台灣創業活動的蓬勃發展，新創事業不斷地成長，而創業者本身扮演著重要的關鍵角色。因此，本研究欲瞭解創業者的內在人格特質及外在感知能力，透過他們的創業意圖，對機會辨識行為之影響效果。幫助創業者瞭解創業意圖產生前的影響因素，並在條件形成、意圖熟化後，促進機會辨識行為的落實。本研究透過問卷調查法，共回收166份，剔除無效問卷28份，得到有效問卷138份。

本研究以階層迴歸分析作為分析工具，獲致實證結果為：
1.創業者之內在人格特質與機會辨識行為具有正向關聯
2.創業者之外在感知與機會辨識行為具有正向關聯
3.創業者之創業意圖與機會辨識行為具有正向關聯
4.創業意圖對創業者內在人格特質與機會辨識行為有部分中介效果
5.創業意圖對創業者外在感知與機會辨識行為有部分中介效果

The vigorous development on entrepreneurial and the newly enterprise continued growing, entrepreneur themselves has been played a very important role of Taiwan.Therefore, the article want to investigate the relationship which mediating effect of entrepreneurial intention between intrinsic personality traits and extrinsic perception on opportunity identification behavior.
The article could help entrepreneur know the influencing factor before intention show up, when condition is formed and intention is come to maturity, then promote opportunity identification behavior implementing.
The studies conducted a questionnaire survey, we were collected by166 and After excluding 26 invalid questionnaires, we had complete data for 138 valid obtained.
The article performed hierarchical regression analyses to test the hypotheses,the major finding are presented as follows：
（1）Intrinsic personality traits significantly and positively predicted opportunity identification behavior.
（2）Extrinsic perception significantly and positively predicted opportunity identification behavior.
（3）Entrepreneurial intention significantly and positively predicted opportunity identification behavior.
（4）Entrepreneurial intention had “complete mediating effect” on the relationship between intrinsic personality traits and opportunity identification behavior.
（5）Entrepreneurial intention had “complete mediating effect” on the relationship between extrinsic perception and opportunity identification behavior.

1.王居卿（2006），組織創業精神及創業機會辨識模式對創業結果影響之研究。科際整合管理研討會，630-651。

2.江佳宇（2006），個人特質對投資行為影響之研究。朝陽科技大學企業管理學研究所碩士論文。

3.余安邦（1998），成就動機：文明的動力。巨流圖書，台北。

4.宋明哲（2001），現代風險管理，五版。台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

5.杜新偉（1999），組織變革中員工反應態度的調查研究--以中華電信公司民營化變革為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

6.吳芝儀（2000），犯行青少年自我建構系統初探，青少年人格建構研討會。台北：人格建構工程基金會。

7.吳秉恩（1990），組織行為學。台北：華泰書局。

8.林佳儀（2007），創業家人個特質、先驗知識與創業績效之關聯：以機會確認為中介效果之研究。國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。

9.郁麗君（2004），個人人格特質與人際網絡對創業意願的影響─以台灣展覽業為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

10.郁義鴻（2002），創業管理。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

11.孫中玠（2005）台灣股市投資人之人格特質、影響投資因素對投資型態、投資績效之相關研究。大葉大學國際企業管理學研究所碩士論文。

12.許雅棣（2001），主管領導型態、員工人格特質、組織激勵制度與員工工作績效之相關性─以保險業務員為例。國立東華大學管理研究所企業管理學程碩士論文。

13.陳俊儒（2006），個人特性、人力資源管理活動與創新績效關係之多層級探討。國立成功大學國際企業研究所博士論文。

14.黃炳蒼（1993），創業行為、個人特質、人際網絡及社會傾向間之關聯性研究—以管理顧問業為例。國立台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文。

15.黃楓雅（2005），創業潛能與創業意圖之關聯性研究。國立彰化師範大學商業教育教學研究所碩士論文。

16.黃洲煌（1999），個人人格特質、激勵認知、工作態度與組織公民行為之關連性研究。國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。

