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研究生: 葉榮昌
Jung-Chang Yeh
論文名稱: 一個基於多重分割與聚合線轉換的影像向量化方法
An Efficient Image Vectorization Method Base on a Multiple Segmentation Task and Polyline Conversion Scheme
指導教授: 范欽雄
Chin-Shyurng Fahn
口試委員: 黃榮堂
Jung-Tang Huang
林啟芳
Chi-Fang Lin
陳建中
Chien-Chung Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 資訊工程系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 88
中文關鍵詞: 多重分割運算平行運算多工運算影像合併演算法影像向量化演算法聚合線轉換
外文關鍵詞: multiple segmentation operation, parallel computing, multitasking computing, image vectorization algorithm, image merging algorithm, polyline conversion
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  • CAD(Computer Aided Design)一直是近代工業設計上最常被使用的工具,不論是建築、電子元件、3C產品…等等,而CAD所對應的檔案格式有dxf、dwg、cad…,這些檔案都是由向量格式的資料結構所構成,此外還有近幾年非常熱門並且在人類生活中占據了很重要部分的一項網路服務─地圖,例如最知名的Google Maps的部分功能所使用的地圖圖資,都是由衛星影像取得柵格數據再向量化成一般民眾從電腦螢幕上看到的影像,基於越來越多科學上的應用,影像向量化所需處理資料量也跟著與日增長,除了輸出結果的正確性外,效率亦是被考量的重點之一。
    在本研究中的流程區分為幾個階段,首先進行影像分割,再將各個分割影像進行邊緣偵測取得各影像的邊緣資料,透過邊緣資料來偵測各影像中的幾何圖形,以上的處理將會透過多工的方式來進行,藉由多工的方式來提升時間上的效率,接著將各個分割影像的幾何圖形合併回一張完整影像,考量到不為特定影像領域所限制的情境,因此我們採用一般影像格式為輸入資料,在影像邊緣偵測上,將會比較不同的邊緣偵測演算法來決定何種演算法較為適用在影像向量化上,並且說明為何最後採用Canny Operator為本次研究中的邊緣偵測演算法,Hough Transform 是本研究中所採用的幾何圖形偵測演算法,經過驗證
    實驗數據中,明顯呈現出分割影像的多工運算在執行時間上,優於單一影像的單工運算,而分割運算所產生的像素誤差和幾何圖形誤差,與單一影像的結果相比較後的誤差小於一個百分比,另外我們還將所提方法在實作中的程式,驗證了物體的實際尺寸,完全可以達到工業標準。


    CAD (Computer Aided Design) has been the most commonly used tool of modern industrial design, and its application covers construction, electronics components, 3C products and so on. Moreover, the corresponding CAD file formats have dxf, dwg, cad, etc. The data structure of these files are constituted by a vector format, in addition, a network services is a highly popular and occupied a strongly important part for a life of human is in recent years ─ map, for example, the most famous part of the function of Google Maps uses map data which is raster data, It is acquired by the satellite images which is vectored to general users to see from the image on the computer monitors, base more and more creative applications on science. The amount of data of image processing required for vectorization is increasing steadily, in addition to the correctness of the output results, the efficiency is also one of the key considerations.
    In the process of this research is divided into several stages, first is for image segmentation, and then performs edge detection of each divided image data to get the image edge through which detects the geometry, the above process will be performed with multi-task via which the efficiency of process time is improved. The geometry of each division will be merged back into one complete image, it should be considered that is not restricted to a particular field of image process of situations, therefore the input image data of this research will take the general format, for example jpg, bmp, tiff, etc.
    On the image edge detection, this research will compare different edge detection algorithm to determine which algorithm is more applicable to the vectorization in the image, and explains why the final selection is Canny Operator as the edge detection algorithm of this research. Hough Transform is used as the geometry detection algorithm of this research, after experimental verification is valid and applicable to the research.
    The experimental data clearly displaying multitasking performance of a spilt image on the execution time is better than a single image of a single task operation, and the error is less than one percentage that is the process result produced the dividing pixel errors and geometry errors compared with a single task process does, the research proved that the proposed methods can effectively improve the efficiency and maintain correctness. In addition, we implemented the methods we proposed for verifying the actual size of objects, whose results can meet the industry standards.

    中文摘要i Abstractii Table of Contentsiv List of Figuresvi List of Tablesix Chapter 1Introduction1 1.1Overview1 1.2Background2 1.3Our proposed methods3 1.4Thesis organization6 Chapter 2Related Works7 2.1Sobel operator7 2.1.1Work flow7 2.1.2Guidelines for Use9 2.1.3Common Variants11 2.2Canny operator12 2.2Comparison of Sobel and Canny operators15 2.3Hough transform16 2.4Hash tables19 Chapter 3Our Proposed Algorithms26 3.1Image segmentation method26 3.1.1Basic segmentation26 3.1.2Smart segmentation28 3.2The adaptive grain size of segmentation method30 3.3Line merging31 3.4Polyline conversion34 3.4.1Main concept34 3.4.2Hash tables39 Chapter 4Experimental Results46 4.1Test on a variety of images46 4.2The experiments of smart segmentation57 4.3A lot of continuous test61 4.4Results of size measurement65 4.5Comparison of commercial software71 Chapter 5Conclusions and Future Works73 5.1Conclusions73 5.2Future Works74 References75

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