鋰離子電池已被大量使用在電能儲存的方案上，例如：3C電子產品、航空、電動車以及再生能源之儲能裝置。由於充電方法會影響鋰離子電池的效能及壽命，因此設計出高品質的充電器是必須的，一個高品質的充電器需要具備充電效率高，充電時間短且能延長電池循環壽命。
本文提出一種基於模型預測控制之電池充電演算法，此法主要目標為縮短充電時間同時降低電池在充電過程中的溫升，本文利用隨時更新之電池一階電阻電容電路模型來計算下一步之充電電流，並透過限制條件來改善鋰離子電池充電時的溫升。與傳統定電流定電壓充電法(Constant Current-Constant Voltage Charging,CC-CV)相比，本文充電法之充電時間比1.05C CC-CV改善0.13%，平均溫升改善5.2%，最高溫升改善22.3%，充電效率改善0.03%。

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play an important role in energy storage solutions for applications such as 3C electronics, aerospace, electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. For Li-ion batteries, designing a high-quality battery charger is essential since charging method has significant influences on the performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries. The objectives of a high-quality charger include higher charging efficiency, shorter charging time and prolonged cycle life.
In this thesis, a model predictive control based charging algorithm which simultaneously factoring in the charging time and the temperature rise during charging is proposed. In this study, the first-order RC (resistor-capacitor) model of lithium-ion battery is utilized to calculate the required charging current, and the temperature rise is taken into account by adding an inequality equation constraint. Comparing with 1.05C CC-CV method, the charging time, the average temperature,maximum temperature rise and the charging efficiency rise can be improved by 0.13% , 5.2 % , 22.3% and 0.03% , respectively.

[1] 羅一峰，「鋰離子電池多階段定電流充電技術之研究」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系博士論文，2010年7月。
[2] 柯俊偉，「智慧型電池模組之可程控充電機設計」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2012年7月。
[3] 鄭于珊，「Computational Intelligence in Smart Grid System：Application Cases of Particle Swarm Optimization in Renewable Energy System」，台灣科技大學電機工程博士論文，民國一零六年六月。
[4] 陳蓉賢，「以模糊控制為基礎之鋰離子電池模組充電技術開發」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2011年7月。
[5] 劉俊良，「以模糊田口為基礎之新型模糊五階段電池充電技術之研究」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系博士論文，2014年7月。
[6] 陳冠炷，「以剩餘容量與模糊溫度控制為基礎之鋰離子電池充電機設計與實現」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2014年7月。
[7] 連于瑄，「具CAN Bus通訊之鋰離子電池容量估測系統」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程碩士論文，2016年七月。
[8] 許富昱，「基於模型預測控制之新型鋰離子電池充電演算法」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2017年7月。
[9] 劉元凱，「以電池等效模型為基礎之五階段定電流充電法最佳充電電流值搜尋」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程學系碩士論文，2018年7月。
[10] J.W. Huang, Y.H. Liu, S.C. Wang, Z.Z. Yang, “Fuzzy-Control-Based Five-Step Lithium-Ion Battery Charger,” IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 2009.
[11] Y. H. Liu, C. H. Hsieh, and Y. F. Luo, “Search for an optimal rapid charging pattern for Li-ion batteries using consecutive orthogonal arrays,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 654–661, 20
[12] Y. H. Liu and Y. F. Luo, “Search for an optimal rapid charging pattern for Li-ion batteries using Taguchi approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3963–3971, Dec. 2010.
[13] Y. H. Liu, J. H. Teng, and Y. C. Lin, “Search for an optimal rapid charging pattern for Li-ion batteries using ant colony system algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1328–1336, Oct
[14] K. M. Tsang, W. L. Chan, “Current sensorless quick charger for lithiumion batteries,” Energy Conversion and Management 52, 2011, pp.1593-1595.
