本研究旨在運用資源保存理論的觀點，探討員工投機心理、和諧人際關係、印象管理如何影響報喜不報憂行為，以及自利動機是否會調節投機心理、和諧人際關係、印象管理對員工報喜不報憂行為間的關係。本研究採問卷調查法，以服務業正職員工為研究對象，共蒐集了 396 份有效問卷。階層迴歸的分析結果顯示，投機心理、和諧人際關係與印象管理皆對員工報喜不報憂行為有正向的關聯性，即員工投機心理程度、追求和諧人際關係程度、印象管理程度若越高，也越容易產生報喜不報憂行為，此外，自利動機會強化投機心理、和諧人際關係、印象管理三者與員工報喜不報憂行為之間的正向關係。最後，依據實證結果，本研究提出管理理論上之解釋及實務上之建議。

Based on the view of conservation of resource theory, this study attempted to investigate how employee’s speculative psychology, harmonious interpersonal relationship and impression management influence employee behavior about say nothing but good news. This study also examined the moderating effect of self-interest motivation on the relationship between speculative psychology, harmonious interpersonal relationship and impression management. Using questionnaire survey, we collected 396 full-time employee’s questionnaires from service industry. Result of hierarchical regression showed that speculative psychology, harmonious interpersonal relationship and impression management are all positive related to employee behavior about say nothing but good news. Also, self-interest motivation moderated the relationship between speculative psychology, harmonious interpersonal relationship, impression management and employee behavior about say nothing but good news. Finally, based in the empirical results, some management implications and suggestions are proposed.

司徒達賢、熊欣華 (2004)。投機行為分析：價值差距、資訊差距與潛在懲罰力之影響。中山管理評論，12，675-707。
林素吟、丁學勤、李東穎 (2010)。購買者與供應商關係中伙伴投機主義的決定因素。管理實務與理論研究，4，133-153。
林鉦棽 (2007)。跨層次觀點下印象管理動機與主管導向之組織公民行為的關係：社會互動與組織政治氣候的調節角色。管理學報，24，93-111。
林鉦棽、陳心怡 (2006)。組織公正對動機與信任及組織公民行為之影響。亞太經濟管理評論，9，2006。
段錦雲、孫維維、田曉明 (2010)。組織沉默現象：概念、形成機制及影響。華東經濟管理，24，154-156。
洪名勇 (2012)。利他行為及內在機制。貴州大學學報，30，90-96。
洪贊凱、曾鈺雯 (2012)。從印象管理觀點探討組織個體政治技巧與建言行為之關係。人力資源管理學報，12，1-23。
徐飛 (2009)。管理學中機會主義的界定和辨析。現代管理科學，10，67-69。
張淑卿 (2015)。員工報喜不報憂行為的概念發展與量表建構。國立台灣科技大學企業管理學系，博士論文，台北。
陳儀蓉 (2007)。逢迎動機、上下司交換關係與員工展現組織公民行為之對象的關聯性。管理評論，26，1-25。
彭泗清 (1993)。中國人做人的概念分析。本土心理學研究，2，1993。
彭泗清、楊中芳 (1999)。人際交往關係發展過程的訪談研究。本土心理學研究，12，291-312。
游佳甄 (2014)。員工建言行為回顧性研究。科技與人力教育季刊，1(2)，20-32。
焦凌佳、彭紀生、吳紅梅 (2013)。自利動機與他利動機對員工建言行為的影響機制研究。科技管理研究，24，148-155。
費孝通 (1948)。鄉土中國與鄉土重建。上海：觀察社。
黃光國 (1988)。中國人的權力遊戲。台北：巨流圖書公司。
葉光輝 (2004)。現代華人家人的互動關係及其心理歷程。本土心理學研究，22，81-119。
鄭伯壎 (1999)。華人人際關係研究的困境與出路。本土心理學研究，12，203-214
羅健 (2006)。自利行為新探。雲南社會科學，6，35-37。
Achrol, R. S. and G. T. Gundlach, 1999. Legal and Social Safeguards Against Opportunism in Exchange, Journal of Retailing, 75(1), 107-124.
