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研究生： 羅傑
Chieh Lo
論文名稱： 具鋰離子傳導LixSnOS粉體開發與其混成電解質應用於固態鋰離子電池之研究
Studies on LixSnOS Superionic Conductor and its Hybrid Electrolyte for Solid State Lithium Ion Battery
指導教授： 郭東昊
Dong-Hau Kuo
口試委員: 何清華
Ching-Hwa Ho
薛人愷
Ren-Kai Shiue
魏茂國
Mao-Kuo Wei
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 125
中文關鍵詞： 固態陶瓷高鋰離子傳導之粉體 、層狀Li[Li1/3Sn2/3(O,S)2] 、固態混成電解質 、電特性 、鋰電池
外文關鍵詞： solid ceramic high lithium ion conduction powder, layered Li[Li1/3Sn2/3(O,S)2], solid mixed electrolyte, electrical properties
相關次數： 點閱：219  下載：0 
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  •  上一筆

    • 目前商品化的鋰電池主要採用有機電解質來製作，但電池不當使用導致受熱與爆炸危險的問題，持續有發生過。此外，考慮到微型化、可撓性與高能量密度，可撓式全固態鋰電池的開發有其重要性。
    目前固態電解質材料主要有兩種: (1) 無機陶瓷固態電解質與(2)高分子固態電解質薄膜兩種。無機陶瓷固態電解質的材料雖能提供所需的鋰離子導電度，但存在有剛性問題，無法應用於捲曲應用的條件；高分子固態電解質薄膜材料皆屬導電高分子，能夠移轉共軛電子但鋰離子導電度皆不理想。目前在研究方面，室溫下擁有較高鋰離子傳導率為10-2 S/cm的是Li10GeP2S12和其衍生物Li10MP2X12 (M= Ge;Sn;Si, X= S; Se)以及各種鋰硫化物，可惜的是此類型硫化物對濕氣有著極大的敏感度。
    因此本研究將結合硫化物和氧化物的優點，依不同Li:Sn莫耳比的組成配方(LixSnOS)進行物理混合後，經400-600oC高溫煆燒與硫化反應，成功地開發具鋰離子傳導率之無機Li3x[LixSn1-x(O,S)2]陶瓷粉體。藉由改變不同Li:Sn莫耳比所合成不同Li:Sn比所合成的LixSnOS粉體(x = 1、1.5、1.8、2.0、2.2、3.0)、不同硫化溫度(500oC、550oC、600oC)以及不同硫化補償碇(0S、0.5S、1S、1.5S)此三種變數，獲得由Li2SnOS-550-1S條件得到具有最佳鋰離子傳導率達1.92×10-4 S/cm之Li[Li1/3Sn2/3(O,S)2]或Li2Sn(O,S)3陶瓷粉體。
    經化學沉析法與煆燒製備所得固態陶瓷高鋰離子傳導之粉體(Li2SnOS-550-1S)與核能研究所物理組所改良的PVDF-HFP高分子電解質混成，進行不同比例之混摻來製作固態混成電解質之鋰離子電池，並進行材料與元件特性研究。不同Li2SnOS-550-1S添加量所得10%、20%、30%、40%、50%之Li2SnOS-550/PVDF-HFP混成電解質，進行EIS阻抗頻譜分析，隨著Li2SnOS-550粉體含量上升其離子傳導率下降。但很有趣的是進行電池三明治結構之鋰金屬/混成固態電解質/LiCoO2電池元件進行元件電特性分析發現，從循環伏安法(CV)分析及電池的充放電測試及效率測試，可以看到在混成材料當中，以30% Li2SnOS-550/PVDF-HFP之電解質在30次充放電迴圈實驗下，有最佳電容量134.6 mAh/g且效率達95%。

    In recent years, commercially available lithium ion batteries have been mainly produced using organic electrolytes, but the problem of heat and explosion caused by improper use of batteries still continuously occurs. In addition, considering the miniaturization, flexibility and high energy density, the development of flexible all-solid-state lithium batteries is of importance.
    At present, there are two types of solid electrolyte materials: (1) Inorganic ceramic solid electrolyte and (2) Polymer solid electrolyte thin film. Although inorganic ceramic solid electrolyte membrane can provide the required lithium ion conductivity, there is a problem of rigidity, which cannot be applied to the flexible electronics; the polymer solid electrolyte membrane materials are all conductive macromolecules and can transfer conjugated electrons, but its lithium ion conductivity is not ideal. At present, in terms of research, Li10GeP2S12 and its derivatives Li10MP2X12 (M= Ge; Sn; Si, X=S; Se) and others have shown the good lithium ion conductivity of 10-2 S/cm at room temperature. Unfortunately, this type of sulfides is extremely sensitive to moisture.
    This study combines the advantages of high Li ion conductivity of sulfides and high chemical stability of oxides to prepare Li-Sn bimetal oxysulfide at different Li:Sn molar ratios to form the Li ion conductor of Li3x[LixSn1-x(O,S)2]. The experimental parameters include the different Li:Sn molar ratios for LixSnOS powders at x= 1, 1.5, 1.8, 2, and 2.2, the different processing temperatures at 500 oC, 550oC, and 600oC, and the different numbers of compensation disks for sulfurization at 0S, 0.5S, 1S, and 1.5S. The best solid electrolyte is the Li2SnOS-550-1S with Li ion conductivity of 1.92×10-4 S/cm, in which Li2SnOS-550-1S means the LixSnOS mixed powder has a Li:Sn molar ratio of 2:1 and is fired at 550 oC under one compensation disk.
    Solid-state lithium ion conductive powder of Li2SnOS-550-1S in the amount of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.% was mixed with the modified PVDF-HFP electrolyte provided by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research of Taiwan to form the inorganic/organic hybrid electrolytes. The hybrid electrolyte and its Li-ion battery device were evaluated for their properties. It was observed that the Li-ion conductivity of Li2SnOS-550/ PVDF-HFP hybrid films decreased with the increase in the amount of Li2SnOS-550, but the hybrid Li-ion battery with the sandwich structure of LiCoO2 /hybrid solid electrolyte/Li demonstrated improved performance. The hybrid Li-ion battery with the electrolyte of 30 wt.% Li2SnOS-550/ PVDF-HFP had the electrical capacity of 134.6 mAh/g and an efficiency of 95% for 30 cycle runs.

