node and use a 1480-nm laser to provide remote pumping. This can provide gain to both the downstream and upstream signals, and compensate the power loss of the Reflected Electroabsorption modulators (REAMs). The use of REAMs at the ONU side makes the ONUs colorless.
The bidirection 10-Gb/s transmission system could be achieved with low power penalty by using the proposed architecture. Furthermore, a L-Band light source is used at the OLT for channel monitoring. We also investigate the gain characteristics for multiple wavelength channels and estimate the power budget.

[1] E. Frank, C. David, H. Onn, K. Glen, L. Ruo Ding, O. Moshe, and P. Thomas, “An introduction to PON technologies,” IEEE Communication Magazine, pp. S17-S25, 2007.
[2] Walid Shawbaki , Ahmed Kamal , “Security for FTTx Optical Access Networks ” Local Computer NETWORKS ,Proceedings 2006 31st IEEE Conference on.
[3] C. Lim, A. Nirmalathas, M. Bakaul, P. Gamage, K. L. Lee, Y. Yang, D. Novak, and R. Waterhouse, “Fiber-Wireless Networks and Subsystem Technologies,” Journal of Lightwave Technology. vol. 28, pp. 390-405, 2010
[4] A. Ng’oma , “Radio-over-Fibre Technology for Broadband Wireless Communication Systems ” ,2005
[5] S.J. Park, C.H. Lee, K.T. Jeong, H.J. Park, J.G. Ahn, and K.H. Song, “Fiber-to-the-home services based on wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network,” Journal of Lightwave Technology. vol. 22, no.11,pp. 2582-2591, Nov.2004.
[6] Effenberger, F. Clearly, D. Haran, O. Kramer, G. Ruo Ding Li. Oron, M. Pfeiffer, T. ” An Introduction to PON Technologies ” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 45, Issue 3, pp. s13. 2007.
[7] 鄭伯順等, 新世代電信資訊網路與傳播應用服務技術發展之研究,交通部科技顧問室, 民國94年.
[8] 馮國璋,光纖到家試場攻防戰起E-PON/G-PON兩強對峙，新通訊元件雜誌，84期，2005年
[9] J.H. Lee, K. Lee, Y.G. Han, S.B. Lee, and C.H. Kim, “Single, Depolarizwd, CW Supercontinuum-Based Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Passive Optical Network Architecture With C-Band OLT, L-Band ONU, and U-Band Monitoring, ” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.25 , no. 10, pp.2891-2897, Oct.2007.
[10] R. Ramaswami and K.N. Sivarajan, Optical networks: a practical perspective 2¬¬¬¬nded.Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.
[11] 胡至仁,頻譜分割的非同調性光源在分波多工系統上的應用，國立中山大學光電工程研究所碩士論文，2000年
[12] H.D.Kim, S.G.Kang, and C.H.Lee, ”A Low-Cost WDM Source with an ASE Injected Fabry-Perot Semicondotor Laser,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 13, no. 19, pp. 1181-1182, Sept. 2001.
[13] P.Healey, P.Townsend, C.Ford, and L.Jhonston,”Spectral Slicing WDM-PON Using Wavelength-Seeded Reflective SOAs,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 37, no. 19, pp. 1181-1182, Sept. 2001.
[14] A.Banerjee, Y.Park, F.Clarke, H.Song, SYang, G.Kramer,K.Kim and B.Mukherjee, “Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) Technologies for Broadband Access: a Review,” Journal of Optical Networking, vol.4 , no. 11, pp.737-758, Nov.2005.
[15] E.Wong, K.L.Lee, and T.B.Anderson, “Directly Modulated Self-Seeding Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers as Colorless Transmitters in Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.25, no. 1, pp.67-74, Jan.2007.
[16] P.C.Becker, N.A.Olsson, and J.R.Simpson, “Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers, Fundamentals and Technology”, Academic Press, 1999.
[17] J.F.Michel, “Rare-earth-doped fiber lasers and amplifier”, Marcel Dekker, 2001.