Altman, I., & Taylor, D. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. NewYork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Argote, L., & Ingram, P. (2000). Knowledge transfer: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 82, pp. 150–169.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D.(1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action approach. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley
Arkin, R. M., (1981). Self-presentational styles. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Impression management theory and social psychological research (pp. 311-333). New York: Academic Press.
Barbuto, J. E. J. (2005). Motivation and transactional, charismatic, and transformational leadership: A test of antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 26-40.
Barsness, Z. I., Diekmann, K. A., & Seidel, M. L. (2005), "Motivation and opportunity: The role of remote work, demographic dissimilarity, and social network centrality in impression management, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 401–419
Baumeister , R F (1982). A self- presentation view of social phenomena. Psychological Bulletin , 91: 2- 36.
Bolino, M. C., 1999. Citizenship and Impression management: Good Soldiers or Good Actors.Academy of Management Review, 24, 82-98.
Burris, E. R., Detert, J. R., & Chiaburu, D. S.(2008). Quitting before leaving: The mediating effects of psychological attachment and detachment on voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 93, pp. 912-922.
Cropanzano, R., Howes, J. C., & Grandey, A. A.( 1997). The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 18, pp. 159-180.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Nauta, A. (2009). Self-interest and other-orientation in organizational behavior: Implications for job performance, prosocial behavior, and personal initiative. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 913-926.
DeNisi, A. S., Cafferty, T. P., and Meglino, B. M., 1984. A Cognitive View of the Performance Appraisal Process:A Model and Research Propositions. Organization Behavior and Human Performance, 33, 360-396.
Dyne, L. V., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 108-119.
Eisner, J. A., & Kulkarni, S. R. (2001). Detecting outer planets in edge-on orbits: combining radial velocity and astrometric techniques. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 33(2), 62-71.
Erdogan, B., & Liden, R. C. (2002). Social exchanges in the workplace: A review of recent developments and future research directions in leader-member exchange theory. In L. L. Neider, & C. A. Schriesheim (Eds.), Leadership, pp.65-114.
Feldman, D. C. & Klich, N. R. (1991). Impression management &career strategies. In R. A. Giacalone & P. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Applied impression management: How image-making affects managerial decisions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Fuller, J. B., Barnett, T., Hester, K., Relyea, C., & Frey, L. (2007). An exploratory examination of voice behavior from an impression management perspective. Journal of Managerial Issues, Vol. 19, pp. 134-151.
Gassenheimer, J. B., D. B. Baucus, and M. S. Baucus, Cooperative Arrangements Among Entrepreneurs: An Analysis of Opportunism and Communication in Franchise Structures, Journal of Business Research, May 1996, Vol. 36, pp. 67- 79.
Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issue. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: pp.827-844.
Goffman, E. 1959., The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. The Overlook Press, Woodstock, NY
Harris, K. J., Kacmar, K.M., Zivnuska, S., & Shaw, J. D. (2007). The impact of political skill on impression management effectiveness. Journal of applied psychology, Vol.92, No 1, pp. 278-285.
Hobfoll, G. H. & Shirom, A.(2001). Conservation of resources theory: applications to stress and management in the workplace. In R. T. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of Organizational Behavior (pp. 57-80). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, Vol. 44, No.3, pp. 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002). Social and psychological resources and adaptation. Review of General Psychology, Vol.6, No. 4, pp. 307-324.
Jones, E. E. and Pittman, T. S., (1982). Toward a Theory of Strategic Self-presentation. In J. Suis (Ed.), Psychological Perspectives on the Self (pp. 231-262).Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaurn
Joshi, A. W. and R. L. Stump, Supplier Opportunism: Antecedents and Consequences in Buyer-Supplier Relationships, In C. Droge and R. Calantone (Eds.), 1996 AMA Summer Educators’ Conference Proceedings, Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1996, pp.129-135.
Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structure and process. Mahwah, NJ.: Erlbaum.
Kirmani A. and A. R. Rao, 2000. No Pain, No Gain: A Critical Review of the Literature on Signaling Unobservable Product Quality, Journal of Marketing, 64(2), 66-79.
Landry, S., Trudel, Y., & Diorio, M. O. (1998). Just-in-time supply: Cooperation, competition, and abuse. Competitiveness Review, 8(1), 37-45.
Leary M. R. and Kowalski, R. M., (1990). Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model. Psychological Bulletin, 107,34-47.
LePine, J. A. & Van Dyne, L. (1998). Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, pp. 853-868.
Levinger, G., & J. D. Snoek, (1972), Attraction and relationship: A new look at interpersonal attraction. Morristown, JJ: General Learning Press.
Lonsdale, C., 2001. Locked-In to Supplier Dominance: On the Dangers of Asset Specificity for the Outsourcing Decision, Journal of Supply Chain Management,37(2), 22-27.
Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (1988). Individual and situational correlates of whistle-blowing. Personal Psychology, 41(2), 267-282.
Miller, N. D (1999). Consumer misbehavior : why people buy illicit goods. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(3): 273-287
Morgan, R. M. and S. D. Hunt, (1994), The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 20-38.
Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals. Vol. 5, pp. 373-412.
Morrison, E.W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, Volume 5, Issue 1, 373-412.
Nemeth, C. (1997). Managing innovation: When less is more. California Management Review, Vol. 40, pp. 59–74.
Penner, L. A., Midili, A. R., and Kegelmeyer, J., (1997). Beyond Job Attitudes: A Personality and Social Psychology Perspective on the Causes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Human Performance, 10, 111-132.
Pinder, G. G，Harlos, H. P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management
Rioux, S. M., & Penner, L. A. (2001). The causes of organizational behavior: A motivational analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6, 1306-1314.
Rokkan, A. I., J. B. Heide, and K. H. Wathne, (2003). Specific Investments in Marketing Relationships: Expropriation and Bonding Effects, Journal of Marketing Research, 40(May), 210-224.
Salancik, G. R. and Pfeffer, J., (1978). A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23, 224-253.
Schlenker, B. R., & Weigold, M. E. (1989). Goals and the self-identification process: Constructing desired identities. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stamper, C.L. and L. Van Dyne (2001), “Work Status and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Field Study of Restaurant Employees.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, No.5, pp.517-536.
Tedeschi, J. T. and Melburg, V., (1984). Impression Management and Influence in the Organization. Research in Sociology of Organizations, 3, 31-58.
Tetlock, P.E. (1985). “Accountability: The neglected social context of judgment and choice: toward a social contingency model”, In M. P. Zanna(ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, pp.331-377.
Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, Vol.40, No.6, pp.1359-1392.
Walumbwa, F. O., & Schaubroeck, J. (2009). Leader personality traits & employee voice behavior: Mediating roles of ethical leadership &work group psychological safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 94, pp. 1275-1286
Wayne, S. J. and Ferris, G. R., (1990). Influence Tactics, Affect, and Exchange Quality in Supervisor-Subordinate Interactions: A Laboratory Experiment and Field Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 487-499.
Whang, S. (1992). Contracting for software development. Management Science, 38(3), 307-324
Whiting, S. W., Maynes, T. D., Podsakoff, N. P. & Podsakoff, P. M. (2012). Effects of message, source, and context on evaluations of employee voice behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 159–182.
Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. Journal of Law and Economics, 22: 233-261.
Williamson, O. E. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms,Markets, Relational Contracting. New York: The Free Press.
Williamson, O. E. (1993). Opportunism and its critics. Managerial and Decision Economics, 14(2): 97-107
Woessner K. Hierarchy of interests:The role of self-interest, group-identity, and sociotropic politics in political attitudes and participation. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2001, 62(4-A): 1569