據了解，目前合成丙烯氧化物(PO)的製程是不具經濟和環境的效益。因此在許多的替代製程中，利用氧分子做為直接氣相反應丙烯環氧化光觸媒的氧化劑已開始被重視。在本研究中，製備單金屬氧化物觸媒( 釩或鈦 )和雙金屬氧化物觸媒( 鈦分別摻雜釩、鉬、錳、鋅和鋯 )擔載在中孔的MCM-41載體上。藉由ICP-MS、UV-vis、HR-XPS和XANES觀察金屬氧化物的特徵，而由BET、XRD和TEM分析中孔載體的特徵。
關於光照射的部分，本篇是第一個使用模擬太陽光來驅動光催化丙烯環氧化。利用NLU指數來定義PO的生成和C3H6的消耗速率。結果顯示，使用汞弧燈比氙氣燈有更好的光利用率，但由NLU指數顯示PO的選擇率幾乎沒有改變，表示在不同的光照條件下光環氧化具有相同的反應機制。
研究共進料物種(水或氫氣)對光環氧化的影響。從結果顯示，當水共進料條件在0.6 KPa時能夠促進C3H6的消耗速率，但無法提升PO的形成速率並且會稍微降低PO的選擇率。當水濃度的增加，過量的水會阻塞表面的活性位置導致反應活性降低。相同的，當氫氣共進料條件在5.6 KPa時能夠提升C3H6的消耗速率和改善C3H6的穩定性。此外，共進料存在能夠改善觸媒的穩定性，可能是乙醛在觸媒表面上堆積，導致表面被汙染發生失活的現象，可以藉由共進料來抑制。另一方面，共進料可以改變光觸媒反應的選擇率。
其中在光觸媒金屬氧化物中，釩和鈦氧化物表現出優異的光催化活性。此外，高分散釩/鈦氧化物的配位四面體扮演著光催化環氧化的角色。V0.2Ti0.3/MCM-41在0.3 mW cm−2 和 323 K的紫外光照射下，最佳的PO形成速率為634 ± 17 (µmol g−1 h−1)。基於Delplot方法提出間接和直接生成PO的兩個反應途徑，也清楚的說明，釩和鈦金屬氧化物在光催化環氧化途徑中的影響。此外，從釩和鈦金屬氧化物的活性位置在光催化環氧化機制中，可解釋光催化環氧化活性的協同效應。
雖然獲得大幅提升光催化的效率，但PO的產率還不及工廠生產訂單的要求，因此未來必須進一步開發有效的光催化系統來增加光催化環氧化反應。

It is known that the current processes to synthesize propylene oxide (PO) may not promote environmental and economic sustainability. Among many alternative processes, the direct gas-phase photocatalytic propylene epoxidation using molecular oxygen as the oxidant has received a considerable attention. In this study, a various single (V or Ti) and binary (Ti combined with V, Mo, Mn, Zn, and Zr, respectively) metal oxide catalysts constructed within the MCM-41 mesoporous framework were prepared. The metal oxide was characterized by ICP-MS, UV-vis, HR-XPS, XANES while mesoporous supported photocatalysts was characterized by BET, N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, and TEM analyses.
Regarding the light irradiation, this is a first report of using artificial sunlight to drive the photo-epoxidation of propylene. A normalized light utilization (NLU) index is defined which correlate well with the rate of both PO formation and C3H6 consumption in log-log scale. The results show that light utilization with a mercury arc lamp is better than that with a xenon lamp. The selectivity to PO remains practically unchanged with respect to NLU, suggesting that the photo-epoxidation occurs through the same mechanism under the conditions tested.
The effects of co-feed species on photo-epoxidation, namely, H2O or H2, are also examined. The results show that a promoting effect on the C3H6 consumption rate is found under 0.6 kPa H2O co-feed when the PO formation rate is not proportionally promoted, resulting a slightly decreased PO selectivity. With increasing H2O concentration, the reaction activity decreases because of surface site blocking by excess H2O. Similarly, the enhanced C3H6 consumption rate and the improved stability are found when 5.6 kPa H2 is used as co-feed. Additionally, the catalyst stability is improved with the presence of co-feed. The possible reason is that the acetaldehyde accumulation at the catalyst surface, which may lead to surface fouling and the observed deactivation, can be depressed by co-feed. On the other hand, co-feed may also impose a shift in the production formation of photocatalytic reaction.
Among metal oxide photocatalysts, V- and Ti-oxide show an excellent photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the highly V-/Ti-dispersed tetrahedral coordination plays a role in synergetic photo-epoxidation. Maximum PO formation rate was up to 634 ± 17 (µmol g−1 h−1) on V0.2Ti0.3/MCM-41 under UV light irradiation of 0.3 mW cm−2 at 323 K. Two reaction pathways to produce PO, direction and indirection, were proposed based on Delplot method. The impacts of the presence of V and Ti metal-oxides on the photo-epoxidation pathways are also clearly illustrated. Furthermore, a possible photo-epoxidation mechanism via V and Ti metal-oxide active site is proposed to elucidate the synergetic photo-activity of photo-epoxidation.
Although substantial improvement in photo-efficiency was obtained, the results remain far from the requirements for production PO in industrial scale. Therefore, further research in the development of new effective photocatalyst systems is necessary for enabling this photo-epoxidation in the future.

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