簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 張智棊
Chih-Chi Chang
論文名稱: 在間歇性供電裝置上排程具時效性的應用程式
Scheduling Time-sensitive Applications in Intermittently-powered Devices
指導教授: 陳雅淑
Ya-Shu Chen
口試委員: 謝仁偉
Jen-Wei Hsieh
吳晉賢
Chin-Hsien Wu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 42
中文關鍵詞: 間歇性供電能量採集變動能量來源動態能量消耗
外文關鍵詞: Intermittent execution, Energy harvesting, Adaptive application, Energy-aware scheduling
相關次數: 點閱:142下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 具能量採集功能的物聯網設備降低了電池維護的成本和污染。然而,動態輸入功率的影響和應用程序的間歇性執行,導致在具能量採集功能的物聯網設備中調度具即時性的應用程序更有挑戰性。在這項研究中,我們提出了一種能量時間預測器來估計運行時具有干擾延遲和不同充電延遲的應用程序的反應時間。為了提高間歇設備上多個即時性應用程序的工作時效內完成率,我們進而提出了動態執行評估器和能量時間控制流程。我們在真實平台上評估其性能,其結果顯示能有效提高工作時效內完成率。


    Energy harvesting IoT devices reduce battery maintenance costs and pollution. The influence of dynamic input power and the intermittent execution of applications result in scheduling time-sensitive applications in energy-harvesting IoT devices more challenging. In this study, we propose an energy time predictor to estimate the response time of applications with interference delay and varied charging delay during run-time. We then present a dynamic process evaluator and energy time admission control to improve the meet ratio of multiple time-sensitive applications on intermittent devices. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated on a real platform and impressive results were obtained.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 RELATEDWORK 2.1 Intermittent Execution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Intermittently Powered System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 Scheduling on Intermittently Powered System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 SYSTEM MODEL AND MOTIVATION 3.1 System Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Scheduling Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4 APPROACH 4.1 Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4.2 Energy Time Predictor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.3 Dynamic Process Evaluator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.4 Deadline Energy Admission Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5 EVALUATION 5.1 Experiment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.1.1 Hardware Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5.1.2 Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6 CONCLUSION References

    [1] C.-K. Kang, C.-H. Lin, P.-C. Hsiu, and M.-S. Chen, “Homerun: Hw/sw
    co-design for program atomicity on self-powered intermittent systems,”
    in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics
    and Design, pp. 1–6, 2018.
    [2] L. Mottola and G. P. Picco, “Muster: adaptive energy-aware multi-sink
    routing in wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile
    Computing, 2011.
    [3] C. Li, F. Jiang, C. Liu, P. Liu, and J. Xu, “Present and future thermoelectric
    materials toward wearable energy harvesting,” Applied Materials
    Today, vol. 15, pp. 543–557, 2019.
    [4] Y.-M. Choi, M. G. Lee, and Y. Jeon, “Wearable biomechanical energy
    harvesting technologies,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 10, 2017.
    [5] J.-H. Bahk, H. Fang, K. Yazawa, and A. Shakouri, “Flexible thermoelectric
    materials and device optimization for wearable energy harvesting,”
    Journal of Materials Chemistry C, vol. 3, no. 40, pp. 10362–10374,
    2015.
    [6] Q. Brogan, T. O’Connor, and D. S. Ha, “Solar and thermal energy harvesting
    with a wearable jacket,” in 2014 IEEE International Symposium
    on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), pp. 1412–1415, IEEE, 2014.
    [7] T. Starner, “Human-powered wearable computing,” IBM systems Journal,
    vol. 35, no. 3.4, pp. 618–629, 1996.
    [8] K. Ma, Y. Zheng, S. Li, K. Swaminathan, X. Li, Y. Liu, J. Sampson,
    Y. Xie, and V. Narayanan, “Architecture exploration for ambient energy
    harvesting nonvolatile processors,” in 2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium
    on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), pp. 526–
    537, IEEE, 2015.
    [9] J. H. Hyun, L. Huang, and D. S. Ha, “Vibration and thermal energy
    harvesting system for automobiles with impedance matching and wakeup,”
    in 2018 IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems
    (ISCAS), pp. 1–5, IEEE, 2018.