    中文摘要 I Abstract III 致謝 V 目錄 VII 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XIV 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究動機與目的 4 第2章 文獻回顧與動機 6 2.1 固態鋰離子導體 7 2.1.1 氧化物型的離子導體 7 2.1.1.1 50Li2O−(50–x)P2O5−x SiO2與(1–x)LiPO3−x SiO2氧化物型鋰離子導體[31] 7 2.1.1.2 Li16-2xDx(TO4)4 (D = Mg或Zn，T = Si或Ge) 氧化物型鋰離子導體[32] 9 2.1.1.3 Li7La3Zr2O12氧化物型固態鋰離子導體 10 2.1.2 硫化物型的鋰離子導體 12 2.1.2.1 Li10GeP2S12硫化物型固態鋰離子導體之發現 12 2.1.2.2 固態鋰離子導體之材料設計 13 2.1.2.3 Li10Si0.3Sn0.7P2S12離子導體之開發 15 2.1.2.4 Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3高功率全固態電池超導離子導體 16 2.1.2.5 Li10SnP2S12離子導體之開發 18 2.1.2.6 新型硫化物Li0.6(Li0.2Sn0.8)S2離子導體之開發 19 2.1.3 新型硫氧化物電解質 20 2.1.3.1 LiAlSO硫氧型離子導體[39] 20 2.1.3.2 Li–P–S–O固態電解質[15] 21 2.2 高分子電解質的種類與發展趨勢 22 2.3 全固態鋰離子電池 24 第3章 研究方法與步驟 27 3.1 實驗材料及規格 27 3.2 實驗設備 28 3.2.1 電磁加熱攪拌器 28 3.2.2 超音波洗淨機 28 3.2.3 離心機 28 3.2.4 減壓濃縮機 28 3.2.5 分析電子天平 28 3.2.6 真空烘箱 28 3.2.7 高溫式管型爐 28 3.2.8 手套箱 30 3.3 實驗步驟 31 3.3.1 合成SnOS 31 3.3.2 添加鋰 32 3.3.3 煆燒處理 32 3.3.4 核研所研發之高鋰傳導率的膠態高分子 32 3.3.5 有機/無機混成固態電解質漿料塗佈 32 3.3.6 無機陶瓷粉體及有機/無機混成固態電解質特性量測 33 3.4 分析儀器介紹及量測參數 34 3.4.1 高功率X光繞射儀 (High Power X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD) 34 3.4.2 高解析度場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, FESEM) 35 3.4.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) 感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀 36 3.4.4 電化學阻抗頻譜法(EIS) 量測 37 3.5 電池製作與電池特性分析 40 3.5.1 極片製備 40 3.5.2 鈕扣型電池組裝 40 3.5.3 循環伏安法分析 41 3.5.4 電化學效能測試 41 第4章 結果與討論 42 4.1 針對合成材料之組成參數尋找及其特色之所在 43 4.1.1 針對材料合成條件參數 43 4.1.2 新型LixSnOS粉體特色 47 4.2 不同Li:Sn比合成的LixSnOS粉體其分析及探討 50 4.2.1 不同Li含量之LixSnOS粉體其XRD分析 50 4.2.2 不同Li含量之LixSnOS粉體其SEM及EDS分析 54 4.2.3 不同Li含量之LixSnOS粉體其ICP組成鑑定分析 57 4.2.4 不同Li含量之LixSnOS碇材其EIS特性分析 61 4.3 不同硫化溫度處理的Li2SnOS粉體其特性分析及探討 65 4.3.1 不同硫化溫度處理的Li2SnOS粉體其XRD分析 65 4.3.2 不同硫化處理溫度之Li2SnOS粉體其SEM及EDS分析 67 4.3.3 不同硫化溫度處理之Li2SnOS粉體其ICP組成分析 70 4.3.4 不同硫化溫度處理之LixSnOS粉體其EIS阻抗頻譜分析 73 4.4 不同硫含量之Li2SnOS-550粉體其特性分析及探討 76 4.4.1 改變硫化補償碇之Li2SnOS-550粉體其XRD分析 76 4.4.2 改變硫化補償碇之Li2SnOS-550粉體其SEM及EDS分析 78 4.4.3 改變硫化補償碇之Li2SnOS-550粉體其ICP組成分析 80 4.4.4 改變硫化補償碇之Li2SnOS-550粉體其EIS阻抗分析 83 4.5 有機/無機混成固態電解質分析及探討 86 4.5.1 Li2SnOS-550/改質PVDF-HFP混成固態電解質其EIS分析 86 4.5.2 有機/無機混成固態電解質製得鋰離子電池其CV分析 90 4.5.3 有機/無機混成固態電解質鋰電池充放電元件測試 93 第5章 結論 100 第6章 參考文獻 104

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