簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 吳修禎
Hsiu-Chen Wu
論文名稱: 網紅經濟下關鍵字搜尋意圖影響因素之研究
Research on Factors Influencing Keyword Search Intention Under the Internet Celebrity Economy
指導教授: 黃世禎
Shih-Chen Huang
口試委員: 盧希鵬
Hsi-Peng Lu
羅天一
Tien-Yi Lo
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 資訊管理系
Department of Information Management
論文出版年: 2018
畢業學年度: 106
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 179
中文關鍵詞: 網紅經濟網路紅人社群媒體直播關鍵字資訊搜尋意圖
外文關鍵詞: Internet Celebrity Economy, Internet Celebrity, Social Media, Live Broadcast, Keywords, Information Search Intention
相關次數: 點閱:595下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

近年來隨著網路與行動裝置的普及、消費模式的改變,一種獨特形式的社交媒體崛起,並被公認為「直播視頻平台」。互聯網用戶們更容易透過社交平台取得知名度,造就了網路紅人的蓬勃,甚至形成了「網紅經濟」,亦為「粉絲經濟」。自媒體的出現衝擊了傳統媒體生態,但對某些店家或企業來說卻是個新的銷售契機,是一個可以與消費者互動的銷售行為,能夠與現今最廣為使用的行銷手法「關鍵字行銷」搭配推廣,是近日新電子商務最為喜愛的行銷方式。然而「直播」與「網紅經濟」是近期兩年間才興起的趨勢,以亞洲地區開始擴展,甚至國外也還未普及網紅文化,因此過去相關探討的研究文獻極其少數。本研究以廣告涉入度到資訊搜尋行為為基底,並加入最新趨勢話題的網路紅人代言等變項因子與社群媒體直播變項因子作為使用情境之變數,來探討網紅經濟下關鍵字搜尋意圖影響之因素。
本研究使用問卷調查法進行研究與分析,經過研究結果分析證實,對於廣告有越高的涉入度,會有更高的關鍵字知覺,而有較高的關鍵字知覺,會有更高的關鍵字搜尋意圖。除此之外,對於網路紅人代言有正向的影響,不僅網路紅人代言的吸引度、喜好度、熟悉度、可靠度、專業度等都能有效的提升。然而網路紅人直播代言使用情境下,人們更重視對於網路紅人代言的喜好感受,不要求吸引人或熟悉感的網紅、不需要完全聽懂專業或可靠的資訊,就進而擁有較高的關鍵字知覺。另外,相對於社群媒體直播下之使用時間、行為表現,虛擬社群更能有效幫助閱聽人知覺關鍵字。透過虛擬社群的討論,能夠增加閱聽人對於網路紅人代言的吸引度,卻不會影響對原有網路紅人代言的熟悉感與喜好度 ; 不僅如此,這樣的討論串更能夠增加網路紅人代言訊息的可靠性。如果網紅代言已有相當的專業性,相對降低了閱聽人對於產品的不確定性,就會導致缺乏資訊搜尋意圖。
另外本研究透過分群發現,有觀看網路紅人直播代言經驗者,在較高的廣告涉入度情況下,會對網路紅人代言之吸引度與熟悉度更為在意。在虛擬社群調節下,會因為較有吸引力、可靠度之網紅代言給予回饋,甚至有較高的關鍵字知覺。在性別方面,男性比起女性更在乎網路紅人代言的熟悉感,能有比起女性更高的關鍵字知覺程度。根據本研究的研究結果希望能對學術上更加貢獻,且實務上希望對於網紅經濟、關鍵字行銷與搜尋引擎優化的操作人員有所幫助。


In recent years, the rise of a unique form of social media has been recognized as a "live video platform" with the popularization of the Internet, mobile devices and changes in consumption patterns. Internet users are more likely to gain popularity through social platforms. And that created a prosperity of internet celebrity, even formed the "Internet Celebrity Economy", as "Fan economy". The appearance of self-media has impacted the traditional-media ecology, but it is a new sales- opportunity for some stores or businesses. It is a sales-action that can interact with consumers and can be promoted with the most widely used marketing tactics of "Keyword Marketing". It is the most popular marketing method for new e-commerce in recent days. Since the "Live Broadcast" and "Internet Celebrity Economy" have only emerged in the recent two years, the expansion of the Asian region has begun, and even the foreign community has not yet popularized the Internet Celebrity Economy Culture. Therefore, the relevant research literature has been extremely few in the past. This research based on the degree of advertisement involvement to information search behavior, and adds variable factors such as Internet Celebrity Endorsements of the latest trend topics and Social Media Broadcast variable factors as the variables of usage scenarios. To explore the factors Influencing keyword search intention under the Internet Celebrity Economy.
This study used questionnaires to conduct research and analysis. After analysis of the research results, it was confirmed that the higher the degree of involvement in advertising, the higher the awareness of keywords, and the higher the awareness of keywords, the higher the keyword search intention. In addition, there is a positive impact on the endorsement of the Internet Celebrity, and not only the attractiveness, preference, familiarity, reliability, and professionalism of the Internet Celebrity Endorsement can be effectively improved. However, in the context of the use of the live-endorsement of the Internet Celebrity, people pay more attention to the feelings of favor for Internet Celebrity, do not require attractive or familiar, do not need to fully understand professional or reliable information, and then have to have Higher keyword awareness. In addition, the virtual community is more effective in helping people to aware keywords than the passing time and behavior of the social media live broadcast. Through the discussion of the virtual community, we can increase the audience's attractiveness for Internet Celebrity Endorsements, but it will not affect the familiarity and preference of the existing online Internet Celebrity Endorsement. Not only that, such discussions can be more effective. Increase the reliability and professionalism of Internet Celebrity Endorsement's messages. If the Internet Celebrity Endorsement has been quite professional, it will relatively reduce the audience's uncertainty about the product, which will lead to a lack of information search intentions.
In addition, this study found that through grouping, there are people who have watched the Internet Celebrity Endorsement experience, in the case of a higher degree of advertising involvement, will be more concerned about the degree of attraction and familiarity of Internet Celebrity Endorsement. Under the regulation of the virtual community, feedback will be given because of the more attractive, reliable Internet Celebrity Endorsement, and even higher keyword awareness. In terms of gender, Men are more concerned about the familiarity of Internet Celebrity Endorsement than Women and have a higher degree of keyword awareness than women. According to the research results of this study, it is hoped that it will contribute more to academics, and in practice, it is hoped that it will be helpful to operators of Internet Celebrity Economy, keyword marketing, and search engine optimization.

目錄 摘要...............................I Abstract...........................II 致謝...............................III 目錄...............................IV 圖目錄.............................VI 表目錄.............................VII 第一章、緒論........................1 1.1 研究背景........................1 1.2 研究動機........................2 1.3 研究目的........................3 1.4 研究流程........................4 第二章、文獻探討.....................5 2.1 廣告涉入度.......................5 2.2 資訊搜尋行為.....................13 2.2.1 關鍵字知覺.....................16 2.2.2 關鍵字搜尋意圖..................23 2.3 社群媒體.........................26 2.4 自媒體...........................33 2.5 網紅經濟.........................41 2.5.1 代言人/推薦人...................47 2.5.2 口碑行銷.......................57 2.5.3 業配...........................60 第三章、研究架構與方法.................62 3.1 研究架構..........................62 3.2 研究假說.........................64 3.3 變數衡量.........................80 3.4 研究設計 3.4.1 研究樣本........................84 3.4.2 分析方法........................86 3.5 前測........................87 第四章、資料分析與討論.................90 4.1 指標適切性檢驗...................90 4.1.1 反映性指標信效度檢驗.............90 4.1.2 形成性指標共線性檢驗.............94 4.2 敘述性統計.......................97 4.2.1 基本資料分析...................98 4.2.2 使用經驗分析...................100 4.3 研究假說與結構模型檢定............103 4.4 樣本分群之研究假說與結構模型檢定...110 4.5 研究結果討論.....................123 4.5.1 廣告涉入度 與 關鍵字知覺 與 關鍵字搜尋意圖..123 4.5.2 網路紅人代言 與 廣告涉入度、資料搜尋行為....124 4.5.3 社群媒體直播 與 網路紅人代言、資訊搜尋行為..125 第五章、結論與建議........................127 5.1 學術上的貢獻........................129 5.2 實務上的貢獻........................130 5.3 研究限制........................135 5.4 未來研究方向.....................136 參考文獻.............................137 附錄、正式問卷.......................165  

英文文獻
1. Abhilasha and Mehta. (2000). Advertising Attitudes and Advertising Effectiveness Journal of Advertising Research, 40(3) , 67-72.
2. Acar, A. S., & Polonsky, M. (2007). Online Social Networks and Insights into Marketing Communications, Journal of Internet Commerce, 6 (4), 55-72.
3. Ahlering, R. F. (1987). Need for cognition, attitudes, and the 1984 presidential election. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 100-102.
4. Ajzen, I. (1985). "From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds) ", Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior :11-39, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
5. Ajzen, I. (1991). "The theory of planned behavior." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50(2): 179-211.
6. Algesheimer, R., Dholakia, U. M., & Herrmann, A. (2005). The social influence of brand community: Evidence from European car clubs. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 19e34.
7. Amichai-Hanburger, Y., Kaynar, O., & Fine, A. (2007). The effect of need for cognition on Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 880-891.
8. Anderson, C. W. (1989). Learning To Control an Inverted Pendulum Using Neural Networks. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 9(3), pp. 31-37.
9. Andreoli,V.,&Worchel,S.(1978) Effects of Media, Communicator, and Message Position on Attitude Change. Public Opinion Quarterly,42 (1),59-70.
10. Andrews, J. C. (1989). The Dimensionality of Beliefs Toward Advertising in General, Journal of Advertising, 18(1), 26-35.