    [10] J.-P. Martin and Q. Li, “Generating electricity while walking with a
    medial–lateral oscillating load carriage device,” Royal Society open
    science, vol. 6, no. 7, p. 182021, 2019.
    [11] B. Lucia and B. Ransford, “A simpler, safer programming and execution
    model for intermittent systems,” ACM SIGPLAN Notices, vol. 50, no. 6,
    pp. 575–585, 2015.
    [12] Y.-L. Lin, C.-M. Kyung, H. Yasuura, and Y. Liu, Smart sensors and
    systems, vol. 12. Springer, 2015.
    [13] A. Gomez, L. Sigrist, M. Magno, L. Benini, and L. Thiele, “Dynamic
    energy burst scaling for transiently powered systems,” in 2016 Design,
    Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 349–
    354, IEEE, 2016.
    [14] D. Balsamo, A. S. Weddell, A. Das, A. R. Arreola, D. Brunelli, B. M. Al-
    Hashimi, G. V. Merrett, and L. Benini, “Hibernus++: a self-calibrating
    and adaptive system for transiently-powered embedded devices,” IEEE
    Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and
    Systems, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1968–1980, 2016.
    [15] T. Daulby, A. Savanth, G. V. Merrett, and A. S. Weddell, “Improving the
    forward progress of transient systems,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-
    Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 444–
    452, 2020.
    [16] A. Y. Majid, C. D. Donne, K. Maeng, A. Colin, K. S. Yildirim,
    B. Lucia, and P. Pawełczak, “Dynamic task-based intermittent execution
    for energy-harvesting devices,” ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
    (TOSN), vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–24, 2020.
    [17] A. Bakar, A. G. Ross, K. S. Yildirim, and J. Hester, “Rehash: A flexible,
    developer focused, heuristic adaptation platform for intermittently
    powered computing,” Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile,
    Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1–42, 2021.
    [18] J. de Winkel, C. Delle Donne, K. S. Yildirim, P. Pawełczak, and J. Hester,
    “Reliable timekeeping for intermittent computing,” in Proceedings
    of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support
    for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 53–67, 2020.
    [19] B. Ransford, J. Sorber, and K. Fu, “Mementos: System support for
    long-running computation on rfid-scale devices,” in Proceedings of the
    sixteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming
    languages and operating systems, pp. 159–170, 2011.
    [20] D. Balsamo, A. S. Weddell, G. V. Merrett, B. M. Al-Hashimi,
    D. Brunelli, and L. Benini, “Hibernus: Sustaining computation during
    intermittent supply for energy-harvesting systems,” IEEE Embedded
    Systems Letters, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15–18, 2014.
    [21] K. Maeng, A. Colin, and B. Lucia, “Alpaca: Intermittent execution without
    checkpoints,” Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages,
    vol. 1, no. OOPSLA, pp. 1–30, 2017.
    [22] A. Colin and B. Lucia, “Termination checking and task decomposition
    for task-based intermittent programs,” in Proceedings of the 27th International
    Conference on Compiler Construction, pp. 116–127, 2018.
    [23] S. T. Sliper, D. Balsamo, N. Nikoleris, W. Wang, A. S. Weddell,
    and G. V. Merrett, “Efficient state retention through paged memory
    management for reactive transient computing,” in Proceedings of the
    56th Annual Design Automation Conference 2019, pp. 1–6, 2019.
    [24] M. M¨ulayim, A. Goknil, and K. S. Yıldırım, “Taskify: An integrated
    development environment to develop and debug intermittent software for
    the batteryless internet of things,” in 2020 16th International Conference
    on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), pp. 348–355,
    IEEE, 2020.
    [25] W.-M. Chen, T.-W. Kuo, and P.-C. Hsiu, “Enabling failure-resilient
    intermittent systems without runtime checkpointing,” IEEE Transactions
    on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 39,
    no. 12, pp. 4399–4412, 2020.
    [26] M. Karimi and H. Kim, “Energy scheduling for task execution on
    intermittently-powered devices,” ACM SIGBED Review, vol. 17, no. 1,
    pp. 36–41, 2020.
    [27] B. Islam and S. Nirjon, “Scheduling computational and energy harvesting
    tasks in deadline-aware intermittent systems,” in 2020 IEEE Real-
    Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS),
    pp. 95–109, IEEE, 2020.
