近年台灣學生赴海外留學人數已突破每年4萬人，許多學者都同意赴海外留學的經驗，能夠對個人帶來各式各樣正向的影響，而這些影響之中，最多學者所提到的即是全球化思維程度的提升以及對個人未來生涯規劃的影響。
因此，本研究在過往文獻的基礎上，以海外留學經驗的有無作為比較，個別探討海外留學的經驗對全球化思維、生涯探索以及生涯適應能力的影響，並且探討四者間的關係與連結，並且最後驗證生涯探索是否能作為中介因子影響全球化思維與生涯適應能力的關係。
主要研究發現，有海外留學經驗確實會影響個人全球化思維的程度、生涯探索的傾向以及生涯適應能力的程度。並且無論有無海外留學經驗，生涯探索皆扮演部分或完全中介的角色。亦即，全球化思維會透過生涯探索進而促使個人展現更好的生涯適應能力。

In the past years, students who had applied for studying abroad visa in Taiwan has been over 40 thousand people per year. Most researchers agree with that by experiences of studying abroad, one can gain many kinds of initiative effects including enhance the level of global mindset and change one’s view on his or her career plan.
Therefore, on the basic of past studies, this study tried to explain that how the experience of studying abroad will affect global mindset, career exploration and career adaptability. Also, tried to explain the connection between the experience of studying abroad, global mindset, career exploration and career adaptability; and will discuss whether career exploration be mediator between global mindset and career adaptability.
Results revealed that the level of global mindset, career exploration and career adaptability indeed related to the experience of studying abroad. Also, whether with the experience of studying abroad, career exploration would be mediator between global mindset and career adaptability.

一、 中文文獻
1. Fundamentals of human resource management(2008)。人力資源管理全球經驗本土實踐。(王精文譯)。台北：雙葉書廊(原作於2005年出版)
2. 王秀槐(民104)。從「以我為榮」到「證明自己」：華人文化脈絡下知覺不同父母期待之大學生的生涯因應組型初探研究。輔導與諮商學報。37(1):79-97。
3. 許金田、曹文瑜(2014)。海外留學跨文化經驗對自我效能與未來機會展望的影響：人格特質的調節效果。人力資源管理學報。14(3):63-90。
4. 陳佳雯、陸洛(2011)。「還有明天？」工作不安全感對員工的差異性影響。人力資源管理學報。11(3):49-73。
5. 劉念琪、王志袁(2011)。工作與生活平衡實務對組織離職與生產力之影響。人力資源管理學報。11(3):75-95。
6. 張芳全(民100)。國際留學生留學因素之探討。T&D飛訊。126:1-23。
7. 張芳全、余民寧(1999)。亞洲國家與美國間留學互動因素之探索。教育與心理研究。22(2):213-150。
8. 陳秉華(1994)。台灣留學生經驗：自我統合的改變研究。教育心理學報。27:105-139。
9. 許悅玲、王鼎鈞(2009)。低成本航空：經營與管理。台北：揚智。
10. 楊淑涵、田秀蘭、吳欣倫、朱惠瓊(2014)。職場工作者生涯自我效能、生涯調適力與工作適應之因素模型驗證。輔導與諮商學報。37(1):21-42。