17.張春興（2000），心理學，東華書局，台北。

18.張菽萱（2003），創業潛能模式之建構及其在創業教育之應用(1/2) 。台北：行政院國科會。

19.楊國樞、張春興（1978），心理學。台北：三民書局，第三版，121。

20.經濟部中小企業處（2008），中小企業白皮書。

21.葉國華（2002），員工人格特質、組織承諾與銀行合併態度之研究─以中國國際商業銀行為例。國立高雄第一科技大學金融營運所碩士論文。

22.葉穎如（1994），保險業員工生涯成熟、成就動機、工作壓力與離職傾向之關係研究。文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。

23.歐建益（2001），創業家特質、動機與創業問題之研究。國立台灣大學會計研究所碩士論文。

24.賴銘娟（2004），技職校院商管群學生創業態度及其影響因素之研究。國立雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文。

25.鄭蕙萍（1999），創業家的個人背景、心理特質、創業驅動力對創業行為的影響。大同工學院事業經營研究所碩士論文。

26.關復勇（1987），山地泰雅族國中學生自我概念、成就動機、學業成敗歸因與其學業成就之關係。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。

27.劉常勇（2002），創業管理的12堂課。台北：天下。

28.劉常勇、謝如梅（2006），創業管理研究之回顧與展望：理論與模式探討。創業管理研究，1，1-44。

29.劉美蓉（2005），成功創業家生長背景與創業歷程之研究-以青創楷模為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

1.Ajzen, I. (1985). From intention to actions: A theory of planned behavior.In J. Kuhl & J. Beckman (Eds.), Actions-control: From cognition to behavior, 11-39.

2.Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, traits, and actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. Advances in experimental social psychology, 20, 1-63.

3.Andreas, A., Michael, F.(2007).Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owner’s personality traits, business creation, and success. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 16(4) , 353-385

4.Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R., & Rat, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing,18(1), 105-123.

5.Atkinson, J.W. (1983). Personality, Motivation, and Action, New York: Praeger Publishers.

6.Babb, E.M. and Babb, S.V. (1992). “Psychological traits of rural entrepreneurs”, Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol. 21 No. 4, 353-62.

7.Baird, I. S. and H. Thmoas(1985). “Toward a contingency model of strategic risk
taking,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.10(2), 230-243.

8.Bandura, A. (1986). The social foundations of thought and action. NJ：Prentice Hall.

9.Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118.

10.Becherer R C, Maurer J G. (1999).The proactive personality disposition and entrepreneurial behavior among small company presidents [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(1), 28-36

11.Bird, B. J. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
12.Bird, B. J. (1992). The operation of intentions in time: The emergence of the new venture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 11-21.

13.Boden ,R. J . ,Nucci ,A. R.(1997).Counting the Self-employed Using Household and Business Sample Data [J ] . Small Business Economics , 9(5), 427-436.

14.Boyd, N. G. & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), 63-77.

15.Bruyat, C. & Julien, P. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165-180.

16.Campbell, D J. (2000).The proactive employee: Managing workplace initiative. Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 52-66

17.Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 532-537.

18.Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3), 42-49.

19.Crant, J. M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management,26(3), 435-462.

20.Engel, D. (2004). The performance of venture-backed firms； The effect of venture capital company characteristics. Industry and Innovation, 11(3).

21.Frese, M., & Fay, D. (2001). Personal Initiative (PI): A concept for work in the 21st century.Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, 133 -188.

22.Gregory G. Dess, and G. T. Lumpkin,(2005). The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Stimulating Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Executive, 19(1).

23.Hao Zhao＆Gerald E. Hills＆Scott E. Seibert (2005). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions . Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6) , 1265–1271

24.Helmreich, R. L., & Spence, J. T. (1978). Achievement Motivation and Scientific Attainment,Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 222-226.

25.Jackson, D. N. (1994). Jackson Personality Inventory test manual. Goshen, NY: Research Psychologists Press.

26.Kerrick, Sharon A., Ph.D., (2008). An examination of entrepreneurial intentions of university students by University of Louisville, 192 pages

27.Khilstrom, R., & Laffont, J.(1979). A general equilibrium entrepreneurial theory of firm formation based on risk aversion. Journal ol Political Economy, 87, 719-748.

28.Krueger, N. (1993). The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(1), 5-21.