[18] L. Keigo, “Elements of photonics volume II”, Wiley-Interscience, 2002.
[19] R. D. Muro, S. J. Wilson, N. E. Jolley, B. S. Farley, A. Robinson, and J. Mun, “Measurement of the quantum efficiency of long wavelength EDFAs with and without an idler signal,” Optical Fiber Communications Conference, vol.1, pp.419-420, 1999.
[20] Beshr, A.H. Aly, M.H, “Raman Gain and Raman Gain Coefficient for SiO2, GeO2, B2O3 and P2O5 Glasses”, Radio Science Conference, 2007.
[21] J. Bromage, “Raman amplification for fiber communications systems”, J.Lightwave Technol, vol. 22, pp. 79-93, 2004.
[22] Y. Aoki, “Properties of fiber Raman amplifiers and their applicability to digital optical communication system”, J.Lightwave Technol, vol. 6, pp. 1225-1239, 1998.
[23] 林漢璿, 可降低雷利散射及後向反射之新型WDM-PON架構, 碩士論文,台灣科技大學, 民國97年.
[24] D. Derickson, “Fiber Optic Test and Measurements”, Hewlett-Packard Professional Books, ISBN 0-13-534330-5, 1998.
[25] 許葉立, 同時雙向WiMAX及NRZ訊號上載分波多工被動光纖網路設計, 碩士論文,台灣科技大學, 民國99年.
[26] 謝廷霖, 基於反射式半導體光放大器的分波多工被動光網路之設計, 碩士論文,淡江大學, 民國98年.
[27] J. G. Andrews, A. Ghosh, and R. Muhamed, Fundamentals of WiMAX: Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, Pearson Education, ch.2 and ch.8 pp.2-10~2-13 and 8-14, 2007.
[28] C. Rolland, K. L. Prosyk, C. M. Maritan, and N. Puertz, “High Speed and Low Loss, Bulk Electroabsorption Waveguide Modulators at 1.3 um,” IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, vol. 3, pp. 894–896, Oct. 1991.
[29] D. A. B. Miller, T. C. Damen, A. C. Gossard, W.Wiegmann, T. H.Wood, and C. A. Burus, “Band-Edge Electroabsorption in Quantum Well Structures: the Quantum-Confined Stark effect,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 53, no. 26, pp. 2173–2175, 1984.
[30] 郭南宏, 雙向WiMAX上載分波多工被動光纖網路設計, 碩士論文,台灣科技大學, 民國98年.
[31] B. Liu, J. Shim, Y. J. Chiu, A. Keating, J. Piprek, and J. E. Bowers, “Analog Characterization of Low-Voltage MQW Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 3011-3019, Dec. 2003.
[32] D. A. B. Miller, T. C. Damen, A. C. Gossard, W.Wiegmann, T. H.Wood, and C. A. Burus, “Band-Edge Electroabsorption in Quantum Well Structures: the Quantum-Confined Stark effect,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 53, no. 26, pp. 2173–2175, 1984.
[33] M. Bass, E. W. V. Stryland, Fiber Optics Handbook, McGraw-Hill Professional, ch.4, pp. 4.57-4.63, 2002.
[34] J. C. Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, Pearson Education International, ch.10, pp. 343, 2005.
[35] M. Taher, “Large Signal Analysis of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator with Variable Bias,” Proceedings of the National Science Council, ROC(A), vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 254-258, 2001.
[36] O. Mitomi, K. Noguchi, and H. Miyazawa, “Estimation of Frequency Response for High-Speed LiNbO3 Optical Modulator,” Optoelectronics, IEEE, vol. 146, no. 2, pp. 99-104, April, 1999.
[37] G. L. Li and P. K. L. Yu, “Optical Intensity Modulators for Digital and Analog Applications,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 2010-2030, Sept. 2003.
[38] Bob Chomycz, “PLANNING Fiber Optic NETWORKS,” ISBN 978-0-07-149919-4, 2009