11. Anti, J. H. (1984). Conceptualization and Operationalization of Involvement, Advance in Consumer Research, 11, 203-209.
12. Antil, J. H. (1984). "Socially Responsible Consumers: Profile and Implications for Public Policy." Journal of Macromarketing 4(2): 18-39.
13. Antil, J., Burton, R., & Robinson, M. (2012). Exploring the challenges facing female athletes as endorsers. Journal of Brand Strategy, 1(3), 292-307.
14. Anupam, V., Mayer , A., Nissim, K., Pinkas, B. & Reiter, M. (1999). On the security of pay-per-click and other web advertising schemes. Computer Networks, 31, pp. 1091-1100.
15. Applbaum & Anatol (1972). The factor structure of source credibility as a function of the speaking situation. Communication Monographs, 39(3), 216 – 222.
16. Armstrong, C. L., & McAdams, M. J. (2009). Blogs of information: How gender cues and individual motivations influence perceptions of credibility. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 14(3), 435-456.
17. Arndt, J. (1967). Role of product-related conversations in the diffusion of a new product. Journal of Marketing Research, 4(3), 291-295. doi: 10.2307/3149462
18. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20e39.
19. Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325e374.
20. Assael, H. (1998). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action. South-western College Pulishing, Cincinnati.
21. Badrinarayanan, V. A., Sierra, J. J., & Martin, K. M. (2015). A dual identification framework of online multiplayer video games: The case of massively multi- player online role playing games (MMORPGs). Journal of Business Research, 68(5), 1045e1052.
22. Baker, M. J., & Churchill, G. A. (1977) The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(4),
23. Bambauer-Sachse, S., & Mangold, S. (2013). Do consumers still believe what is said in online product reviews? A persuasion knowledge approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(4), 373-381.
24. Batra, R., & Homer, P. M. (2004). The situational impact of brand image beliefs. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(3), 318-330.
25. Battarbee, K. (2003a). Defining co-experience. In Proceedings of the 2003 interna- tional conference on Designing pleasurable products and interfaces (pp. 109e113) (Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
26. Bayles, M. E., & Chaparro, B. (2001, October). Recall and recognition of static vs. animated banner advertisements. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (pp. 1201-1204). SAGE Publications.
27. Beatty, S. E., & Smith, S. M. (1987).External Search Effort: an Investigation Across Several Product Categories.Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 83-95.
28. Beatty, S. E., L. R. Kahle and P. Homer (1988). "The Involvement-Commitment Model: Theory and Implications." Journal of Business Research 16(2): 149-167.
29. Benevenuto, F., Rodrigues, T., Almeida, V., Almeida, J., & Ross, K. (2009). Video interactions in online video social networks. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), 5(4), 30.
30. Bennett, L. (2014). Fan/celebrity interactions and social media: Connectivity and engagement in lady gaga fandom. In L. Duits, K. Zwann, & S. Reijnders (Eds.), The ashgate research companion to fan cultures (pp. 109e120). Ashgate Publishing.
31. Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 58(4), 707- 731. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00410.x
32. Bettman, J. R. (1979). An Information Processing Theory of Consumer Choice., MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
33. Bettman, J. R., & Park, C. W. (1980). Effect of Prior Knowledge and Experience and Phase of the Choice Process on Consumer Decision Processes: A Protocol Analysis.Journal of Consumer Research, 7(Dec), 234-248.
34. Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: A frame- work for understanding consumers' relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76e88.
35. Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 31-40.
36. Bimber, B. (2004). The Internet and Political Fragmentation. Paper presented at the The Democracy in the 21st Century Conference, Urbama-Champagne, IL.
37. Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W. & J. F. Engel (2001). Consumer Behavior (10 ed.), New York: The Dryden Press.
38. Blackwell, R. D., Miniard, P. W. and Engel, J. F. (2001). Consumer Behavior, 9th Edition, Harcourt Asia Pte Led Publisher: Ohio, Mike Roche.
39. Blakeborough, D. (2012). Watching YouTube: Extraordinary Videos from Ordinary People. Canadian Journal of Communication, 37(2).
40. Bloch, P. H., Sherrell, D. L., & Ridgway, N. M. (1986). Consumer Search: an Extended Framework.Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 119-126.
41. Bone, P. F. (1992). Determinants of Word-of-Mouth Communications during Product Consumption. Advances in Consumer Research ,19(1), 579-583.
42. Boon, S. D., & Lomore, C. D. (2001). Admirer-celebrity relationships among young adults. Human Communication Research, 27(3), 432e465.
43. Bouazza, A. (1989). Information User Studies, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, 44(9), pp. 144-164. New York : M. Dekker.
44. Bower, Amanda B. & Stacy Landreth (2001), “Is beauty best? Highs versus normally attractive models in advertising.” Journal of Advertising, Spring, pp. 1-12.
45. Boyd, C. T. & C. H. Mason (1999). The Link Between Attractiveness of ‘Extrabrand’ Attributes and the Adoption of Innovations, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27, 306-319.
46. Broder, A. (2002). A Taxonomy of Web Search. SIGIR Forum, 36(2), 25-36.
47. Brown, J. J., & Reingen, P. H. (1987). Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 350-362.
48. Brown, W. J. (2015). Examining four processes of audience involvement with media personae: Transportation, parasocial interaction, identification, and worship. Communication Theory, 25(3), 259e283.
49. Brown, W. J., & Basil, M. D. (2010). Parasocial interaction and identification: Social change processes for effective health interventions. Health Communication, 25(6e7), 601e602.
50. Brown, W. J., & Fraser, B. P. (2008). Global identification with celebrity heroes. In S. Drucker & G. Gumpert (Eds.), Heroes in a Global World. Cresskill, NJ: HamptonPress, Inc.
51. Bryant, J., & Davies, J. (2006). Selective exposure Process. In J. Bryant & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Psychology of Entertainment (pp. 19). Manhwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
52. Buchholz, L. M. and R. E. Smith (1991). "The Role of Consumer Involvement in Determining Cognitive Response to Broadcast Advertising." Journal of Advertising 20(1): .4-17.
53. Burgess, J., & Green, J. (2013). YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture. John Wiley & Sons.
54. Burke, K. (1925). Psychology and form. The Dial, 79(1), 34-46.
55. Bystrom, K., & Jarvelin, K (1995). Task complexity affects information seeking and use. Information Processing & Management, 31 (March- April), 196-197.
56. Cacioppo, J. T. & D. Schumann (1983). Central and Perpheral Routes to Dvertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Imvolvement, Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (9), 135-147.
57. Celsi, R. L. & J. C. Olson (1988). The Role of Involvement in Attention and Comprehension Processes, Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (2), 210-224.
58. Centeno, D., & Wang, J. J. (2017). Celebrities as human brands: An inquiry on stakeholder-actor co-creation of brand identities. Journal of Business Research, 74, 133-138.
59. Chaiken, Shelly ,& Eagly, Alice H.(1976). Communication modality as a determinant of message persuasiveness and message comprehensibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,34(4), 605-614.
60. Chatterjee, P. (2001). Online reviews: do consumers use them?
61. Chaudhury, A., D. N. Mallick, H. R. Rao(2001), “Web Channel In E-Commerce”,Association For Computing Machinery, Vol. 44, Iss. 1, pp. 99-104
62. Chen, K., Luo, P., & Wang, H. (2017). An influence framework on product word-of-mouth (WoM) measurement. Information & Management, 54(2), 228-240.doi: 10.1016/j.im.2016.06.010
63. Cheung, C. M., & Lee, M. K. (2012). What drives consumers to spread electronic word of mouth in online consumer-opinion 10.1016/j.dss.2012.01.015
64. Chevalier, J. A., & Mayzlin, D. (2006). The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book reviews. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(3), 345-354.
65. Chi, H. H. (2011). Interactive digital advertising vs. virtual brand community: Exploratory study of user motivation and social media marketing responses in Taiwan. Journal of Advertising Research 52. doi:10.1080/15252019.2011.10722190
66. Cho, C. H. (1999). How advertising works on WWW: Modified elaboration likelihood model. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 21(1), 33-50.
67. Cho, C. H., & Leckenby, J. D. (1999). Interactivity as a Measure of Advertising Effectiveness: Antecedents and Consequences of Interactivity in Web Advertising. Paper presented at the 1999 Conference of American Academy of Advertising, Austin: University of Texas.
68. Chu, S.-C., & Kamal, S. (2008). The effect of perceived blogger credibility and argument quality on message elaboration and brand attitudes: An exploratory study. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), 26-37.
69. Clancy, K. J., Lyman E. Ostlund and G. A. Wyner (1979). "False Reporting of Magazine Readership." Journal of Advertising Research 19: 23-30.
70. Clever, N., Kirchner, A., Schray, D., & Schulte, M. (2009). User-generated content. wi. uni-muenster. de, 1-3.
71. Click, M. A., Lee, H., & Holladay, H. W. (2013). Making monsters: Lady Gaga, fan identification, and social media. Popular Music and Society, 36(3), 360e379.
72. Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society, 4(3), 245-264.
73. Consumers’ Attitudes and Purchase Intentions When a High versus a Low Credibility Endorser Is Used in the Ad. Journal of Business Research 44, 109-116 .
74. Court, D., Elzinga, D., Mulder, S., & Vetvik, O. J. (2009). The consumer decision journey. McKinsey Quarterly, 3, 1—11.
75. Couvering, E. J. V. (2004). New media? The political economy of Internet search engines. 2004 Conference of the International Association of Media & Communications Researchers (IAMCR), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
76. Crano, W. D. (1970). Effects of sex, response order, and expertise in conformity: A dispositional approach. Sociometry, 239-252.
77. Crisci, R., & Kassinove, H. (1973). Effect of perceived expertise, strength of advice, and environmental setting on parental compliance. The Journal of Social Psychology, 89(2),245-250.
