酸洗液對雞糞灰中回收磷的影響｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	劉恩宏 En-Hong Liu
論文名稱：	酸洗液對雞糞灰中回收磷的影響 Effect of acid eluants on the recovery of phosphorus from chicken manure incineration ash
指導教授：	劉志成 Jhy-Chern Liu
口試委員:	何豐謀 Feng-Mao Ho 黃志彬 Chi-Pin Huang 顧洋 Young Ku
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2020
畢業學年度：	108
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	115
中文關鍵詞：	酸萃取、雞糞飛灰、羥磷灰石、磷、回收、鳥糞石、廢物
外文關鍵詞：	Acid leaching, Chicken manure incineration ash (CMIA), Hydroxyapatite (HAP), Phosphorus, Recovery, Struvite, Waste
相關次數：	點閱：274 下載：1
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磷是所有生物生長和發育的必需營養素，並且存在於大多數有機材料中。但是，它
是不可再生的資源，而且即將耗盡。因此，從廢物中回收磷已成為當務之急。本研究的
目的是從雞糞焚化飛灰中回收磷，因為雞糞飛灰的磷含量很高。本研究使用了酸萃取-
鹼沉澱法。使用100 毫升的硝酸、鹽酸和硫酸萃取1 公克的雞糞飛灰，然後進行氨處
理，將酸鹼值調節至6.0、7.0 和8.0，以獲得沉澱物。本研究探討了酸的種類以及酸鹼
值對於沉澱的影響。使用硝酸和鹽酸時，有相似的萃取表現。但是，使用硫酸時因為硫
酸鈣的生成，導致萃取率低於使用其他兩種酸的萃取率。將氨水加入鹽酸和硝酸萃取後
得到的濾液進行的沉澱實驗中，觀察到相似的沉澱行為。在酸鹼值7.0 和8.0 時會形成
羥磷灰石沉澱，而在酸鹼值6.0 時會檢測到褐鐵礦。在使用硫酸時，磷的沉澱效率比其
他方法要低得多。在酸鹼值7.0 和8.0 時，從硫酸的萃取液產生的沉澱為鳥糞石和閃鋅
礦。但是，酸鹼值6.0 下的沉澱物因為量太少而無法測量。沉澱物在1,073 K 的溫度下
進行5 小時的鍛燒實驗，以增強結晶強度，也有助於判斷沉澱的純度。我們也比較微
波輔助的萃取實驗與傳統萃取，結果顯示，微波輔助萃取所需的時間與能源均比傳統的
來的低，即可達到相同的溫度及萃取效率，明顯提升萃取的效能。

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for the growth and development of all organisms and is present in most organic materials. However, it is a non-renewable resource and it is predicted to be depleted in the century. Therefore, the recovery of phosphorus from wastes has become an imperative issue. The purpose of the study is to recover phosphorus from chicken manure incineration ash (CMIA), which is the residue after chicken manure is subject to incineration that contains high amount of phosphorus.
The acid leaching – alkaline precipitation was used in the present study. Total of 100 mL of HNO3, HCl and H2SO4 were used, respectively, for leaching 1.0 g of CMIA and followed by ammonia addition. The eluants were adjusted to pH of 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, to induce precipitation. The precipitation reactions as affected by different types of acid and pH value were investigated. Similar leaching behaviors of phosphorus from CMIA were observed when using HNO3 and HCl. However, the leaching efficiency in using H2SO4 was lower than those from other two kinds of acids. The difference was influenced by the formation of CaSO4 when using H2SO4. Similar precipitation behaviors were observed in the precipitation experiments of eluants using HNO3 and HCl. The precipitation of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) was formed at pH 7.0 and 8.0 while monetite (CaHPO4) was detected at pH 6.0. In using H2SO4, the precipitation efficiencies of P were lower than the others. The precipitates from H2SO4 eluants were identified as struvite and dittmarite at pH 7.0 and 8.0. However, precipitate at pH 6.0 was too little to be measured. Calcination of the precipitations at 1,073 K for 5 h was also conducted to intensify the crystallinity and examine the purity of the precipitates.

摘要    I
ABSTRACT    II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT    III
LIST OF FIGURES    VII
LIST OF TABLES    IX
CHAPTER 1    1-1
1 Background    1-1
2 Objective    1-2
CHAPTER 2    2-1
1 Phosphorus    2-1
2 Removal and recovery of phosphate    2-3
2.1 Phosphorus contained in wastes    2-3
2.2 Processes for removal and recovery of phosphorus    2-5
2.3 Phosphorus by acid and base leaching    2-6
3 The characterization of hydroxyapatite and struvite    2-7
3.1 Hydroxyapatite (HAP)    2-7
3.2 Struvite    2-8
4 Calcination process    2-11
5 Microwave-assisted leaching    2-12
CHAPTER 3    3-1
1 Materials and reagents    3-1
2 Instrument    3-2
3 Methods    3-3
3.1 Experimental framework and procedures    3-3
3.2 Total metal content – Aqua-regia digestion (NIEA S321.63B)    3-3
3.3 Leaching process    3-4
3.4 Thermodynamic simulation software (PHREEQC)    3-4
3.5 Precipitation process    3-6
3.6 Wet chemical analysis    3-6
3.7 Calcination    3-7
3.8 Conventional leaching    3-7
3.9 Microwave-assisted leaching    3-7
4 Analysis procedure    3-11
4.1 pH meter    3-11
4.2 ICP-OES analysis    3-11
4.3 X-ray diffraction (XRD)    3-12
CHAPTER 4    4-1
1 Characterization of CMIA    4-1
1.1 Quantitative analysis    4-1
1.2 X-ray diffraction analysis    4-3
2 Leaching process    4-4
3    PHREEQC thermodynamic modeling    4-8
4 Precipitation process    4-10
4.1 Precipitates by alkaline treatment    4-10
4.2 Precipitates after calcination    4-14
4.3 Removal efficiency of P from the eluant    4-17
5 Wet chemical analysis    4-19
6 Conventional leaching    4-22
6.1 Kinetic study    4-22
7 Microwave-assisted leaching    4-24
7.1 Effect of acid concentration    4-24
7.2 Effect of microwave power    4-25
7.3 Effect of reaction time    4-26
7.4 Comparison of microwave-assisted with conventional leaching processes    4-27
CHAPTER 5    5-1
1 Conclusions    5-1
2 Recommendation    5-2
REFERENCE    R-1
APPENDIX A    A-1
PHREEQC Coding    A-1
APPENDIX B    B-1
CALIBRATION CURVE    B-1
APPENDIX C    C-1
EXPERIMENTAL DATA    C-1

                                

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