[15] P. H. L. Notten, J. H. G. Op het Veld, J. R. G. van Beek, “Boostcharging Li-ion batteries A challenging new charging concept”, Journal of power Source, vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 89-94, Feb 2005.
[16] L. R. Chen, “PLL-Based Battery Charge Circuit Topology,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 48, no. 3, June 2001.
[17] L. R. Chen, J. J. Chen, N. Y. Chu, and G. Y. Han, ”Current pumped battery charger,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2482- 2488, Jun 2008.
[18] L. R. Dung, and J. H. Yen, ” ILP-Based Algorithm for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging Profile,” IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), pp. 2286 – 2291 , July 2010.
[19] L. R. Chen, “A design of an optimal battery pulse charge system by frequency-varied technique”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 1, pp.398-405, Feb 2007.
[20] L. R. Chen, “A design of Duty-Varied Voltage Pulse Charger for Improving Lithium-Ion Battery-Charging Response”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 2, pp.480-487, Feb. 2009.
[21] B. K. Purushothama, P. W. Morrison, Jr., and U. Landau, “Reducing mass-transport limitations by application of special pulsed current modes”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society.
[22] B. K. Purushothama and U. Landau, “Rapid charging of Lithium-ion batteries using pulsed current”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 153, no. 3, pp. A533-A542, 2006.
[23] L. R. Chen, R. C. Hsu, and C. S. Liu, “A Design of A Grey-Predicted Lithium-Ion Battery Charge System,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 6, June 2004.
[24] 屠海令、吳伯榮、朱磊，「先進電池－電化學電源導論」，工業出版社冶金，2006年5月。
[25] 陳羿廷、陳玉惠，「高分子電解質在鋰二次電池上之應用研究現況」，中原大學化學研究所專題報導，民國九十三年第六十二卷第四期。
[26] 孫清華，「可充電電池技術大全」，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，2003年9月。
[27] P.E. De Jongh, P.H.L. Notten, “Effect of Current Pulses on Lithium Intercalation Batteries,” Solid State Ionics 148, 2002, pp. 259-268.
[28] J. Li, E. Murphy, J. Winnick, P. A. Kohl, “The Effects of Pulse Charging on Cycling Characteristics of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Journal of Power Sources, 102 (2001), pp. 302-309
[29] Liuping,“Model Predictive Control System Design and Implementation Using MATLAB, ”2009
[30] B. Schweighofer, K. M. Raab, and G. Brasseur, “Modeling of high power automotive batteries by the use of an automated test system,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1087-1091, Aug. 2003.
[31] Z. M. Salameh, M. A. Casacca, andW. A. Lynch, “A mathematical model for lead-acid batteries,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 93-98, Mar. 1992.
[32] 劉峰其，「非線性鋰電池之充放電模型」，國立中央大學電機工程碩士論文，民國九十九年六月。
[33] 蕭子建、王智昱、儲昭偉，「LABVIEW進階篇」，高立圖書，民國八十九年五月
[34] 蕭子建、王智昱、儲昭偉，「虛擬儀控程式設計-LABVIEW7X」，高立圖書，民國九十三年三月
[35] 李國勇，「智慧預測控制及其MATLAB實現」，電子工業出版社，2010年。
[36] C. Zhang, K. Li, J. Deng, “Real-time estimation of battery internal temperature based on a simplified thermoelectric model,” Journal of Power Sources, 302 (2016), pp. 146-154
[37] K. Liu, K. Li, Z. Yang, C. Zhang, J. Deng, “An advanced Lithium-ion battery optimal charging strategy based on a coupled thermoelectric model,” ElectrochimicaActa, 225(2017), pp. 330-344
[38] K. Liu, K. Li, C. Zhang, “Constrained generalized predictive control of battery charging processbased on a coupled thermoelectric model,” Journal of Power Sources, 347 (2017), pp. 145-158
[39] J. Yan, G. Xu, H. Qian, T. Xu, Z. Song, “Model predictive control-based fast charging for vehicular batteries,” Energies 2011,4,1178-1196