78. Das, S., Echambadi, R., McCardle, M., & Luckett, M. (2003). The effect of interpersonal trust, need for cognition, and social loneliness on shopping, information seeking and surfing on the web. Marketing Letters, 14(3), 185-202.
79. Daugherty, T., Eastin, M. S., & Bright, L. (2008). Exploring Consumer Motivations for Creating User-Generated Content, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 8(2), 16- 25.
80. Davidson, E., & Vaast, E. (2009). Tech talk: An investigation of blogging in technology innovation discourse. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication,52(1), 40-60.
81. Day, G. S. (1971). Attitude Change Media and Word of Mouth. Journal of Advertising Research, 11(6), 31-40.
82. DeSarbo, W. S., & Harshman, R. A. (1985). Celebrity-brand congruence analysis. Current issues and research in advertising, 8(1), 17-52.
83. Dholakia & Sternthal, (1977). Highly Credible Sources: Persuasive Facilitators or Persuasive Liabilities? The Journal of Consumer Research, 3(4) ,223-232.
84. Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network-and small-group-based virtual communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 241e263.
85. Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319.
86. Du Plessis, E. (1994). "RECOGNITION VERSUS RECALL." Journal of Advertising Research 34(3): 75-91.
87. Duan, W., Gu, B., & Whinston, A. B. (2008). The dynamics of online word-of-mouth and product sales—An empirical investigation of the movie industry. Journal of Retailing, 84(2), 233-242.
88. Duhan, D. F., S. D. Johnson, J. B. Wilcox, and G. D. Harrell. (1997). Influences on Consumer use of Word-of-Mouth Recommendation Sources. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 283-295.
89. Effectiveness of Athlete Celebrity Endorser Characteristics and Product Brand Type: The Endorser Sexpertise Continuum. Journal of Sport Administration & Supervision, 1(1), 52-64.
90. Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
91. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D. and Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer Behavio. 8th ed,New York:The Dryden Press.
92. Erdogan, Z, B.(1999). Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature Review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15,291-314.
93. Essock-Vitale, S. M., & McGuire, M. T. (1985). Women's lives viewed from an evolutionary perspective. II. Patterns of helping. Ethology and Sociobiology, 6(3), 155-173.
94. Etzioni, A., O. Etzion(i 1999), “Face-TO-Face And Computer-Mediated Communities, A Comparative Analysis”, The Information Society, Vol. 15, Iss. 4, pp. 241-248
95. Feldman, J. M., J. G. Lynch(1988), “Self-Generated Validity And Other Effects Of Measurement On Belief, Attitude, Intention, And Behavior”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 73, Iss. 3, pp. 421-435
96. Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Standford: Stanford University Press.
97. Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intentionand Behavior:An Introduction to Theory and Research. MA:Addision-Wesiey .
98. Flanagin, A. J., & Metzger, M. J. (2008). The credibility of volunteered geographic information. GeoJournal, 72(3-4), 137-148.
99. Fogg, B. J., & Tseng, H. (1999, May). The elements of computer credibility. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 80-87). ACM.
100. Frederick, E. L., Lim, C. H., Clavio, G., & Walsh, P. (2012). Why we follow: An ex-amination of parasocial interaction and fan motivations for following athlete archetypes on Twitter. International Journal of Sport Communication, 5(4),481e502.
101. Freedman, J. L. (1964). Involvement, Discrepancy and Change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69(3), pp. 290-295.
102. Freedman, J. L. (1965). Confidence, utility, and selective exposure: a partial replication.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(5), 778.doi:10.1037/h0022670
103. Freiden, Jon B. (1984), “Advertising Spokesperson Effects:An Examination of Endorser Type and Gender on Two Audiences.” Journal of Advertising Research, 24, October/November, pp. 33-41.
104. Frieden, J. B. (1984). Advertising spokesperson effects: An examination of endorser type and gender on two audiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 33-41.
105. Friedman, H. & Linda F. (1979). Endorser effectiveness by product Type. Journal of Advertising Research, 19(5), 63-71.
106. Gamson, J. (2011). The unwatched life is not worth living: The elevation of the ordinary in celebrity culture. PMLA, 126(4), 1061-1069.
107. Gardner, M. P., A. A. Mitchell and J. E. Russo (1985). " Low Involvement Strategies for Processing Advertisements." Journal of Advertising 14(2): 4-56.
108. Garretson, J. A., & Niedrich, R. W. (2004). SPOKES-CHARACTERS Creating Character Trust and Positive Brand Attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 33(2),25–36.
109. Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: The role of familiarity and trust. Omega, 28(6), 725-737.
110. Giles, D. C., & Maltby, J. (2004). The role of media figures in adolescent development: Relations between autonomy, attachment, and interest in celebrities. Personality and individual differences, 36(4), 813-822.
111. Gillmor, D. (2006). We the media: Grassroots journalism by the people, for the people.Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly.
112. Giustini, D. (2006). How Web 2.0 is changing medicine. British Medical Journal, 333,1283-1284.
113. Goldsmith, Ronald E., Barbara A. Lafferty & Stephen J. Newell (2000), “The impact of corporate credibility and celebrity credibility on consumer reaction to advertisements and brands.” Journal of Advertising, 29, Iss. 3, pp. 43-54.
114. Graf, J., & Aday, S. (2008). Selective attention to online political information. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(1), 86-100. doi:10.1080/08838150701820874
115. Grewal, D., R. Krishnan, J. Baker & N. Borin (1998). The Effect of Store Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers' Evaluations and Purchase Intentions, Journal of Retailing, 74, 331-352.
116. Grewal, Dhruv, Monroe, K. B., and Krishnan, R. (1998). The Effects of Price-comparison Advertising on Buyers’ Perceptions of Acquisition Value, Transaction Value, and Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Marketing, 62(April), 46-59.
117. Grossman, L. (2006). Best invention: YouTube. Time Magazine, November 7.
118. Gunther, A. C. (1992). Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56(2), 147-167.
119. Ha, L., & James, E. L. (1998). Interactivity reexamined: A baseline analysis of early business web site. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-469.
120. Haber, R. N. (1970). "How We Remember What We See." Scientific American 222(5):104-112.
121. Hackley, C., & Hackley, R. A. (2015). Marketing and the cultural production of celebrity in the era of media convergence. Journal of Marketing Management, 31(5-6), 461-477.
122. Hagel III, J., & Armstrong, A. G.(1997). Net Gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities. Boston,:MA: Harvard Business School Press.
123. Hall-Phillips, A., Park, J., Chung, T. L., Anaza, N. A., & Rathod, S. R. (2016). I (heart) social ventures: Identification and social media engagement. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 484e491.
124. Hamburger, Y. A., & Ben-Artzi, E. (2000). The relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and the different uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(4), 441-449.
125. Hamilton, W. A., Garretson, O., & Kerne, A. (2014). Streaming on twitch: Fostering participatory communities of play within live mixed media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1315e1324). Toronto, Ontario: Canada, ACM.
126. Hammock, A. (2008). The new fame: Internet celebrity. CNN. Retrieved June 12, 2017, from http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/05/01/roflcon/
127. Hanna, N. and R. Wozniak (2001). Consumer Behavior, Prentice- Hall Inc.
128. Hanna, R., Rohm, A., & Crittenden, V. L. (2011). We’re all connected: The power of the social media ecosystem. Busi- ness Horizons, 54(3), 265—273.
129. Haugtvedt, C. P.,& Petty R. E.,& Cacioppo, J. T.(1992). Need for Cognition and Advertising: Understanding the Role of Personality Variables in Consumer Behavior, Journal of Consumer Psychology,1(3),239-260.
130. Haythornthwaite, C. (2005), Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Communication & Society, 8 (2), 125–147.
131. Heckler, S. E., & Childers, T. L. (1992). The Role of Expectancy and Relevancy in Memory for Verbal and Visual Information: What is Incongruency? Journal of Consumer Research. 18(4), 475-492.
132. Heckler, S. E., Childers, T. L., & Houston, M. J. (1993). On the construct validity of the SOP scale. Journal of Mental Imagery, 17(3-4), 119-132.
133. Helm, S. V., Renk, U., & Mishra, A. (2016). Exploring the impact of employees' self- concept, brand identification and brand pride on brand citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Marketing, 50(1/2), 58e77.
134. Herr, P. M., F. R. Kardes, and J. Kim. (1991). Effects of word-of-mouth and product-attribute information on persuasion: An accessibility-diagnosticity perspective. The Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 454-462.
135. Hiou, Y.-H., Chen, M.-H., Huang, L.-S., Huang, L.-R., & Hu, S.-R. (2008). The Effects of Blog Product Placement Type and Source Credibility on the Attitudes Toward Product Placement in Taiwan. Paper presented at the International Conference on Business and Information, Seoul, South Korea, July.
136. Ho-Dac, N. N., Carson, S. J., & Moore, W. L. (2013). The effects of positive and negative online customer reviews: do brand strength and category maturity matter? Journal of Marketing, 77(6), 37-53.
137. Hofacker, C. F., & Murphy, J. (2000). Clickable World Wide Web banner ads and content sites. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 14(1), 49-59.
138. Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). "Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conception Foundations." Journal of Marketing, 60(July), 50-68.
139. Holleschovsky, N. I., & Constantinides, E. (2016). Impact of online product reviews on purchasing decisions.
140. Hölscher, C., & Strube, G. (2000). "Web Search Behavior of Internet Experts and Newbies."Computer Networks, 33, 337-346.
141. Hopkins, J. (2009). Blogging Field Notes: Participatory Innovation or Methodological Dead End? Paper presented at the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association Conference, QUT, Brisbane, July.
142. Houston, M. J. and Rothschild, M. L. (1977). A Paradigm for Research on Consumer Involvement. Unpublished paper, Graduate School of Business, University of Wisconsin- Madison.
143. Houston, M. J., & Rothschild, M. J. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. In S. Jain (Ed.), Research frontiers in marketing: Dialogues and directions (pp.184-187). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
144. Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public opinion quarterly, 15(4), 635-650.
145. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and persuasion;psychological studies of opinion change.
146. Hovland, I. and Weiss, T. (1953). Transmission of information concerning concepts through positive and negative instances. Journal of Psychol, 175-182.
147. Hsu, H. Y., & Tsou, H. T. (2011). Understanding customer experiences in online blog environments. International Journal of Information Management, 31(6), 510-523. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.05.003
148. Hsu, L. C., Chih, W. H., & Liou, D. K. (2015). Understanding community citizenship behavior in social networking sites. Industrial Management & Data Systems,115(9), 1752e1772.
149. Hu, M., Zhang, M., & Luo, N. (2016). Understanding participation on video sharing communities: The role of self-construal and community interactivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 105e115.
150. Hugstand, P., J. W. Taylor, G. D. Bruce(1987), “The Effects Of Social Risk On Consumer Information Search”, The Journal of Service Marketing, Vol. 1, Iss. 1, pp. 47-52
151. Inman, J. J., & McAllister, L. (1994). Do coupon expiration dates affect consumer behavior? Journal of Marketing Research, 31(3), 423—428.
152. Jerslev, A. (2016). In the time of the microcelebrity: Celebrification and the YouTuber Zoella. International Journal of Communication, 10, 19.
153. Jin, S. A. A., & Phua, J. (2014). Following celebrities' tweets about brands: The impact of Twitter-based electronic word-of-mouth on consumers' source credibility perception, buying intention, and social identification with celebrities. Journal of Advertising, 43(2), 181e195.
154. Jones, J. M., & Vijayasarathy, L. R. (1998). Internet consumer catalog shopping: Findings from an exploratory study and directions for further research. Internet Research, 8(4), 322-328.
155. Joseph, W. B. (1982). The credibility of physically attractive communicators: A review. Journal of advertising, 11(3), 15-24.
156. Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical attractiveness of the celebrity endorser: A social adaptation perspective. Journal of consumer research, 11(4), 954-961.
157. Kaikati, J. G.(1987). Celebrity advertising: a Review and Synthesis, International Journal of Advertising, 6(2), 93-106.
158. Kale, A. (2007). Modeling Trust and Influence on Blogosphere Using Link Polarity. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
159. Kamins, M. A. (1990). An investigation into the match up hypothesis in celebrity advertising: When beauty may be only skin deep? Journal of Advertising,19, 4-13.
160. Kamins, Michael A., Meribeth J. Brand, Stuart A. Hoeke, John C. Moe (1989), “Two-Sided Versus One-Sided Celebrity Endorsements: The Impact on Advertising Effectiveness and Credibility.” Journal of Advertising, 18, Iss. 2, pp. 4-10.
161. Kapferer, J. N. & G. Laurent (1986). Consumer Involvement Profiles: A New Practical Approach to Consumer Involvement, Journal of Advertising Research, 25 (6),48-56.
162. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Definition and classification of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 1-15.
163. Katona, G., and E. Mueller (1954). A Study of Purchasing Decisions, In Consumer Behavior: The Dynamics of Consumer Reaction. Ed. L. H. Clark. New York: New York University Press, 30-87.
164. Katz, Elihu (1961). The Social Itinery of Technical Changes: Two Studies in the Diffusion of Innovation. Human Organization, 1(20), 70-82.
165. Keen, A. (2011). The Cult of the Amateur: How Blogs, MySpace, YouTube and the Rest of Today's User Generated Media are Killing Our Culture and. London : Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
166. Kelman, Herbert C. (1961), “Processes of Opinion Change.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 25, Iss. 1, pp.57-78.
167. Khan, G. F., & Vong, S. (2014). Virality over YouTube: An empirical analysis. Internet Research, 24(5), 629e647.
168. Kiel, Geoffrey C. and Roger A. Layton.(1981).Dimensions of Consumer Information Seeking Behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (May),233-239.
169. Kim, G. (2009). The future of YouTube: Critical reflections on YouTube users’ discussionover its future. UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 5(2), 1-30.
170. Klapper, J. T. (1960). The Effects of Mass Communication. New York: Free Press.
171. Klaus, N. & Bailey, A. A. (2008). Celebrity Endorsements: An Examination of Gender and Consumers’ Attitudes. American Journal of Business, 23(2), 53-61.
172. Kleine, R. E., Kleine, S. S., & Kernan, J. B. (1993). Mundane consumption and the self: A social-identity perspective. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2(3), 209e235.
173. Knight, H.E., & Hurmerinta, L. (2010). Who endorses whom? Meanings transfer in celebrity endorsement. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 19(6),452–460.
174. Komito, L. (1998). The Net as a Foraging Society: Flexible Communities. The Information Society, 14(2), 97-106.
175. Kotler, P. (1996). Marketing management-analysis, planning, implementation, and control, 9th ed. N. J.:Prentice Hall International.
176. Kotler, P.(1998), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, And Control, 9th ed., Prentice-Hall, Canberra.
177. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2008). Marketing Management, 13th ed, London: Pearson.
178. Krugman, H. E. (1965). The Impact of Television Advertising: Learing without Involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 349-356.
179. Krumm, J., Davies, N., & Narayanaswami, C. (2008). User-generated content. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 4(7), 10-11.
180. Kwak, H., Fox, R. J. & G. M. Zinkhan (2002). What Products Can be Successfully Promoted and Sold Via the Internet, Journal of Advertising Research, 1, 23-38.
181. Kwon, E. S., Kim, E., Sung, Y., & Yoo, C. Y. (2014). Brand followers: Consumer motivation and attitude towards brand communications on Twitter. International Journal of Advertising, 33, 657-680. doi:10.2501/IJA-33-4-657-680
182. Laczniak , Russell N.,& Muehling, Darrel D.,& Grossbart, Sanford (1989).
183. Lafferty, B. A., & Goldsmith, R. E.(1999). Corporate Credibility’s Role in
184. Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 13(1), 361e380.
185. Lange, P. G. (2009). Videos of affinity on YouTube. In: P. Snickars and P. Vonderau (Eds.) The Youtube Reader (pp. 228–247). Stockholm: National Library of Sweden.
186. Leavitt, C., A. G. Greenwald and C. Obermiller (1981). "What is Low Involvement Low In?" Advances in Consumer Research 8(1): 15-19.
187. Leigh, J. H. & M. Anil (1987). Audience Involvement Effects on the Information Processing of Umbrella Print Advertisements, Journal of Advertising, 16 (3),3-12.
188. Leung, L. (2009). User-generated content on the internet: an examination of gratifications, civic engagement and psychological empowerment. New media & society, 11(8), 1327-1347.
189. Li, F., & Du, T. C. (2011). Who is talking? An ontology-based opinion leader identification framework for word-of-mouth marketing in online social blogs. Decision Support Systems, 51(1), 190-197. doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2010.12.007
190. Lim, S., Cha, S. Y., Park, C., Lee, I., & Kim, J. (2012). Getting closer and experiencing together: Antecedents and consequences of psychological distance in social media-enhanced real-time streaming video. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1365e1378.
191. Lin, H., Fan, W., & Chau, P. Y. (2014). Determinants of users' continuance of social networking sites: A self-regulation perspective. Information & Management, 51(5), 595e603.
192. Lindsey-Mullikin, J. and N. Borin (2017). "Why strategy is key for successful social media sales." Business Horizons 60(4): 473-482.
193. Lindsey-Mullikin, J. and N. Borin (2017). "Why strategy is key for successful social media sales." Business Horizons 60(4): 473-482.
194. Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism management, 29(3), 458-468. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011
195. Liu, S.-H., Chou, C.-H., & Liao, H.-L. (2015). An exploratory study of product placement in social media. Internet Research, 25(2), 300-316.
196. Lord, K. R. and R. E. Burnkrant (1993). "Attention Versus Distraction: The Interactive Effect of Program Involvement And Attentional Devices on Commercial Processing." Journal of Advertising 22(1): 47-60.
197. Lord, K. R., & Putrevu, S. (2009). Informational and transformational responses to celebrity endorsements. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 31(1), 1-13.
198. Lu, L.-C., Chang, W.-P., & Chang, H.-H. (2014). Consumer attitudes toward blogger‟s sponsored recommendations and purchase intention: The effect of sponsorship type, product type, and brand awareness. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 258-266.
199. Luo, N., Zhang, M., Hu, M., & Wang, Y. (2016). How community interactions contribute to harmonious community relationships and customers' identifica- tion in online brand community. International Journal of Information Manage- ment, 36(5), 673e685.
200. M. McLuhan &E. McLuhan(1988). Laws of media. Canada:University of Toronto.
201. Macias, W. (2003). A preliminary structural equation model of comprehension and persuasion of interactive advertising brand web sites. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 3(2). Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://jiad.org/vol3/no2/macias/index.htm
202. MacInnis, D. J., & Stayman, D. M. (1993). Focal and Emotional Integration: Constructs, Measures, and Preliminary Evidence. Journal of Advertising, 22(4), 51-66.
203. Maddox, L. M. and G. Wen .(2005). Effects of URLs in traditional media advertising in China. International Marketing Review, 22(6),673-692.
204. Maddux, J. E., & Rogers, R. W. (1980). Effects of source expertness, physical attractiveness, and supporting arguments on persuasion: A case of brains over beauty. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(2), 235.
205. Maheswaran, D. ,& Meyers-Levy, J.(1990).The Influence of Message Framing and Issue Involvement. Journal of Marketing Research,27(3),361-367.
206. Malhotra, M. K. (1983). On Individual Differences in Search Behavior for Nondurable.Journal of Consumer Research, 10(June), 125-131.
207. Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357—365.
208. Manipulating Message Involvement in Advertising Research. Journal of Advertising,18(2),28-38.
209. Marshall, P. D., & Redmond, S. (2015). A companion to celebrity. John Wiley & Sons.
210. Martin, B. A. S., Sherrard, M. J., & Wentzel, D. (2005). The role of sensation seeking and need for cognition on web-site evaluations: A resource-matching perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 22(2), 109-124.
211. Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence, 17(2), 139-158.
212. Mathur, Lynette K., IKE Mathur & Nanda Rangan (1997), “The wealth effects Associated with a celebrity Endorses: the Michael Jordan phenomenon.” Journal of Advertising Research, May-June, pp. 67-73.
213. McCormick, K. (2016). Redefining the celebrity: „Self-made‟ versus „Manufactured‟ celebrity endorsers‟ impact on consumers‟ attitudes and purchase intentions. Fashion, Style & Popular Culture, 3(3), 339-356.
214. McCracken, Grant (1989), “Who Is The Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations Of The Endorsement Process.” Journal of Consumer Research, 16, Iss. 3, pp. 310-321.
215. McGinnies, E., & Ward, C. D. (1980). Better liked than right: Trustworthiness and expertise as factors in credibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,6(3), 467-472.
216. McGuire, W. J. (1985). Attitudes and Attitude Change. Handbook of Social Psychology, 2, 233-346.
217. McMillan, S. J. (2004). Internet Advertising:One Face or Many?.Internet Advertising:Theory and Research. US:Schumann and Thorson.
218. McQuarrie, E. F. and J. M. Munson (1992). "A revised product involvement inventory:Improved usability and validity." Advances in Consumer Research 19(1): 108.
219. Mehta, A. (1999). Using Self-concept to Assess Advertising Effective-ness. Journal of Advertising Research, 39 (1), 81-89.
220. Miciak, A. R., & Shanklin, W. L. (1994). Choosing Celebrity Endorsers. Marketing Management, 3, 50-60.
221. Miller, G. R., & Baseheart, J. (1969). Source trustworthiness, opinionated statements,and response to persuasive communication.
222. Misra, S. & Beatty.S. E.(1990). Celebrity Spokesperson and Brand Congruence An Assessment of Recall and Affect. Journal of Business Research ,21, 159-173.
223. Mitchell, A. A. (1981). "The dimensions of advertising involvement." K. B. Monroe,ed. Advances in Consumer Research, Association for Consumer Research, Provo, UT.
224. Mitchell, Andrew, A. (1979). Involvement:A Potentially Important Mediator of Consumer Behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 6(1), pp. 191-196.
225. Monroe, K. B. (1990). Pricing: Making Profitable Decision, New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
226. Moon, J.-W., & Kim, Y.-G. (2001). Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context. Information & management, 38(4), 217-230.
227. Moore, W. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (1980).Individual Differences in Search Behavior for a Nondurable.Journal of Consumer Research, 7, 296-307.
228. Mowen,J.C.(1987).Consumer Behavior, New York: Macmillan Publishing.
229. Moyo, L. (2011). Blogging down a dictatorship: Human rights,citizen journalists and the right to communicate in Zimbabwe.Journalism,12(6),745-760.
230. Muntinga, D. G., Moorman, M., & Smit, E. G. (2011). Introducing COBRAs: Exploring motivations for brand-related social media use. 13-46. doi: 10.2501/IJA-30-1-013-046
231. Mutum, D., & Wang, Q. (2011). Consumer generated advertising in blogs. In Eastin, M. S., Daugherty, T., and Burns, N. M. (Eds.), E-Marketing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 198-211). IGI Global.
232. Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Virtual customer environments: Testing a model of voluntary participation in value co-creation activities. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(4), 388e406.
233. Nejad, M. G., Amini, M., & Sherrell, D. L. (2016). The profit impact of revenue heterogeneity and assortativity in the presence of negative word-of-mouth. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 33(3), 656-673. doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2015.11.005
234. Ohanian, R (1991). The Impact of Celebrity Spokespersons’ Perceived Image on Consumers’ Intention to Purchase. Journal of Advertising Research, 31, 46-54.
235. Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
236. Olson, J. C. (1977). Price As an Information Cue:Effect in Product Evaluation. In Woodside, A. G., Sheth, J. N. and Bennet, P. D.(eds.), Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior, pp. 267-286. New York:North Holland Publishing Company.
237. Park, C. W., Jaworski, B. J. & D. J. Maclnnis (1986). Strategic Brand Concept-image Management. Journal of Marketing, 50, 135-145.
238. Pennington, N., Hall, J. A., & Hutchinson, A. (2016). To tweet or not to Tweet: Explaining fan-celebrity interaction on twitter. Iowa Journal of Communication, 48(1/2), 55e75.
239. Perugini, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2004). The Distinction between Desires and Intentions.European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 69-84.
240. Peter, J. P. & J. C. Olson (1999). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy, (5 ed.),New York: McGraw-Hill.
241. Petty, R. E. & J. T. Cacioppo (1981). Attitude and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches, Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C.Brown Co.
242. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1983). Central and peripheral routes to persuasion:Application to advertising. Advertising and consumer psychology, 1, 3-23.
243. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
244. Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T. & D. Schumann (1983). Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement, Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (9), 135-146.
245. Petty, R.E. ,& Cacioppo, J.T.(1981). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. IA: Wm. C. Brown.
246. Phua, J., et al. (2017). "Gratifications of using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat to follow brands: The moderating effect of social comparison, trust, tie strength, and network homophily on brand identification, brand engagement, brand commitment, and membership intention." Telematics and Informatics 34(1): 412-424.
247. Postma, P. (1999). The New Marketing Era: Marketing to the Imagination in a Technology Driven World, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Psychology and Marketing, 17, 761-782.
248. Putrevu, S., & Lord, K. R. (2003). Processing Internet communication: A motivation, opportunity and ability framework. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 25(1), 45-59.
249. Raman, N. V., & Leckenby, J. D. (1998). Factors affecting consumers’ “Webad” visits. European Journal of Marketing, 32(7/8), 737-748.
250. Raviv, A., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A., & Ben-Horin, A. (1996). Adolescent idolization of pop singers: Causes, expressions, and reliance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25(5), 631-650.
251. Reichheld, F. F., & Schefter, P. (2000). E-loyalty: Your secret weapon on the web. Harvard business review, 78(4), 105−113.
252. Reichheld, F.F., & Sasser, W.E. (1990). Zero defection: quality comes to services. Harvard Business Review, 68, 105-111.
Relationship Between Product Involvement and Brand Commitment.
253. Rich, J. R. (2009). Blogging for Fame and Fortune. McGraw-Hill Education.
254. Richard, L. C. & J. C. Olson (1988). The Role of Involvement Inattention and Comprehension Processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (2), 210-224.
255. Richins, M., L. and Peper, H. B. (1983). Purchase Product Satisefaction:Incorporating the Effect of Involvement and Time. Business Research, 23, pp.145-158.
256. Riley, T., & White, V. (2016). Developing a sense of belonging through engagement with like-minded peers: A matter of equity. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 51(2), 211e225.
257. Rogers, E. M. (1986), Comunication Technology: the new media in society. New York: Free Press.
258. Rosario, A. B., Sotgiu, F., Valck, K. D., & Bijmolt, T. H. A. (2016). The effect of electronic word of mouth on sales: A Meta-analytic review of platform, product, and metric factors. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(3), 297-318.
259. Rothschild, M. L. (1984). " Perspectives on Involvement: Current Problems and Future Directions." Advances in Consumer Research 11(1): 216-217.
260. Rutz, Oliver J.,& Bucklin, Randolph E. ,& Sonnier, Garrett P.(2012).A Latent Instrumental Variables Approach to Modeling Keyword Conversion in PaidSearch Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research,43(3),306-319.
261. Safko, L. (2010). The social media bible: tactics, tools, and strategies for business success: John Wiley & Sons.
262. Salmon, C. T. (1986). Perspectives on Involvement in Consumer and Communication Research. Progress in Communication Sciences, 7, pp. 243-268.
263. Sato, A. (2012). The YouTube phenomenon: YouTube stars eliminating stereotypes in new media. University of Southern California.
264. Schau, H.J. and Gilly, M.C. (2003). We Are What We Post? Self-Presentation in Personal Web Space. Journal of Consumer Research, 30, 385-404.
265. Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer behavior, (7th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
266. Schlosser, A. E., Shavitt, S., & Kanfer, A. (1999). Survey of Internet users’ attitudes toward Internet advertising. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 13(3), 34-54.
267. Schmidt, Jeffrey B & Spreng, Richard A.(1996). A proposed model of external consumer information search. Journal Greenvale, 24(3), 246-256.
268. Scott, D. M. (2015). The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use Social Media, Online Video, Mobile Applications, Blogs, News Releases, and Viral Marketing to Reach Buyers Directly. John Wiley & Sons.
269. Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks. Peter Lang.
270. Sengupta J., and G. J. Fitzsimons (2000), "The Effects of Analyzing Reasons for Brand Preferences: Disruption or Reinforcement?" Journal of Marketing Research, 37(3), 318-330.
271. Seno, D., & Lukas, B.A. (2007). The equity effect of product endorsement by celebrities. A conceptual framework from a co-branding perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 41(1/2), 121-134.
272. Shepard, R. N. and J.-J. Chang (1967). "Recognition Memory for Words, Sentences and Pictures." Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6(1): 156-163.
273. Sherif, M. & C. I. Hovland (1961). Social Judgment, Ct: Yale University Press, New Haven.
274. Sherif, M. and Cantril, H. (1947). The psychology of ego-involvements.New York, John Wiley, 1947, 527.
275. Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947). The psychology of ego-involvement. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
276. Sherman, S. P. (1985). When you wish upon a star. Fortune, 112(4), 66.
277. Shim, S., Eastlick, M. A., Lotz, S. L., & Warrington, P. (2001).An Online Prepurchase Intentions Model: The Role of Intention to Search. Journal of Retailing, 77, 397-416.