29.Krueger Norris F, Deborah V B. (1994).Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs [J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104

30.Krueger, N. & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(3), 91-104.

31.Krueger, N. (2000). The cognitive infrastructure of opportunity emergence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3), 5-23.

32.Krueger, N. F. J., Reilly, D. M. & Crasrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411-432.

33.Learned, K. E. (1992). What happened before the organization? A model of organizational formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), 39-48.

34.Litwin, G.G. & Stringer, R. A. (1968). Motivation and Organizational Climate, Boston:Harvard University Press.

35.Lumpkin G.T. & Dess G.G. (1996). Claryfying the entrepreneurial orentation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21, 135-173.

36.McClelland,D.C.,(1962). Business Drive and National Achievement,Harvard Business Review.

37.McClelland,D.C., & D.G. Winter.(1969). Motivation Eco-nomic Achierement.
New York: The Free Press.

38.McClelland,D.C., Atkinson, J.W., Clark, R.A., & Lowell,E.L.(1976).The Achievement Motive, New York : Irvington Publishers Inc.

39.Megan W Gerhardt; Jill Richard Kickul (2007). The Role of Cognitive Style and Risk Preference on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intentions.
Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 13(4)

40.Miller D.& Friesen P. H. (1978). Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management Science, 24, 921-933.

41.Murry, H.A.(1938). Explorations in Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.

42.Nelson, R., (1993). National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, New
York: Oxford University Press.

43.Pillis, E.D. and Reardon,K.K.(2007).The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention A cross-cultural comparison
Career Development International, 12 (4), 382-396

44.Robert A Baron(2006).Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs , Michael D Ensley Management Science; 52(9), 1331

45.Santos, J.F.(2007). International Advances in Economic Research. Edwardsville：13(4), 443-454

46.Schneider, Benjamin (1983). "Interactional Psychology and Organizational Behavior," Researcb in Organizational Bebavior 5, 1-31.

47.Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development,Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

48.Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. l., & Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54, 845-874.

49.Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S., (2000), “The Promise of Entrepreneurship as
a Field of Research”, Academy of Management Review, 25 (1), 217-226.

50.Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton & K. H. Vesper (Eds.),Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship ,72-90. NJ: Prentice-Hall.

51.Shapero, A. (1984). The entrepreneurial event. In C. A. Kent (Ed.), Environment for Entrepreneurship, 21-40. Lexington, Ma: D. C.Heath.

52.Shaver, K.G. and Scott, L.R. (1991). “Person, process, choice: the psychology of new venture creation”, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 16(2), 23.

53.Shook, C. L., Priem, R. L. & McGee E, J. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 29(3), 379-399.

54.Singh, R. P. (2001). A Comment on developing the field of entrepreneurship through the study of opportunity recognition and exploitation. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 1-7.

55.Sitkin, S. B., & Pablo, A. L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the determinants of risk behavior. Academy of Management Review, 17, 9–39.

56.Smith B. R., Matthews C. H., Schenkel M. T., (2009)Differences in Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Role of Tacitness and Codification in opportunity identification, Journal of Small Business Management ; 47(1), 38-57

57.Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

58.Stevenson, H. H., Roberts, M. J., Grousbeck, H. I., and Bhide, A. V. (1999), New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur, Boston: McGraw Hill Inc.

59.Teach, R. D., Schwartz, R. G.,＆Tarpley, F. A. (1989). The recognition and exploitation of opportunity in the software industry: A study of surviving firms. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 23(2), 383-397.

60.Timmons, J. A. and Spinelli, S. (2004), New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century, 6th ed., Boston: McGraw Hill Inc.

61.Turan, M., & Kara, A. (2007). An exploratory study of characteristics and attributes of turkish entrepreneurs: A cross-country comparison to irish entrepreneurs. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 25-46.

62.Vishal K., Nachiket M. (2007).The influence of proactive personality and stereotype threat on women’s entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Leadership &Organizational Studies,13(4), 73-82.

63.Wincent, J., & Westerberg, M. (2005). Personal traits of ceos, inter-firm networking and entrepreneurship in their firms: Investigating strategic sme network participants. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 271