在食品科技中，萃取是一項重要技術，但傳統的萃取方式須使用大量有機溶劑，若去除不完全，對人體有刺激性，且萃取所需時間長，因此許多更有效之技術相繼被開發，其中超音波萃取不僅可提高效率，且可以食用油當作溶劑，改善對食品毒化問題，因此本論文提出以變幅桿式超音波萃取脂溶性成分並探討其效率，在葵花油中萃取含有DHA成分之微藻。
首先，以ANSYS模擬設計4組變幅桿型態，相較以往大多只探討放大振幅型態外，另外再提出在變幅桿上加上結構的可能性，雖然增加結構或改變幾何形狀會對固有頻率造成影響，但只需在形狀上做些調整，並在應力部分也考慮材料之疲勞強度，即可設計出穩定工作之變幅桿。A、B組以放大振幅型態為設計，C組探討增加結構影響，D組結合放大振幅與加結構輔助，結果顯示，振幅增加後對萃取效率有增加效果，加上板片結構亦然，最後以加上結構且振幅最大的變幅桿D2，20分鐘萃取效率高達97%，相較於最基本圓柱型態的38%，效率確實增加許多。實驗中也利用Luminol反應觀察各型態產生之聲化學效應範圍及強度，驗證了振幅越大光強度越強的效果，加上結構後也可增加聲化學效應反應範圍，而最後利用傳統溶劑方式萃取作為對照組，6小時僅12%，證實超音波萃取的高效率。
由於超音波的高能高強度，對於比熱小的脂溶性成分來說，溫度急速上升，其可能會使油品產生劣化現象，以油品酸價試紙觀察，在3分鐘內酸價值高達4.0，因此另外開發一套密閉設備，附有真空、攪拌、超音波破胞、冷卻系統等功能，萃取5小時後，劣化值在2.0以下，提出在控制環境氣體與適當冷卻環境中，有機會改善超音波造成油品劣化的可能性，也做為未來量產型設備的雛型機台。
最後，在萃取的過程中，變幅桿本體可能會受聲化學效應的磨耗侵蝕，因此另外以微弧氧化技術在鋁合金上鍍上陶瓷膜，結果顯示，經過表面處理過後，5小時磨耗程度僅為未經鍍膜的鋁合金的1/2，可作為未來在變幅桿抗聲化學侵蝕的一項技術。

For food science technology, extraction is an important process. In the traditional method, it needs large amounts of organic solvents and the organic solvent may have some ingredients irritant to the human body. Besides, the traditional method usually takes a long time to process. Hence, many methods have been proposed to overcome the problems. Among these methods, ultrasonic extraction not only can improve the efficiency but also can use the edible oil as the extraction solvent. In this thesis, we used the horn type ultrasonic extraction method to extract the fat-soluble ingredients with the edible oil.
First, we applied ANSYS simulation software for horn design and divided them into four groups. In this research work, we discussed the possibility of modifying the geometrical design of the horn to impove the extraction efficiency. If the geometry was changed, there are some influence of the ultrasonic frequency. Our design needed to make some adjustments in length. Group A and B were designed to enlarge the amplitude, and group C was added structure on the horn without amplifying the amplitude. Group D combines the results of Group A, B, C of magnification the amplitude and adding structure on the horn. After conducting the test, we found that the D2 type which has the structure and the largest amplitude has the highest efficiency. With D2 type, we were able to achieve 97% efficiency in twenty minutes of extraction time and the A1 type which is the simplest one just reach 38%. In the experiment, we also used Luminol reaction to observe the range and intensity of the cavitation to verify the simulation results. In the results, we observed that the light is stronger in the amplifying amplitude type and the structure type. Finally, we test the traditional methods to extract the same ingredients in n-hexane and sunflower oil as the solvent. In the hexane sample, it just has 12 % after 6 hours extraction.
There are still some problems in the ultrasonic extraction. Due to the high energy of ultrasonic, it may cause high temperature, which may cause the deterioration of the oil with 3.0-4.0 of acid value determined by acid dipstick. As the preferred value is under 2.0, we designed an apparatus, which combines the functions of vacuum, protective gas, stirring, cooling and ultrasonic system to overcome this problem. We conducted our experiment on our designed apparatus and we found the acid value is around 2.0 after five hours of extraction. So, this apparatus offered a promissing approach to alleviate the deterioration problem.
We also found that the horn was worn out severely because of cavitation. We used micro discharge oxidation process to coat a ceramic film on the Al specimen to improve the wear resistance. After 5 hours wear test, we found that the mass loss of the specimen with coating was less 50% than the specimen without coating. So, the MDO technology could provide the horn with effective protection for the future application.

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