278. Shirley Taylor and P. Todd (1995). "Assessing IT Usage: The Role of Prior Experience." Management Information Systems Quarterly 19(4): 561-570.
279. Shon, D., Leckenby, J. D., & Jee, J. (2003). The role of expected interactivity in interactive ad processing. Paper presented at the 2003 Annual Conference of American Academy of Advertising, Denver-Broomfield, Colorado.
280. Silvera, D. H., & Austad, B. (2004) Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements. European Journal of Marketing,38(11) ,1509-1526.
281. Simmers, C. S., Martinez, D.D., & Haytko, D. L. (2009). Examining the
282. Simmers, C. S., Martinez, D.D., & Haytko, D. L. (2009). Examining the Effectiveness of Athlete Celebrity Endorser Characteristics and Product Brand Type: The Endorser Sexpertise Continuum. Journal of Sport Administration & Supervision, 1(1), 52-64.
283. Simons, H. W., Berkowitz, N. N., & Moyer, R. J. (1970). Similarity, credibility, and attitude change: A review and a theory. Psychological Bulletin, 73(1), 1.
284. Simpson, E. K., & Kahler, R. C. (1980). A scale for source credibility, validated in the selling context. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales management. Fall/winter, 17-25.
285. Slater, M. D., & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment—education and elaboration likelihood: Understanding the processing of narrative persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2),173-191.
286. Smith, R. E. & Swinyard W. R. (1982). Information response modes: an integrated approach. Journal of Marketing, 46, 81-93.
287. Smith, T., Obrist, M., & Wright, P. (2013). Live-streaming changes the (video) game. In Proceedings of the 11th european conference on interactive TV and video (pp. 131e138). Como, Italy: ACM.
288. Smudde, P. M. (2005). Blogging, ethics and public relations: A proactive and dialogic approach. Public Relations Quarterly, 50(3), 34-38.
289. Snickars, P., & Vonderau, P. (2009). The YouTube Reade. National Library of Sweden Stockholm.
290. Solomon, M. R. (1996). Consumer Behavior:Buying, Having, and Being, 3th ed., New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
291. Solomon, M. R. (2008). Consumer Behavior—Buying, Having, and Being, 8th Edition,Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
292. Sorgatz, R. (2008). he Microfame Game and the New Rules of Internet Celebrity. New York Magazine. New York Media, 17.
293. Spilski, A., & Groeppel-Klein, A. (2008). The persistence of fictional character images beyond the program and their use in celebrity endorsement: Experimental results from a media context perspective. ACR North American Advances, 35, 868-870.
294. Srinivasan, N. and Ratchford, B. T. (1991). An Empirical Test of a Model of External Search for Automobiles. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), pp. 233-242.
295. Srinivasan, N., & Tikoo, S. (1992). Effect of locus of control on information search behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 19(1), 498-504.
296. Standing, C., Holzweber, M., & Mattsson, J. (2016). Exploring emotional expressions in e-word-of-mouth from online communities. Information Processing & Management, 52(5), 721-732. doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2016.01.001
297. Strangelove, M. (2015). Post-tv: Piracy, Cord-cutting, and the Future of Television. University of Toronto Press.
298. Swan, J. E. & R. L. Oliver. (1989). Postpurchase Communications by Consumer. Journal of Retailing, 65, 516-533.
299. Swinyard, W. R. (1993). The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping Intentions. Journal of Consumer Research,20, 271-280.
300. Swinyard, W. R. (1993). The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping Intentions, Journal of Consumer Research,20(September): 271-280.
301. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
302. Tang, J. C., Venolia, G., & Inkpen, K. M. (2016). Meerkat and periscope: I stream, you stream, apps stream for live streams. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (Vol. 16, pp. 4770e4780). Santa Clara, California, USA: CHI.
303. Taylor, D. G., Strutton, D., & Thompson, K. (2012). Self-enhancement as a motivation for sharing online advertising. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12, 13-28. doi:10.1080/15252019.2012.10722193
304. Taylor, S. E., Peplau, L. A., & Sears, D. O. (1994). Social Psychology (8th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
305. Thomson, M. (2006). Human brands: Investigating antecedents to consumers' strong attachments to celebrities. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 104e119.
306. Thurow, S., & Musica, N. (2009). When search meets web usability: New Riders. Treisman, A. M. (1960). Contextual cues in selective listening. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(4), 242-248.
307. Till, B. D., & M. Busler (2000).The Match-up Hypothesis: Physical Attractiveness, Expertise, and the Role of Fit on Brand Attitude, Purchase Intent and Brand Beliefs. Journal of Advertising, 29(3), 1-13.
308. Till, B. D., & Shimp, T., A. (1998). Endorsers in Advertising: The Case of Negative Celebrity Information. Journal of Advertising, 27(1), 67-82.
309. Traylor, M. B. and W. B. Joseph (1984). "Measuring Consumer Involvement in Products: Developing a General Scale." Psychology & Marketing 1(2): 65-77.
310. Trepte, S. (2006). Social identity theory. In J. Bryant, & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Psychology of entertainment (pp. 255e271). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
311. Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word of mouth versus traditional marketing: Findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of Marketing, 73(3), 90—102.
312. Tuten, T. L., & Bosnjak, M. (2001). Understanding differences in web usage: The role of need for cognition and the five factor model of personality. Social Behavior & Personality, 29(4), 391-398.
313. Tyacke, N., & Higgins, R. (2004). Searching for trouble – keyword advertising and trade mark infringement. Internet Trade Mark Law, 20(6), pp. 453-565.
314. Ulin, J. (2013). The business of media distribution: Monetizing film, TV and video content in an online world. CRC Press.
315. Van Dijck, J. (2009). Users like you? Theorizing agency in user-generated content. Media, culture, and society, 31(1), 41.
316. Veltri, F. R., & Long, S. A. (1998). A new image : Female athlete-endorser.The Cyber-Journal of Sport Marketing, 2(4),1-7.
317. Wang, K., & Lin, C. L. (2012). The adoption of mobile value-added services: Investigating the influence of IS quality and perceived playfulness. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(2), 184-208. doi:10.1108/09604521211219007
318. Wang, S. J., Hsu, C. P., Huang, H. C., & Chen, C. L. (2015). How readers' perceived self-congruity and functional congruity affect bloggers' informational influence: Perceived interactivity as a moderator. Online Information Review, 39(4), 537e555.
319. Wang, Y., Chan, S. F., & Yang, Z. (2013). Customers' perceived benefits of interacting in a virtual brand community in China. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,14(1), 49e66.
320. Warrington, P. and S. Shim (2000). An Empirical Investigation of the
321. Weideman, M., & Strümpfer, C. (2004).The Effect of Search Engine Keyword Choice and Demographic Features on Internet Searching Success.Information Technology and Libraries, 23(2), 58-65.
322. West, M. D. (1994). Validating a scale for the measurement of credibility: A covariance structure modeling approach. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 71(1), 159.
323. Wikie, W. L. (1994). Consumer Behavior, 3th ed., New York:Wiley.
324. Wilson, T. D. (1981). On User Sudies and Information Needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1), pp. 3-15.
325. Wirtz, J. and Chew, P. (2002). The effects of incentives, deal proneness, satisfaction and tie strength on word-of-mouth behaviour. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13(2), 141-162.
326. Won, W. H., Lee, J., & Lee, J. H. (2003). Effectiveness of E-mail Marketing in Korea: What types on E-mail ads are being read? Paper presented at the 2003 Annual Meeting of International Communication Association, CA: San Diego.
327. Woodside, A. G., & Davenport, J. W. (1974). The effect of salesman similarity and expertise on consumer purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(2), 198-202.
328. Wright, P. L. (1973). "Use of Consumer Judgment Models in Promotion Planning." Journal of Marketing 37(4): 27-33.
329. Wu, S., Lin, C. S., & Lin, J. (2010). An empirical investigation of online users’ keyword ads search behaviours. Online Information Review, 35(2), pp.177-193.
330. Yoshida, M., Heere, B., & Gordon, B. (2015). Predicting behavioral loyalty through community: Why other fans are more important than our own intentions, our satisfaction, and the team itself. Journal of Sport Management, 29(3), 318e333.
331. Young, K. S., & Robert, C. R. (1998). Internet addiction: Personality traits associated with its development. Paper presented at the 69th annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Bradford: University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from http://www.netaddiction.com/articles/personality_correlates.htm
332. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
333. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 4-14.
334. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1994). The personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 59-70.
335. Zeithaml, Valarie. (1988). Consumer Perceptions of Price, Quality, and Value- A Means-End Model and Snthesis of Evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
336. Zheng, Y., Zhao, K., & Stylianou, A. (2013). The impacts of information quality and system quality on users' continuance intention in information-exchange virtual communities: An empirical investigation. Decision Support Systems, 56, 513e524.
337. Zhou, T., & Li, H. (2014). Understanding mobile SNS continuance usage in China from the perspectives of social influence and privacy concern. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 283e289.
338. Zhu, W., He, H., Trevin~o, L. K., Chao, M. M., & Wang, W. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower voice and performance: The role of follower identifications and entity morality beliefs. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 702e718.

中文文獻
1. 丁永祥(2007),《Click Economy!搜尋變鈔票》,管理雜誌 393 期,第 100-103 頁。
2. 王春煊(2016),以使用與滿足理論探討網路遊戲直播平台 TwitchTV 粉絲的持續使用意圖,南臺科技大學資訊傳播系,碩士論文。
3. 王唯鳴 (2001). 虛擬社群與虛擬經驗、網路練達性、產品知識與產品資訊搜尋成本對消費者認知風險影響之研究─以電腦遊戲軟體為例. 企業管理研究所. 桃園縣, 國立中央大學. 碩士: 97.
4. 王彩雲(2008),茶行銷。動腦雜誌,388,69-75。
5. 王森平(譯)(1997)。《消費者行為》。台北市:台灣西書。(原書 Wells, Bill & Prensky, David [1996].Consumer Behavior, NY: John Wiley & Sons.)