    [28] K. S. Yıldırım, A. Y. Majid, D. Patoukas, K. Schaper, P. Pawelczak,
    and J. Hester, “Ink: Reactive kernel for tiny batteryless sensors,” in
    Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked
    Sensor Systems, pp. 41–53, 2018.
    [29] K. Maeng and B. Lucia, “Adaptive low-overhead scheduling for periodic
    and reactive intermittent execution,” in Proceedings of the 41st ACM
    SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation,
    pp. 1005–1021, 2020.
    [30] S. Ahmed, N. A. Bhatti, M. H. Alizai, J. H. Siddiqui, and L. Mottola,
    “Fast and energy-efficient state checkpointing for intermittent computing,”
    ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS),
    vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1–27, 2020.
    [31] K. Maeng and B. Lucia, “Adaptive dynamic checkpointing for safe efficient
    intermittent computing,” in 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating
    Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18), pp. 129–144, 2018.
    [32] H. Jayakumar, A. Raha, and V. Raghunathan, “Quickrecall: A low
    overhead hw/sw approach for enabling computations across power
    cycles in transiently powered computers,” in 2014 27th International
    Conference on VLSI Design and 2014 13th International Conference on
    Embedded Systems, pp. 330–335, IEEE, 2014.
    [33] J. San Miguel, K. Ganesan, M. Badr, C. Xia, R. Li, H. Hsiao, and N. E.
    Jerger, “The eh model: Early design space exploration of intermittent
    9
    processor architectures,” in 2018 51st Annual IEEE/ACM International
    Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO), pp. 600–612, IEEE, 2018.
    [34] V. Kortbeek, K. S. Yildirim, A. Bakar, J. Sorber, J. Hester, and
    P. Pawełczak, “Time-sensitive intermittent computing meets legacy
    software,” in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference
    on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating
    Systems, pp. 85–99, 2020.
    [35] W. S. Lim, C.-H. Tu, C.-F. Wu, and Y.-H. Chang, “Icheck: Progressive
    checkpointing for intermittent systems,” IEEE Transactions on
    Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 40,
    no. 11, pp. 2224–2236, 2020.
    [36] F. Erata, E. Yıldız, A. Goknil, K. S. Yıldırım, R. Piskac, J. Szefer,
    and G. Sezgin, “Etap: Energy-aware timing analysis of intermittent programs,”
    ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS),
    2022.
    [37] S. Lee, B. Islam, Y. Luo, and S. Nirjon, “Intermittent learning: On-device
    machine learning on intermittently powered system,” Proceedings of the
    ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies,
    vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1–30, 2019.
    [38] H. Yang and Y. Zhang, “A task scheduling algorithm based on supercapacitor
    charge redistribution and energy harvesting for wireless sensor
    nodes,” Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 6, pp. 186–194, 2016.
    [39] C. Pan, M. Xie, S. Han, Z.-H. Mao, and J. Hu, “Modeling and
    optimization for self-powered non-volatile iot edge devices with ultralow
    harvesting power,” ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems,
    vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1–26, 2019.
    [40] H. Korala, D. Georgakopoulos, P. P. Jayaraman, and A. Yavari, “Managing
    time-sensitive iot applications via dynamic application task distribution
    and adaptation,” Remote Sensing, vol. 13, no. 20, p. 4148, 2021.
    [41] Z. Zhao, K. M. Barijough, and A. Gerstlauer, “Deepthings: Distributed
    adaptive deep learning inference on resource-constrained iot edge
    clusters,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated
    Circuits and Systems, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 2348–2359, 2018.
    [42] G. Gobieski, B. Lucia, and N. Beckmann, “Intelligence beyond the edge:
    Inference on intermittent embedded systems,” in Proceedings of the
    Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for
    Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 199–213, 2019.
    [43] C.-K. Kang, H. R. Mendis, C.-H. Lin, M.-S. Chen, and P.-C. Hsiu,
    “Everything leaves footprints: Hardware accelerated intermittent deep
    inference,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated
    Circuits and Systems, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 3479–3491, 2020.

    無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2027/09/30 (校內網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
    全文公開日期 本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
    QR CODE