研究生: |
周聖倫 Sheng-Lueng Chou |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
壓電能量擷取系統以邊界設計方法降低共振頻率之研究 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System to Reduce the Resonant Frequency by Boundary Design Method |
指導教授: |
黃育熙
Yu-Hsi Huang |
口試委員: |
陳品銓
Pin-Chuan Chen 劉孟昆 Meng-Kun Liu |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 139 |
中文關鍵詞: | 壓電能量擷取系統 、降頻 、邊界條件 、彈簧 、共振頻率 、模態 、電子斑點干涉術 、阻抗分析法 、雷射都卜勒振動儀 |
外文關鍵詞: | Piezoelectric energy harvester, lower down frequency, boundary condition, spring, resonant frequency, mode shape, AF-ESPI, impedance analyzer, LDV |
相關次數: | 點閱:309 下載:2 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文主旨在於透過設計不同型式之邊界連接壓電雙晶片,以降低其共振頻率,本論文所設計的邊界型式有:具有柔度的彈性支架邊界、將試片一端接上彈簧之單邊彈簧邊界以及試片兩端均接上彈簧之雙邊彈簧邊界,本論文將實地製作多種邊界,並透過多種不同之實驗方法進行實驗驗證,實驗之結果將與有限元素法與理論分析之結果進行比較,以確認其準確性,其中理論分析的部分,本研究透過樑理論模型來探討壓電材料之振動特性,透過該模型可探討試片在不同線性勁度與扭轉勁度之邊界下,將對應哪些共振頻率,此外在進行實驗之過程中亦會量測單邊固定與雙邊固定邊界之振動特性,以作為共振頻率降低之比較基礎。本研究透過三種量測設備來協助進行分析,包括全域式的電子斑點干涉術(Electric Speckle Pattern Interferometry,簡稱 ESPI)可針對壓電材料進行即時量測,記錄三維振動的模態振形與共振頻率的參考依據;雷射都卜勒振動儀(Laser Doppler Vibrometer,簡稱 LDV)可針對壓電材料單點的面外(out-of-plane)振動進行穩態掃頻量測位移分析,並且可以獲得壓電材料的面外共振頻率;阻抗分析儀(Impedance Analyzer)則針對壓電材料的電性作量測,可獲得面內振動的共振頻率,同時亦可獲得反共振頻率。由實驗結果發現彈性支架邊界與彈簧邊界均能有效的降低試片共振頻率,但部分邊界設計在降頻的同時會有降低試片輸出電壓之現象,雙邊雙彈簧邊界為本研究中較佳之邊界型式,該邊界型式除了能大幅降低共振頻率外,亦能提高能量擷取時之電壓輸出。此外本研究所推導之理論模型與模擬結果亦有良好之對應性。
In this paper, the purpose of this investigation is to design the different boundary conditions to connect the PZT for reducing its natural frequency. The boundary conditions are including both on elastic fixtures and spring boundaries. The several designs used on a series of experimental measurements to verify our predictions. The experimental results are compared with the FEM and theoretical analysis. The Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory is used to analyze on the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric materials. The natural frequencies of piezoelectric plates are calculated based on three boundary conditions, i.e., clamped end, linear and torsional stiffness. In addition, the natural frequencies of the clamped-end boundary condition are determined as the basis for comparison with the reduction of the natural frequency.
Three experimental techniques are used to measure the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric materials. First, the full-field optical technique, amplitude-fluctuatio n electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI), can measure simultaneously the resonant frequencies and mode shapes for out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations. Second, the pointwise measurement system, laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), can obtain resonant frequencies by dynamic signal swept-sine analysis. Third, the correspondent in-plane resonant frequencies and anti-resonant frequencies are obtained by impedance analysis. It is found that the boundary conditions under the elastic fixtures and the spring boundaries can effectively reduce the resonant frequency of the PZT, However, some of the boundary conditions might reduce the output voltage of the piezoelectric voltage energy harvester at the same time. It can be concluded on that the bilateral spring boundary is the better boundary condition when the PZT was designed both on the lower down frequency and higher the voltage output. It is shown on good agreement between the theoretical analysis, FEM calculation, and experimental measurements in this study.
[1] 連益慶,舒貽忠,「陣列式壓電振動能量擷取系統在不同介面電路下之動態特性分析研究」,國立台灣大學應用力學研究所博士論文,2012 年。
[2] Heywang W., Lubitz K. and Wersing W., Piezoelectricity-evolution and future of a technology. Springer, 2008.
[3] “陶瓷技術手冊” ,經濟部技術處發行,中華民國產業科技發展協會與中華民國粉末冶金協會出版(1994/07)
[4] Lloyd, P. and Redwood, M., “Finite-difference method for the investigation of the vibrations of solids and the equivalent-circuit characteristics of piezoelectric resonators, Parts I and II,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Vol. 39, pp. 346-361, 1966.
[5] Tiersten, H.F., Linear Piezoelectric Plate Vibrations. New York: Plenum, 1969.
[6] IEEE standard on piezoelectricity. IEEE Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society, ANSI/IEEE Std 176-1987.
[7] Tzou H.S., Piezoelectric shells: distributed sensing and control of continua. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
[8] Heywang, W., Lubitz, K. and Wersing, W., Piezoelectricity-evolution and future of a technology. Springer, 2008.
[9] Butters, J.N. and Leendertz, J.A.,“Speckle pattern and holographic techniques in engineering metrology,” Optics and Laser Technology, 3(1), 1971, pp. 26-30.