6. 王毓莉 (2014)。臺灣新聞記者對「業配新聞」的馴服與抗拒。新聞學研究,(119), 45-79。
7. 王鈺婷(2016)。網路直播模式在社會化媒體行銷環境下的發展。現代經濟資訊。頁數 298。
8. 古又仁、陳玲鈴、孫春望(2001)。〈微型網站廣告著陸網頁的互動性及豐富性對廣告效果之影響〉。《設計學報》,6(2),65-78。
9. 田中洋、丸岡吉人(1999)。新廣告心理(Advertising Psychology)(蔡崑霖譯)。台北市:朝陽堂。(原作民 1991 年出版)
10. 朱利夫 (2011). 代言配適度、廣告態度、品牌態度與代言人態度關係之研究---以王建民代言為例. 休閒與運動管理碩士班. 臺北市, 臺北巿立體育學院. 碩士: 114.
11. 江岱衛(2008)。《網路廣告點擊率與點擊廣告後行為之探索性研究》。台北大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
12. 江義平,江岱衛(2010)。關鍵字廣告點擊行為 探究。電子商務研究,8 :3 ,頁 407-432。
13. 何政浩(2010),信任、主觀規範、涉入程度與知覺價值之研究-以電視關鍵字 搜尋廣告為例,國立屏東商業技術學院行銷與流通管理系(所)碩士論文。
14. 何達思 (2010). 品牌年輕化和消費者涉入程度對消費者購買意願的影響:以黑松沙士創新性行銷活動為例. 企業創新與創業管理研究所. 台北市, 實踐大學. 碩士: 85.
15. 吳俊昇(2003)。虛擬社群成員滿意度與消費行為相關之研究。國立成功大學國際企業研究所碩士班碩士論文,臺南市。
16. 吳若權(1990)。「相信我還是相信他」,突破雜誌,55 期。
17. 呂昭儀 (2013). 基於任務導向廣告模型改善關鍵字廣告的推薦. 資訊工程學系碩博士班. 台南市, 國立成功大學. 碩士: 78.
18. 李光勳 (2004). 廣告代言人與代言品牌的形象差異性及代言人可信度對廣告效果影響之研究. 企業管理學系. 台北市, 東吳大學. 碩士: 91.
19. 李亭蓉(2011)。臉書粉絲專頁成員凝聚力與社群意識之影響因素研究。國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文,花蓮縣。
20. 李雅靖、吳忠翰(2011)。網路口碑訊息對消費者信任的影響。傳 播與管理研究,10(2),頁 69-106。
21. 李翠玲(2008),《網路關鍵字廣告之廣告效果分析》,世新大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
22. 李蓮蓮(2015)。〈自媒體”邏輯思維”的社群營銷模式探究〉。新聞世界,6, 107-108。
23. 杜永明(譯)(2012)。融合文化 :新媒體和舊媒體的衝突地帶(原作者:Henry Jenkins)。北京市:商務印書館。(原作出版年 : 2006 )
24. 杜佳玲(2011)。中小企業導入網路行銷績效評估之研究-以廣穎機械為例。未出版之碩 士論文,國立中正大學管理學院研究所,嘉義縣。
25. 林威成 (2013). 中高齡族群旅遊關鍵字廣告行銷之研究. 福祉科技與服務管理所. 南投縣, 南開科技大學. 碩士: 54.
26. 林隆儀、曾冠雄(2008)。廣告代言人與廣告訴求方式對廣告效果影響之比較自我監控的干擾效果。企業管理學報,76,87-128。
27. 林照真(2012)。〈為什麼聚合?:有關台灣電視新聞轉借新媒體訊息之現象 分析與批判〉。中華傳播協會 2012 年年會論文會刊,23,3-40。
28. 林燕秋(2009)。《自我的線上舞台--影音分享網站之閱聽人研究》。元智大 學資訊傳播學系(碩士論文)。
29. 林燕慧 (2012). 探討小型企業使用關鍵字行銷之意圖-以金銀珠寶業為例. 國際企業學系碩士班. 台南市, 長榮大學. 碩士: 108.
30. 林靈宏(1994),消費者行為。五南圖書出版公司,台北。
31. 施心慧(1999)。 讓每分預算都花在刀口上關鍵字廣告瞄準目標群眾。廣告雜誌,94,122-123
32. 柯嘉甄(2003),《國小學生家長對多元評量的覺知與學生的目標導向、學習自我效能之相關研究》,國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
33. 洪俊傑(2012),代言人可信度對廣告效果之影響-以 P&G 為例,國立中山 大學企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。
34. 徐佳士(1971)。〈「二級或多級傳播」理論在過渡期社會的適用性之研究>。新聞學研究。,8,7-37。
35. 徐雅惠、方文昌、高英濟(2013)。〈品牌延伸廣告與消費者涉入對旗艦產品品牌態度與購買意願之影響〉。《管理與系統》,20(4),637-663。
36. 翁鈺翔 (2016). 遊戲實況的媒介消費意涵─以英雄聯盟遊戲實況為例. 傳播學系. 嘉義縣, 南華大學. 碩士: 70.
37. 袁國寶、謝利明(2016)。《網紅經濟:移動互聯網時代的千億紅利市場》,台北:商周。
38. 張宇涵 (2016). YouTube、Dailymotion及愛奇藝線上影音分享平台市場之競爭區位分析-以閱聽人資源角度探討. 傳播學系電訊傳播研究所. 嘉義縣, 國立中正大學. 碩士: 208.
39. 張旻(2016)。熱鬧的「網紅」:網路直播平臺發展中的問題及對策。中國記者。頁數 64-65。
40. 張容語 (2015). 探討知覺風險、知覺品質、知覺價格與口碑與對購買意願影響之研究-以九灃系統櫥櫃公司為例. 高階經理人碩士在職專班. 台中市, 國立中興大學. 碩士: 61.
41. 張逸婷(2010)。引導式關鍵字行銷-影響消費者搜尋意願因素之研究。國立政治大學廣告所碩士論文。
42. 戚栩僊(2010)。〈社群網站使用與社群媒體行銷使用者反應-以《Facebook》廣告與虛擬品牌社群為例〉。「2010 數位創世紀:E 世代與資訊科技學術實務國際研討會論文」。
43. 莊于萱 (2010). 影響消費者採用關鍵字搜尋意圖之研究. 經營管理研究所. 高雄市, 樹德科技大學. 碩士: 86.
44. 莊克仁 譯(1988)。傳播科技新論(原作者George E.Whitehouse)。台北:美國教育。
45. 莊承學 (2014). 探討便利商店關鍵字行銷-影響消費者搜尋意願之因素. 資訊管理系碩士班. 高雄市, 樹德科技大學. 碩士: 61.
46. 許凱榮(2000)。《消費者之涉入程度、認知需求對購買決策之影響:以行動電話系統門號為例》。交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
47. 許達(2006),《軍人撫卹制度的滿意度、信任與行為意圖探討之研究─以台灣、在台新加坡軍人為例》,大葉大學國際企業管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。
48. 連詩萱 (2017). 直播操作對銷售績效的影響 - 以新竹地區某古董藝品店為例. 企業管理學系. 新竹市, 中華大學. 碩士: 46.
49. 陳仕祐(2003),《重度視覺障礙大學生資訊搜尋行為之研究》,彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文。
50. 陳正男、丁學勤、林素吟、劉若蘭(2005)。廣告的訊息訴求方式、訊息正反性、訊息來源可信度與消費者認知需求對廣告效果之影響。中山管理評論,13(1),107-142。
51. 陳光榮(譯)(2000)。《行銷研究》。台北市:學富文化。(原書 Kumar,V., Aaker, David A., Day, George S.[1999].Essentials of Marketing Research, NY: John Wiley & Sons.)
52. 陳威珞 (2012). Justin TV網路影音直播平台使用行為研究. 電訊傳播研究所. 嘉義縣, 國立中正大學. 碩士: 99.
53. 陳建銘(2015),遊戲直播網站忠誠度與持續使用意圖之研究:以 Twitch TV 為例,國立東華大學資訊管理碩士學位學程,碩士論文。
54. 陳柏吟 (2017). 虛擬社群美妝業配文之知識結構讀者反應結構探討. 資訊管理學系碩士班. 屏東縣, 國立屏東大學. 碩士: 76.
55. 陳羿妙(2012),口碑彈性對口碑效果的衡量與比較:以旅遊商品為例(博士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號101NTUS5121004)
56. 陳順吉 (2008),「知名品牌、中小企業主,誰需要關鍵字廣告?」iSURVEY行銷週報.
57. 陳諒森(2004),產品置入對消費者態度與購買意願之影響-以美國影集慾望城市為例。銘傳大學管理科學研究所碩士論文,台北。
58. 陳澤義、盧葦蓁(2006)。透過品牌要素、廣告代言人形成品牌態度之研究以少淑女流行服飾業為例。東吳經濟商學學報,55(1),35-68。
59. 陳豐偉(2007 年 02 月)。<Google 到底有多恐怖?>,《數位時代》,147: 34。
60. 彭金燕(1999),代言人可信度對廣告效果與購買意願影響之研究,大 葉大學事業經營研究所碩士論文。
61. 彭縱仁、練乃華(2005)。廣告音樂在不同涉入型態下之效果與影響機制。管理學報,22(4),415-428.
62. 曾建燁 (2017). 幽默廣告與網路紅人可信度對廣告效果之影響:以推薦人適配度為中介. 企業管理學系, 國立中央大學.
