本論文主要探討壓電陶瓷雙晶片於雙邊固定的邊界條件下，逆壓電效應和正壓電效應之振動特性，並且以多種不同的實驗技術搭配有限元素法的數值計算結果相互驗證不同極化方向堆疊及電極連接模式，產生不同的三維振動耦合特性及其激發電能的效果。本研究採用動態量測的實驗技術包含全域式的電子斑點干涉術（Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry）可同時針對壓電材料的面內與面外次微米振動的模態振形與共振頻率進行即時量測，並記錄激振電壓可評估三維振動效率；單點式面外量測的雷射都卜勒振動儀（Laser Doppler Vibrometer）能進行面外振動穩態掃頻位移量測，然而因為電子斑點干涉術僅能量測次微米振動位移故本研究整合雷射都卜勒振動儀自行開發的陣列式自動化量測模組，進行奈米至厘米範圍之面外振動多點振動位移量測程式化模組化可產生全域振形分佈；另有量測電性共振特性的阻抗分析儀（Impedance Analyzer）可藉由量測壓電材料的電性阻抗獲得物體面內橫向伸展模態之共振頻率，並將實驗量測的結果與有限元素法（Finite Element Method，FEM）進行比較，FEM使用商用有限元素分析軟體ABAQUS輸入壓電材料的尺寸與材料常數進行共振頻率、振動模態的數值計算分析。本研究成果呈現壓電材料的三維動態特性於實驗量測與數值計算有相當的一致性，並且能利用有限元素法的頻率分析與穩態分析方法來預測不同極化方向堆疊及電極連接模式下，壓電材料在最佳機電耦合模式的振動頻率及其振形來設計壓電能量擷取系統之振動單元，本研究亦開發應用有限元素法套裝軟體之最佳化分析方法，可計算生活中不同頻率振動源最佳發電效率之壓電材料尺寸設計。本論文成果在學術研究領域或工業界的實際應用皆有所貢獻，提供了壓電材料完整的振動資訊並可應用於能量擷取系統的振動特性評估。

The energy harvesting systems of piezoelectric material are investigated in this project. The piezoceramic bimorphs are used to perform the vibration characteristics by experimental measurements and finite element method (FEM). The dynamic characteristics and the electromechanical coupling efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvesting system are studied by electrical connections and different polarizations using on four kinds of piezceramic bimorphs. Several experimental techniques are used to measure the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric materials. First, the full-filed optical technique, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI), can measure simultaneously the resonant frequencies and mode shapes for out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations. Second, the pointwise measurement system, laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), can obtain resonant frequencies by dynamic signal swept-sine analysis. We build the LDV system as the array measurement in mechatronics and reconstructed the mode shape in comparison with AF-ESPI measurements. Third, the correspondent in-plane resonant frequencies and anti-resonant frequencies are obtained by impedance analysis. The experimental results of vibration characteristics are verified with FEM calculations. After the dynamic characteristics of piezceramic bimorphs on two-end clamped boundary conditions are analyzed in converse piezoelectric effect, the piezceramic bimorphs were excited by shaker to measure their resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The electric voltages generated using shaker push-pull piezoelectric energy harvesters were determined at the same time. In conclusion, the best designs in output electric voltage were proposed to the different polarizations of piezceramic bimorphs in different connections. The vibration characteristics of piezoelectric materials have excellent consistence determined by experimental measurements and FEM in direct and converse piezoelectric effects.

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