[10] Hφgmoen K. and Lφkberg O.J., “Detection and measurement of small vibratio ns using electronic speckle pattern interferometry,” Applied Optics, 16(7), 1977, pp. 1869-1875.
[11] Wykes C., “Use of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) in the measurement of static and dynamic surface displacements,” Optical Engineering, 21, 1982, pp. 400-406.
[12] Nakadate S., Saito H. and Nakajima T., “Vibration measurement using phase-shifting stroboscopic holographic interferometry,” Journal of Modern Optics, 33(10), 1986, pp. 1295-1309.
[13] Wang W.C., Hwang C.H. and Lin S.Y., “Vibration measurement by the time-averaged electronic speckle pattern interferometry methods,” Applied Optics, 35(22), 1996, pp. 4502-4509.
[14] Ma C.C. and Huang C.H., “Experimental and numerical analysis of vibrating cracked plates at resonant frequencies,” Experimental Mechanics, 41(1), 2001, pp. 8-18.
[15] Ma C.C. and Huang C.H., “Experimental full field investigations of resonant vibrations for piezoceramic plates by an optical interferometry method,” Experimental Mechanics, 42(2), 2002, pp. 140-146.
[16] 黃育熙,馬劍清,「壓電陶瓷平板、薄殼、與雙晶片三維耦合動態特性之實驗量測、數值計算、與理論解析」,國立台灣大學機械工程研究所博士論文, 2009 年。
[17] Ma C.C., Lin H.Y., Lin Y.C. and Huang Y.H.,“Experimental and numerical investigations on resonant characteristics of a single-layer piezoceramic plate and a cross-ply piezolaminates composite plate,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(3), 2006, pp. 1476-1486.
[18] Cady W.G., Piezoelectricity. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 1946.
[19] Mason W.P., Piezoelectric crystals and their application to ultrasonics. New York: Van Nostrand, 1950.
[20] Henry A.S., Daniel J.I. and Gyuhae P., “Comparison of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Recharging Batteries,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2005.
[21] Anton S.R. and Sodano H.A., “A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials (2003-2006)” , Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 16, No. 3, 2007.
[22] Hibbeler, R.C., Mechanics of materials. 3rd edition, Prentice Hall Press, 1997.
[23] Cook-Chennaul K.A.,Thambi N,Bitetto M.A and Hameyie E.B., “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting A Green and Clean Alternative for Sustained Power Production,” Bulletin of Science Technology & Society, 2008.
[24] Liang, J. and Liao, W.H., “Energy Harvesting and Dissipation with Piezoelectric Materials”, IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, pp.
446- 451, June 20 -23, 2008.
[25] Howells C.A., “Piezoelectric energy harvesting,” Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 2009.
[26] Carlos D.M.J., Alper E, Daniel J.I., “An electromechanical finite element model for piezoelectric energy harvester plates”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, pp. 9–25, 2009.
[27] Ahmad R., Hashim M.H., “Development of Energy Harvesting Device using Piezoelectric Material”, IEEE, 2011.
[28] 連益慶,舒貽忠,「壓電振動能量擷取系統介紹」,工業材料雜誌 263 期, 2008 年。
[29] Liang J.,Liao W.H, “Improved Design and Analysis of Self-Powered Synchronized Switch Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems”, IEEE, 2012.
[30] Wang S.Y., “A finite element model for the static and dynamic analysis of a piezoelectric bimorph,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41, 2004, pp. 4075-4096.
[31] Ma C.C., Lin Y.C., Huang Y.H. and Lin H.Y.,“Experimental measurement and numerical analysis on resonant characteristics of cantilever plates for piezoceramic bimorphs,” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 54(2) , 2007, pp. 227-239.
[32] 林憲陽,馬劍清,「壓電陶瓷複合層板動態特性之數值分析與實驗量測」,國立台灣大學機械工程研究所博士論文,2002 年 6 月。
[33] 黃吉宏,馬劍清,「應用電子斑點干涉術探討三維壓電材料體及含裂紋板的振動問題」,國立台灣大學機械工程研究所博士論文,1998 年 6 月。
[34] PhotonicsEncyclopedia, R., Acousto-optic Modulators.
http://www.rp-photonics.com/acousto_optic_modulators.html.
[35] Polytec, PDV-100 Vibrometer Education Kit.
[36] Zhou Y.S. and Tiersten H.F., “On the normal acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators with the mode shape displaced with respect to rectangular supports,” Journal of Applied Physics, 69(5), 1991, pp. 2862-2870.
[37] Royer D., Dieulesaint E. and LyleElastic S.N., Waves in Solids: Generation, acousto-optic interaction, applications, Springer, 2000.
[38] Andrushchenko V.A., Vovkodav I.F., Karlash V.L. and Ulitko A.F., “Coefficient of electromechanical coupling in piezoceramic disks,” International Applied Mechanics, 11(4), 1975, pp. 377-382.
[39] Zhang S., Alberta E.F., Eitel R.E., Randall C.A. and Shrout T.R., “elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric characterization of modified BiScO3-PbTiO3 ceramics,” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 52(11), 2005, pp. 2131-2139.
[40] 林蕙君,「串聯陣列式壓電振動子能量擷取系統之分析研究」,國立台灣大學應用力學研究所碩士論文,2012年。
[41] 周宛婷,”電極設計方法應用於壓電陶瓷平板與雙晶片提升振動能量擷取系統效能研究”,國立台灣科技大學機械工程學系碩士論文,中華民國102年1月。