The total energy consumption is one of the important parameters to be considered and understood in this new era of energy efficiency and green building. Nowadays, energy efficiency has become a critical issue and people start to think about the new approach to reduce energy consumption. This research uses an office building as the subject of study because of the rise of this type of the building around the world.
The basic methodology in this research is simulation, yet, based on the real world characteristics, conditions, and also the understanding of the building parameters. Different gradation of location such as Chicago in U.S.A, Taipei in Taiwan, and Jakarta in Indonesia has been scrutinized in this research. They represent different characteristic of climate, people, and building design. The building’s systems, and building environment and operation are made to represent the actual condition of the real building in the world. Common green building features are also implemented in this simulation research to understand the problems and characteristics of each location.
The simulation results indicate that the energy consumption of each country depends on the problems of each location. The different problems need different approaches to solve for maximum energy saving. Daylight, green building features, and window percentage are a good option to reduce energy consumption. Daylight becomes the best solution to reduce energy consumption (in every country) and followed by design features (based on each location). Office’s cultural behavior also has big influenced to the energy consumption. The results indicate that developed country will consume more energy than developing’s country because of people’s different behavior inside the office.

The total energy consumption is one of the important parameters to be considered and understood in this new era of energy efficiency and green building. Nowadays, energy efficiency has become a critical issue and people start to think about the new approach to reduce energy consumption. This research uses an office building as the subject of study because of the rise of this type of the building around the world.
The basic methodology in this research is simulation, yet, based on the real world characteristics, conditions, and also the understanding of the building parameters. Different gradation of location such as Chicago in U.S.A, Taipei in Taiwan, and Jakarta in Indonesia has been scrutinized in this research. They represent different characteristic of climate, people, and building design. The building’s systems, and building environment and operation are made to represent the actual condition of the real building in the world. Common green building features are also implemented in this simulation research to understand the problems and characteristics of each location.
The simulation results indicate that the energy consumption of each country depends on the problems of each location. The different problems need different approaches to solve for maximum energy saving. Daylight, green building features, and window percentage are a good option to reduce energy consumption. Daylight becomes the best solution to reduce energy consumption (in every country) and followed by design features (based on each location). Office’s cultural behavior also has big influenced to the energy consumption. The results indicate that developed country will consume more energy than developing’s country because of people’s different behavior inside the office.

[1] Neufert, E., & Neufert, P. (2012). Architects' data. John Wiley & Sons.
[2] Eisele, J., & Kloft, E. (2003). High-rise manual: typology and design, construction and technology. Birkhauser.
[3] Marmot, A., & Eley, J. (2000). Office space planning: designing for tomorrow's workplace. McGraw-Hill.
[4] Handbook, A. S. H. R. A. E. (2001). Fundamentals. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, 111.
[5] Adak, M. F., Duru, N., & Duru, H. T. (2013). Elevator simulator design and estimating energy consumption of an elevator system. Energy and Buildings,65, 272-280.
[6] United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1990). Ventilation and Air Quality in Offices.
[7] California Energy Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research Program. (2005). Integrated Office Lighting System.
[8] Hwang, R. L., & Cheng, M. J. (2007). Field survey on human thermal comfort reports in air-conditioned offices in Taiwan. Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 1, 8-13.
[9] Karyono, T. H. (2000). Report on thermal comfort and building energy studies in Jakarta—Indonesia. Building and environment, 35(1), 77-90.
[10] Roetzel, A., & Tsangrassoulis, A. (2012). Impact of climate change on comfort and energy performance in offices. Building and environment, 57, 349-361.
[11] Human comfort and Health Requirements [Lecture notes]. (2013). Retrieved from http://courses.washington.edu/me333afe/Comfort_Health.pdf
[12] Rubino, M., Cruz, A., Garcia, J. A., & Hita, E. (1994). Discomfort Glare Indices: A Comparative Study. Applied Optics.