63. 程紹同 (2000)。企業最佳代言人。天下雜誌,105,114-119。
64. 黃元郁(2014),有評有真相-影響行動軟體商店 eWOM 評論動機因素之探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。(系統編號102NSYS5375014)。
65. 楊中芳(1994)。《廣告的心理原理:探討廣告背後的心理歷程》。台北市:遠流。
66. 楊朝明,郭凱婷(2013)。電視廣告音樂之型態在不同廣告涉入度下對廣告效果的影響。設計學報。18:2,頁 25-47。
67. 楊運秀 and 郭芳伃 (2017). "網紅業配文的說服效果:懷疑人格、熟悉度及專業性的影響." 行銷評論 14(2): 163-189.
68. 詹琇蓉(2001),產品涉入、消費者特性與情境對網路購物之知覺風險影響分析。 成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文,台南。
69. 廖珊妮(2008)。影響廣告主使用關鍵字廣告因素之研究。銘傳大學 傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
70. 熊回香、王學東(2010)。面向 Web3.0 的分眾分類研究。圖書情報工作,54(3),104-107。
71. 趙甫嘉(2014)。虛擬社群粉絲專頁持續使用意圖之初探—以中華職棒球員 Facebook 粉絲專頁為例。南臺科技大學休閒事業管理系碩士班碩士論文,臺南市。
72. 劉佳蒨(2010)。《網路消費者經驗組合廣告效果之研究:以認知需求、刺激尋求為干擾變數》。臺北科技大學商業自動化與管理研究所碩士論文。
73. 劉明哲(2004),《消費者生活型態、消費者購買涉入程度與廣告訴求對廣告效果之影響-以行動電話為例》,中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
74. 劉牧隴(2010)。虛擬社群使用滿意度之研究。國立臺東大學資訊管理學士碩士班 碩士論文,臺東縣。
75. 潘奕萍(2014)。圖說雲端運算。台北市:書全。
76. 蔡廷為 (2014). 關鍵字搜尋意圖、涉入程度與資訊搜尋行為對廣告效果的影響以Google Adwords為例. 經營管理研究所. 高雄市, 樹德科技大學. 碩士: 69.
77. 蔡佩璇 (2008),「關鍵字廣告,整合平台才夠看」,電子商務時報ECTimes: 1。
78. 蔡佳靜(2006)。<訊息陳述方式、廣告訴求對象與涉入程度對廣告效果之影響不同產品類別之探討>,《輔仁管理評論》,13(1): 85-106。
79. 鄧淑方(2007),《國中學生家長零體罰知覺與對教師管教行為看法之研究》,國立高雄師範大學教育研究所碩士論文。
80. 鄭佳興 (2017). 臉書直播主的互動模式與印象管理之研究. 公共關係暨廣告學研究所(含碩專班). 臺北市, 世新大學. 碩士: 134.
81. 鄭東元(2007),《進口烈酒行銷廣告對消費者購買意願影響之研究》,國立高雄大學經濟管理研究所碩士論文。
82. 鄭厚謙 (2017). 你相信網紅嗎?網紅推薦口碑說服效果. 企業管理系碩士班, 國立臺北商業大學. 碩士: 96.
83. 鄭國威(2007)。閱聽人 2.0—部落客來了。國立中正大學電訊傳播鹽祭所碩士論 文,嘉義縣。
84. 鄭智豪(2008),網路資訊搜尋行為與餐廳消費決策之研究,中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。
85. 賴乃綺(2001)。《誘因贈獎式網路廣告效果研究》。政治大學廣告學研究所碩士論文。
86. 賴燕珍(2015)。資訊傳播科技對新聞學變遷的影響。未出版之博士論文,世新大學傳 播研究所,台北市。
87. 錢玉芬、王可欣(2006)廣告代言人的性格形象對品牌性格的影響-以 Nokia 新款手機的平面廣告為例。廣告學研究,26, 27-59。
88. 駱少康(2011)。《行銷管理學:理論與實務的精粹》,台北:東華。(原書 Philip Kotler, Kevin Keller [2008]. Marketing Management, 13th Ed. United States, FL:Hallandale Beach)
89. 謝年威 (2008). 你上網搜尋了嗎?關鍵字行銷與搜尋意圖之研究. 行銷與流通管理所. 高雄市, 國立高雄第一科技大學. 碩士: 83.
90. 謝宗諭(2005)。虛擬社群知識分享行為研究—期待與價值扮演的角色。國立中央大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文,桃園市。
91. 簡嘉裕 (2017). 中國網路直播平臺行銷應用之技術報告-以法國嬌蘭2016年中國行銷方案為例. 傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班). 臺北市, 世新大學. 碩士: 75.
92. 顏和正(譯) (2011)。行銷3.0:與消費者心靈共鳴 (原作者:菲利浦.科特勤、陳就學、 伊萬.塞提亞宛)。台北市:天下雜誌股份有限公司。
93. 曠文琪(2007),《關鍵字廣告成搜尋網站金雞母》,商業週刊1045期。
94. 譚永宗(2012)。網路群眾外包對共同創造價值塑造之探討。銘傳大學碩士論文。
95. 譚晴琄(2007 年 06 月 a)。<微軟推出 adCenter 猛攻網路廣告市場>,《廣告雜誌》,193: 83。
96. 譚晴琄(2007 年 06 月 b)。<Google、微軟、Yahoo!、WPP、Publicis 都愛血拼網路廣告公司>,《廣告雜誌》,193: 74-75。
97. 蘇建州(2010)。網路使用者之媒體共用偏好與網路關鍵字廣告效果研究。新聞學研究。103,頁 1-42。
98. 蘇桂瑩(2007),《動態資源理論下台灣無線電視台發展 DVB-H 之可行性分析以華視為個案》,淡江大學企業管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。
99. 饒柏齡 (2016). 關鍵字廣告位置與搜尋排名對廣告成效之關聯度分析. 資訊管理學系. 桃園縣, 元智大學. 碩士: 95.
100. 龔鉑洋(2016)。《直播營銷的場景革命》。北京:精華大學出版社。


網址文獻
1. Anderson, P. (2007). What is Web 2.0? Ideas, technologies and implications for education. JISC Technology and Standards Watch, Feb. 2007. Bristol: JISC. RetrievedJune19,2007 from: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf
2. Graham, P. (2005). Web2.0.. Retrieved from: http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html
3. Hendrickson, Mark(2012,Jan 22).The Uphill Of Social Event Sharing: A Post-Mortem for Plancast. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/22/post-mortem-for-plancast/
4. iProspect.com, Inc. (2010), Real Branding Implications of Digital Media - an SEM, SEO, & Online Display Advertising Study, available online at http://www.iprospect.com/about/researchstudy_2010_digitalmedia.htm
5. Rodger, S., & Thorson, E. (2000). The interactive advertising model: How users perceive and process online ads. Journal of Interactive Advertising,1(1). Retrieved October 30, 2007, from http://jiad.org/vol1/no1/rodgers/index.htm
6. Tanz, J. (2008). Internet famous: Julia Allison and the secrets of self-promotion. Wired Condé Nast Digital. Retrieved May 29, 2017, from https://www.wired.com/200 8/07 /howto-allison/
7. Tim O'Reilly. (2005, September 30) What Is Web 2.0. Message posted to http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
8. 陳世耀(2007)。快速搞懂搜尋行銷。天下雜誌。取自:http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5009436
9. 百度百科馬萊茨克 Maletzke(1963)。馬萊茨克傳播模式。取自 https://goo.gl/LWUq1J
10. 王知非(2014)。全媒體時代都市報盈利模式的變化。安徽大學出版取自 https://goo.gl/mkUGJM
11. 姚樹朋(2016 年 7 月 21 日)。《網紅的秘密》直播平台大匯集 各有千秋。中 時電子報。取自:http://campus.chinatimes.com/20160721005519-262304
12. 張蕙娟(2016),網路直播產業分析,品牌好報,第 42 期,http://www.bpaper.org.tw/uncategorized/38-04/。
13. 鮑列夫 Борев(1986)。美學。中國文聯出版公司。 取自http://media.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2016/1207/c408673-28930649.html
14. 艾然(2016)。網路直播現象的現況與發展方向。西部廣播電視。頁數 29。
15. 敖鵬(2016 年 09 月 14 日)。問診網紅亂象。新華每日電訊 6 版。取自 http://news.xinhuanet.com/mrdx/2016-09/14/c_135685956.htm
16. 蔣潔瓊(2016 年 5 月 27 日)。網紅經濟迅猛來襲 多路資本掘金網紅產業鏈。 中國證券報。取自:http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/s/2016-05-27/doc- ifxsqxxu4500782.shtml
17. 陳奕璇(2016 年 10 月 8 日)。網紅紅什麼 粉絲追什麼。喀報,第 247 期,取 自:http://castnet.nctu.edu.tw/castnet/article/9898?issueID=627
18. INSIDE(2016)。【無品牌時代】:誰是新一代網路領袖?「網紅」Internet Influencers。民 106 年 02 月 14 日取自: https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/12/19/who-are-these-youtube-stars
19. 凱洛媒體(2015)。《線上影音出租服務,隨時給你好戲看》。上網日期:2015 年 11 月 26 日,取自: https://goo.gl/zc4t7z
20. 資策會(2008)《2008 台灣網友線上影音娛樂行為初探》。上網日期:2008 年 4 月 14日,取自:http://mic.iii.org.tw/aisp/reports/reportdetail.asp?docid=CDOC200804140 01&pag=people
21. 張瑩(2008)。〈淺析“自媒體”的特點〉。人民網,2008.04.16。引自 http://media.people.com.cn/BIG5/22114/44110/113772/7128979.html
22. 任昌輝(2014)。〈自媒體時代下傳統媒體新聞生產的嬗變與發展〉。人民網, 2014.12.08。引自 http://media.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2014/1208/c382352-26169184.html
23. 資策會 FIND(2007)。Web 2.0 風潮下的軟體發展趨勢與機會(上)。民 106 年 02 月 14 日取自:http://big5.ftchinese.com/story/001070220?full=y

無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2023/07/04 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
QR CODE