二、 英文文獻
1. Andreotti, V. O. (2010). Global education in the ‘21st Century’: Two different perspectives on the ‘post-’ of postmodernism. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 2(2),5-22.
2. Behrnd, V., & Porzelt, S. (2012). Intercultural competence and training outcomes of students with experiences abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 213-223.
3. Ben, L. K. & Ananda, M. (1999). Global managers: Developing a mindset for global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 34(3), 230-251.
4. Berlew, E.D & Hall, D.T. (1966) The socialization of managers: Effects of expectations on performance.  Administrative Science Quarterly. 11(2), 207-223
5. Black, J. S. & Gregersen, H. B. (2000). High impact training: Forging leaders for the global frontier. Human Resource Management, 39, 173-184.
6. Blau, G. (1994). Testing a two-dimension measure of job search behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 288–312.
7. Blustein, D. L. (1997). A context-rich perspective of career exploration across the life roles. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 260-274.
8. Blustein, D.L. (1997) A context-rich perspective of career exploration across the life roles. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 260-274.
9. Cangiano, F., & Parker, S. K. (2016). Proactivity for mental health and well-being. In S. Clarke, T. M. Probst, F. Guldenmund, & J. Passmore (Eds.), Wiley Blackwell handbooks in organizational psychology. The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of occupational safety and workplace health : Wiley-Blackwell.
10. Carlson, M., Marcus-Newhall, A., & Miller, N. (1990). Effects of situational aggression cues: A quantitative review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 622–633.
11. Clarke, I. , Wright, N.d. & Clarke,T.B. (2009). Student intercultural proficiency from study abroad programs. Journal of Marketing Education, 31(2), 173-181.
12. Douglas, C., & Jones-Rikkers, C.G. (2001). Study abroad programs and American student world mindedness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 13(1), 55-66.
13. Euler, H. P., & Rami, U. (2006). Beruflich erfolgreicher durch auslandsaufenthalte w a ̈ hrend des studiums: Studie zur evaluierung des kepler-internationalisierungsprogrammes (KIP). Linz: Trauner.
14. Flum, H., Blustein, D.L. (2000) Reinvigorating the study of vocational exploration: a framework for research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 380-404.
15. Gregerson, H.B. & Morrison, A.J. & Black, J.S. (1998). Developing leaders for the global frontier. Sloan Management Review, 1(40), 21-39.
16. Guan, Y., Zhuang, M., Cai, Z., Ding, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., & Lai, X. (2017). Modeling dynamics in career construction: Reciprocal relationship between future work self and career exploration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 101, 21-31.
17. Gupta, A. K. & Govindarajan, V. (2002). Cultivating a global mindset. Academy of Management Executive, 16, 116-126.
18. Hett, E.J. (1993). Development of an instrument to measure global-mindedness. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54(10), 3724 (UMI NO.9408210)
19. Heublein, U., Hutzsch, C., Schreiber, J., & Sommer, D.(2011). Internationale mobilität im studium 2009 (HIS Projektbericht) [International mobility in higher educaton in 2009 (HIS report)].
20. Holoviak, J., Verney, T., Winter, A., and Holoviak, S. (2011). Assessing academic performance through study abroad: Benefits of the experience. Higher Education Journal, 11, 1-10.
21. Hwang, K. K. (2001). Introducing human rights education in the Confucian society of Taiwan: Its implications for ethical leadership in education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4(4), 321-332.
22. Joana, S. & John, E.B.J. (2011). Global Mindset: A Construct clarification and framework. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 18(3),377-384.
23. Jones, A. (2004). Review of gap year provision (Research Brief No. RB555). London, England: Department for Education and Skills.
24. Jordaan, J.P. (1963). Exploratory behavior: the formation of self and occupational concepts. In D. E. Super, R. Starishevsky, R. Matlin, & J.P. Jordaan. Career development: selfconcept theory. NY: College Entrance Board
25. Kedia, B. L. & Mukherji, A. (1999). Global managers: Developing a mindset for global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 34, 230-251.
26. Kefalas, A. G. S. & Neuland, E. W. (1997). Global mindsets: An exploratory study. A paper presented at the Academy of International Business Conference in Monterrey, Mexico.
27. King, A. (2011). Minding the gap? Young people’s accounts of taking a gap year as a form of identity work in higher education. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(3), 341-357.
28. Koen, J., Klehe, U.-C., Vianen, A. E. M., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A (2010). Job-search strategies and reemployment quality - the impact of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior,77, 126-139.
29. Levy,O., Beechler,S. Taylor,S. & Boyacigiller, N.A.(2007). What we talk about when we talk about “Global Mindset”: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies. 38(2),231-258.
30. Liu, N.C. & Wang, C.Y. (2011). The effects of work-life bundles on organizational turnover and productivity. Journal of Human Resource Management. 11(3), 75-95.
31. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting & task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
32. Maggiori, C., Johnston,C.S., Krings, F., Massoudi, k. & Rossier, J. (2013). The role of career adaptability and work conditions on general and professional well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 83(3),437-449.
33. Martin, J. A.(2010). Should students have a gap year? Motivation and performance factors relevant to time out after completing school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 561-576.
34. Maznevski, M. & Lane, H. (2004). Shaping the global mindset: Designing educational experiences for effective global thinking and action. In Teaching and Experiencing Cross-Cultural Management: Lessons from Master Teachers. Ed. Boyacigiller, N., Goodman, R.M., & Phillips, M. 171-184. New York: Routledge.
35. Mitchell, K. E., Levin, A.S.,& Krumboltz ,J.D.(1999).Planned happenstance : Constructing unexpected career opportunities. Journal of counseling and development,77,115-124.
36. Oddou, G., Mendenhall, M. E. & Ritchie, J. B. (2000). Leveraging travel as a tool for global leadership development. Human Resource Management, 39, 159-172.
37. Perlmutter, H. V. (1969). The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Columbia Journal of World Business, 4, 9-18.
38. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice: Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology Reducing prejudice and discrimination: Social psychological perspectives. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
39. Pucik, V. & Saba, T. (1998). Selecting and developing the global versus the expatriate manager: A review of the state-of-the-art. Human Resource Planning, 21(4), 40-54.
40. Rhinesmith, S.H. (1993), A manager's guide to globalizations: Six keys to success in a changing world, Homewood, IL :Business One Irwin , .
41. Rottinghaus, P. J., Day, S. X., & Borgen, F. H. (2005). The career futures inventory: A measure of career-related adaptability and optimism. Journal of Career Assessment, 13, 3-24.
42. Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. Career Development and Counseling: Putting Theory and Research to Work, edited by S. D. Brown and R. W. Lent. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
43. Savickas, M. L. (2013), Career counseling, Washington , DC: American Psychological Association Press.
44. Savickas, M.L. & Porfeli E. (2012). Career adaptabilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 80(3):661-673.
45. Savickas, M.L. (1997). Career adaptability: an integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247-259.
46. Savickas, M.L. (2011). Career counseling. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
47. Simpson, K. (2003) Dropping Out or Signing Up? The Professionalism of Youth Travel. A Radical Journal of Geography ANTIPODW, 37(3), 447-469
48. Stephen L. C. (2010). Effective global leadership requires a global mindset. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(1), 3-10.
49. Stumpf, S. A., & Hartman, K. (1984). Individual exploration to organizational commitment or withdrawal. Academy of Management Journal, 27(2), 308-329.
50. Stumpf, S.A., Colarelli, S.M., Hartman, K.(1983) Development of the career exploration survey (CES) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22 ,191-226.
51. Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 9(2), 194-201.
52. Super, D.E. & Knasel, E.G. (1981) Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 9,194-201.
Werbel, J. D. (2000). Relationships among career exploration, job search intensity, and job search effectiveness in graduating college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 57(3), 379-394