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研究生： 黃雅祺
Ya-chi Huang
論文名稱： 美國推動生質能政策與法制之研究
An Analysis of promoting Biomass Policy and Legislation in the United State
指導教授： 劉華美
Hwa-Meei Liou
口試委員: 鄭中人
Chung-Jen Cheng
莊春發
Chuwn-fa Chuang
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 科技管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Technology Management
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 92
中文關鍵詞： 再生能源 、生質能源 、能源安全 、再生能源標準
外文關鍵詞： bio-energy, Renewable energy, energy security, Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
相關次數： 點閱：330  下載：3 
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    • 近年來，因應全球暖化及石油短缺的能源危機影響，各國莫不重視替代性能源政策發展。根據國際能源總署統計，目前生質能為全球第四大能源，在國際油價動盪不安的情形下，進而發展再生能源的生產量。其中美國的能源產量約佔6%，大部分仍須依賴進口。美國環保署2005年提出『再生能源燃料標準』Renewable Fuel Standard,RFS)是美國推動生質能源發展的基礎法令，其法令主要針對制定運輸部門的再生能源消費目標，因此帶動未來再生能源產業獎勵、減免措施及新興產業經濟成長，進而成為國際能源署主要能源的利用型態。

    在早期因為生質能源具有「碳中和」及「釋放溫室氣體較少」的特性，生質能源產業成為各國再生能源發展政策重點。因此，本論文欲以文獻分析美國生質能源之近年來推動政策與法制研究，以美國布希總統提出長期完整的2005能源政策法(EPAct2005)，針對傳統石化產業與核能科技產業補貼、再生能源燃料標準(RFS) 基礎法令，規範階段性生質燃料的生產率及實施細則。量式酒精貨物稅免稅額獎勵措施(Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit, VEETC)及生質作物援助計畫Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP)，目的為減少石油依賴及碳污染，提高能源安全，促進農村經濟發展和創造就業機會，並期望以獎勵方式建立、培育和收穫生質能熱、電、生質物產品和生質物燃料的過程，以美國之經驗作為借鏡，檢視台灣生質能源政策與法制發展現況與不足之處，並提出建議以提供政府未來制定相關能源政策與措施之參考。

    With the effects of global warming and energy crisis of shortage oil in recent years, more and more countries have attached importance to the development of alternative energy policy. According to the statistics of International Energy Agency, the biomass was the fourth largest of energy worldwide. In the situation of the volatile international oil prices, and then various countries develop the production of renewable energy. The production of U.S. energy was about 6%, and most of energy must rely on imported. In 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), which was the foundation of law to promote the development of bio-energy in the United States. The RFS has targeted to develop the transportation of renewable energy; therefore it brought out industry incentives of renewable energy, reduction of tax, and economic growth of emerging industry, which made it a primary type of energy usage planned by IEA.

    The characteristics of bio-energy were Carbon Neutral and less greenhouse gas of release, it has become key development policy of renewable energy by national. The method of the study was to explore the policy and legal of bio-energy in the United States in recent years by the literature analysis. U.S. President Bush proposed a long-term and complete energy policy, Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), which was included industry subsidies for traditional petrochemical and nuclear energy technology, the foundation law of RFS, establish the productivity and implementation rules of biofuel. The objectives of Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC) and Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) were to reduce oil dependence and carbon pollution, to improve energy security, to promote economic development of countryside and create employment opportunities, thus giving incentives to establish, cultivate, and harvest the products of biomass heat, electricity and biofuel. Through the experience of the development of bio-energy policy and legal in the United States, we could see and even find the weakness in the development of bio-energy policy and legal, and we could also propose some suggestions, based on which, our government would further be able to make similar bio-energy policies.

    第一章 緒論 1 1.1. 研究動機與目的 1 1.1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.1.2 研究目的 3 1.2. 研究範圍與限制 4 1.2.1 研究範圍 4 1.2.2 研究限制 5 1.3. 研究方法 6 1.4. 研究架構與流程 7 1.4.1 研究架構 7 1.4.2 研究流程 8 1.5. 國內外文獻探討 9 第二章 生質能源介紹與發展現況 12 2.1 生質能源簡介 12 2.1.1 生質柴油(biodiesel) 14 2.1.2 生質酒精(ethanol) 15 2.1.3生質氫能(biogas) 15 2.2 美國發展生質能源的優點與風險 16 2.2.1 全球發展生質能源現況與利弊 16 2.2.2 美國發展生質能源現況與利弊 19 2.3 美國生質能源發展趨勢與潛能 22 2.4 美國生質能源優勢與機會 24 第三章 美國生質能源政策之施行 26 3.1 美國生質能源產業發展現況 26 3.2 美國生質能源政策 27 3.2.1 先進能源計畫(Advanced Energy Initiative) 28 3.2.2 十年降低能源使用政策(Twenty In Ten) 30 3.2.3 「綠色新政」（Green "New Deal"）- 阿波羅計畫(Apollo Project) 31 3.2.4 生質能研究與發展計畫（Biomass Research and Development Initiative , BRDI） 32 3.2.5 量式酒精貨物稅免稅額獎勵措施(Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit, VEETC) 34 3.3 美國生質能源政策之配套措施 35 3.3.1 原物料生產 35 3.3.2 再生能源標準(Renewable Fuel Standard, RFS) 37 3.3.3 設立生質酒精及生質柴油的能源稅減免與補助 41 3.3.4 建立市場優勢 43 3.3.5 增加經濟效益 45 3.3.6 其他獎勵措施 46 3.4 美國生質能源政策之影響 48 第四章 美國生質能源法制基礎 50 4.1 美國生質能源立法背景 50 4.2 美國生質能源之相關法令 52 4.2.1 2005年能源政策法(EPAct2005 ) 52 4.2.2 2007年能源自主與安全法(EISA) 54 4.2.3 美國2008年食物、環境保育與能源法（Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008） 62 4.2.4 美國2008緊急金融穩定法(Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008) 64 4.2.5 美國2009振興經濟法(American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, ARRA) 66 4.3 美國生質能源法回顧與展望 68 第五章 結論與建議 73 5.1 結論 73 5.1.1 美國生質能源政策推動之關鍵 73 5.1.2 美國生質能源法制與產業發展 76 5.2 建議 78 參考文獻 82

    一、 中文文獻

    1. 中華經濟研究院（台灣WTO中心），美國、歐盟及日本農業改革政策與WTO農業談判互動關係之研究，97 年度國際經貿事務研究及培訓中心計畫子計畫一：專題研究（5），97年12月。
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    22. 蔡岳勳（2008），窮人的糧食，富人的燃油?生質燃料強制使用立法與政策之省思-對美國2007年能源自主與安全法之初步觀察,興大法學，2008年，頁110-112。
    23. 蔡岳勳，當代國際新能源政策與法治發展，頁116，Airiti Press Inc. (2010年)。
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    26. 鄭曼娜(2006)，從能源作物中提煉生質柴油，台灣月刊，2006年4月。
    27. 謝志強(2010a)，美國2011年RFS目標確定-纖維素生質燃料商業化進程緩，使用目標大幅調降，工業技術研究院(IEK)， 2010年12月。
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    二、 外文文獻

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