可持續能源存儲和收集技術不斷發展，其中之一是鋰電池。鋰電池仍然存在一些限制，例如不穩定的固體電解質界面（SEI）層導致鋰樹枝的形成，從而限制了它們的應用。這是由鋰離子傳輸低和離子通量分佈不均勻引起的。除此之外，它的快速發展還產生了含有無機鹽的有機廢物，這些廢物還包含大量能量，可以利用奈米流體裝置和滲透能量收集技術來收集。滲透能量因其作為一種清潔和可持續技術的潛力而引起了重大關注。電鰻中存在的離子通道有效地產生電能，並啟發了滲透能量的研究，該研究利用離子選擇性膜存儲在濃度梯度中的化學勢。盡管存在這種潛力，滲透能量的研究和發展仍然尚未成熟。在本報告中，我們提出了一種通過設計非對稱離子二極管膜來優化滲透能量提取的策略。該論文將涵蓋膜的兩個主要部分：第一部分涉及工程金屬有機骨架（MOF）基離子二極管膜（IDM），該膜由薄的HKUST-1 MOF層和分支的氧化鋁納米通道膜（BANM）組成；第二部分是MIL-53-NH2 MOF嵌入的BANM。在第一部分中，HKUST-1 MOF充當離子選擇層，而BANM則充當離子傳導層。結果表明，開發的膜具有連續、大面積、次納米結構、無孔、高幾何梯度的膜結構，因此膜可以用作滲透能量收集器。這種異質膜展現出強烈的離子二極管效應，在LiCl-甲醇溶液中能夠實現放大和單向離子傳輸行為。討論了諸如膜結構和溶劑等對發電的幾個關鍵因素的影響。我們展示，當將0.5 M LiCl-甲醇溶液與純甲醇溶劑混合時，IDM可以產生10.1 W/m2的高滲透功率密度，並且在2 M LiCl-甲醇的高餵養濃度下，可以提高到前所未有的約30.2 W/m2。在第二部分中，亞納米級MIL-53-NH2 MOF的填充顯著增強了BANM的整流能力，表明其在水溶液中提高滲透能量收集性能的潛力。實驗結果顯示，開發的膜能夠在海水/河水配對下生成5.75 W/m2的高功率密度。這項研究為利用基於金屬有機骨架和納流體裝置的膜的破壞性結構優化滲透能量收集開辟了一條新途徑。

Sustainable energy storage and harvesting technology continue to develop, one of which is the lithium-ion battery. Lithium ion batteries still have limitations, such as the unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer which causes the lithium dendrites formation, thus limiting their applications. This is caused by low lithium ion transport and uneven ion flux distribution. Apart from that, its rapid development also produces organic waste containing inorganic salts which also contain large amounts of energy and can be harvested with nanofluidic devices, osmotic energy harvesting technology. Osmotic energy has garnered significant attention for its potential as a clean and sustainable technology. Ion channels present in electric eels, which effectively generate electrical energy, have inspired the osmotic energy harnesses chemical potential stored in concentration gradients using ion-selective membranes. Despite this potential, research and development in osmotic energy have yet to mature. In this report, we propose a strategy to optimize osmotic energy extraction by designing asymmetric ionic diode membranes. This thesis will cover two main parts of membranes: the first involves engineering a metal-organic framework (MOF)-based ionic diode membrane (IDM), which is composed of a thin HKUST-1 MOF layer and a branched alumina nanochannel membrane (BANM), and the second is the MIL-53-NH2 MOF embedded BANM. In the first part, the HKUST-1 MOF acts as an ion selective layer and the BANM functions as an ion conduction layer. The results demonstrate that the developed membrane possesses a continuous, large-area, subnanoscale structure, pinhole-free, and high geometry gradient membrane structure, so that membrane can be utilized as an osmotic energy harvester. This heterogeneous membrane shows a strong ionic-diode effect, capable of achieving an amplified and unidirectional ion transport behavior in LiCl-methanol solution. The effect of several key factors on the power generation, such as membrane structure and solvent, are discussed. We demonstrate that the IDM can produce a high-osmotic power density of 10.1 W/m2 when mixing 0.5 M LiCl-methanol solution with pure methanol solvent and can be promoted to an unprecedented value of ~30.2 W/m2 under highly feed concentration of 2 M LiCl-methanol. In the second part, the filling of subnanoscale MIL-53-NH2 MOF significantly enhances rectification ability of the BANM, showing its potential of enhancing osmotic energy harvesting performance in aqueous solutions. Experimental results show that the developed membrane is capable of generating a high-power density of ~5.75 W/m2 under an artificial seawater/river water pair. This research provides a new pave way into the utilization of metal-organic frameworks and nanofluidic devices-based membrane with broken symmetry structure for optimizing osmotic energy harvesting.

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