本論文旨在設計一個協定，用於建立車輛、路邊單元和服務供應商之間的安全會話密鑰。我們的協定利用零知識證明技術，為車輛提供隱私保護，同時使服務供應商能夠在不知道車輛身份的情況下驗證車輛的合法性。此外，我們設計了一個快速重連階段，通過路邊單元保存的臨時車輛列表，比重複進行身份驗證更快且符合現實需求。
我們的協議具有抵抗多種安全攻擊的能力，包括重放攻擊、盜取車載單元的物理攻擊、單點攻擊和特權內部攻擊。此外，我們的協議還滿足匿名性、不可追踪性和前向安全性等要求。我們使用ProVerif工具對該協議進行了安全性分析，結果顯示該協議能夠確保安全性，免受中間人和重放攻擊的威脅。在效能和時間成本方面，儘管我們的協議設計因為零知識證明 無法達到最快速和最節能的水平，但它在最小化安全假設並滿足多項安全性要求 以及強隱私性保護 方面具有優勢 因此，我們的設計能夠更快地在現實的環境中部署。總結而言，本研究提出了一個協議，用於建立車輛、路邊單元和服務供應商之間的安全會話。

The purpose of this thesis is to design a protocol for establishing secure session keys between vehicles, roadside units, and service providers. Our protocol utilizes zero-knowledge proof technology to provide privacy protection for vehicles while enabling service providers to verify the legitimacy of vehicles without knowing their identity. In addition, we have designed a fast reconnection phase, which is faster and more realistic than repeated identity verification through a temporary list of vehicles kept by the roadside unit.
Our protocol is resistant to a variety of security attacks, including replay attacks, physical attacks that steal vehicle on-board units, single point of attack, and privileged internal attacks. In addition, our protocols meet the requirements for anonymity, unlinkability, and forward security.
We analyze the protocol using ProVerif, confirming its security against man-in-the-middle attack and replay attacks. While our protocol may not be the fastest or most energy-efficient due to zero-knowledge proof, it excels in minimizing security assumptions, meeting multiple security requirements, and providing robust privacy protection. Therefore, our design is well-suited for rapid deployment in realistic environments. In summary, this study presents a protocol for secure communication among vehicles, roadside units, and service providers.

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