目前在戶外型高壓聚合礙子中，以矽橡膠礙子較受信賴，這是因為它的耐污染與抗老化性能優異，尤其是撥水性恢復特性，更優於其它材質的聚合礙子。本研究之目的，係探討矽橡膠礙子撥水性與局部放電之間的關聯性。
在老化實驗方面，選用三具配電系統用矽橡膠礙子為樣品，採用浸泡不同導電率（濃度）鹽水，再施加交流電壓。本文的老化實驗共有兩個階段，每個階段共做十次老化循環，這兩個階段主要的差別在浸泡鹽水時間與加壓條件，目的是要觀察不同老化條件對矽橡膠礙子撥水性變化的影響，以及矽橡膠礙子在老化過程中表面放電型態的差異。
對於撥水性的判定係參照IEC TS 62073的噴灑法實施。由實驗所得可知撥水性老化過程的表面放電與浸泡時間有關，和鹽水濃度關聯性較低。尤有要者，本文參考相關研究文獻，將矽橡膠礙子撥水性老化過程分成老化早期、老化轉變期與老化後期三個階段，並分別說明各個階段撥水性與局部放電變化之關聯性。最後，再以矽橡膠礙子表面電暈與乾帶電弧放電型態之特徵，驗證其與撥水性老化之關聯性。相信本文之結果對於運行中聚合礙子的線上檢測，應具參考價值。

At present, silicone rubber insulators are likely reliable for outdoors power system applications in the world due to their better pollution withstand performance and aging withstand capability, especially the hydrophobicity of recovery. The goal of this study is to investigate the correlation between hydrophobicity and partial discharge of silicone rubber insulators.
In the aging experiment, three samples of silicone rubber insulators were used. The aging process is to dip the samples in the salted water with different conductivity and then to stress them by A.C high-voltage. There are two stages of ten aging cycles each in this aging experiment. The time of dipping in salted water and the applied voltage magnitude are different for these two stages so as to observe the variation of hydrophobicity of silicone rubber insulators in terms of its discharge phenomenon during the aging process.
The determination of hydrophobicity is based on IEC TS 62073－the spray method. The experimental results show that hydrophobicity aging process is highly related to the surface discharge and the time of dipping rather than the conductivity of salted water. Above all, similar to the related literatures, the thesis divides the ageing into three stages, the early ageing period, the transition period and the late ageing period. And, the relationship between hydrophobicity and partial discharge in each stage is then illustrated. Finally, the characteristics of corona discharges and dry-band arcing discharges are studied to verify its relation to the ageing of hydrophobicity. The results of the study shall be of value to the subsequent researches for on-line detecting of polymeric insulators in service.

〔1〕 陳宜彬、吳豐盛、倪世標，「核三廠喪失廠內外交流電源事故調查報告」，民國九十年四月四日。
〔2〕 T. G. Gustavsson ,“Silicone Rubber Insulators－Impacts of Material Formulation in Coastal Environment”, Ph D thesis, Department of Electric Power Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, 2002.
〔3〕 T. Zhao and R. A. Bernstorf,“Ageing Tests of Polymeric Housing Materials for Non-Ceramic Insulators”, IEEE Insulation Magazine, Vol.14, No.2, March/April 1998, pp.26-33.
〔4〕 I. J. S. Lopes, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney,“A Method for Detecting the Transition from Corona from Water Droplets to Dry-Band Arcing on Silicone Rubber Insulators”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.9, No.6, pp.964-971, 2002.
〔5〕 I. J. S. Lopes, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney,“A Study of Partial Discharges from Water Droplets on a Silicone Rubber Insulating Surface”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.8, No.2, pp.262-268, 2001.
〔6〕 T. Tanaka,“Aging of Polymeric and Composite Insulating Materials Aspects of Interfacial Performance in Aging”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.9, No.5, pp.704-716, 2002.
〔7〕 H. Janssen, J. M. Seifert and H. C. Kärner,“Interfacial Phenomena in Composite High Voltage Insulation”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.651-659, 1999.
〔8〕 S. Kumagai and N. Yoshimura,“Evaluation of Leakage Current on Various Types of Polymeric Materials Used for HV Outdoor Insulation in Salt-fog Condition”, T. IEE Japan, Vol.120-A, No.11, pp.1051-1055, 2000.
〔9〕 R. Hackam,“Outdoor HV Composite Polymeric Insulators”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.557-585, 1999.
〔10〕 U. Kaltenborn, J. Kindersberger, R. Bärsch and H. Jahn,“On the Electrical Performance of Different Insulating Materials in a Rotating-Wheel-Dip-Test”, IEEE CEIDP 1997, paper 5A-10, Minneapolis, 1997.
〔11〕 H. Jahn, R. Bärsch, U. Kaltenborn and J. Kindersberger,“The Evaluation of the Early Ageing Period of Castings Made of Epoxy and PUR Resins”, IEEE CEIDP 1998, Annual Report, pp.698-701.
〔12〕 E. A. Cherney and R. S. Gorur,“RTV Silicone Rubber Coatings for Outdoor Insulators”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.605-611, 1999.
〔13〕 I. J. S. Lopes, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney,“Partial Discharge Patterns for Silicone Rubber Insulators Under Salt-Fog”, IEEE CEIDP 2001, Annual Report, pp.452-455.
〔14〕 B. N. Pinnangudi, R. S. Gorur and A. J. Kroese,“Energy Quantification of Corona Discharges on Polymer Insulators”, IEEE CEIDP 2002, Annual Report, pp.315-318.
〔15〕 蔡信行、楊靜儀、葉德惠、陳進隆，聚合物化學，台北，新文京開發，民國九十一年。
〔16〕 Kapal Sharma and R. E. T,“Polymeric Insulators”, ASET Web site, Canada, 2004.
〔17〕 S. Kumagai and N. Yoshimura,“Hydrophobic Transfer of RTV Silicone Rubber Aged in Single and Multiple Environmental Stresses and the Behavior of LMW Silicone Fluid”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.18, No.2, pp.506-516, 2003.
〔18〕 J. Mackevich and S. Simmons,“Polymer Outdoor Insulating Materials PartⅡ-Material Considerations”, IEEE Insulation Magazine, Vol.13, No.4, July/August 1997, pp.10-16.
〔19〕 S. Simmons, M. Shah, J. Mackevich and R. J. Chang,“Polymer Outdoor Insulating Materials PartⅢ-Silicone Elastomer Considerations”, IEEE Insulation Magazine, Vol.13, No.5, September/October 1997, pp.25-32.
〔20〕 A. H. El-Hag, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney,“Comparison between Silicone Rubber containing Micro- and Nano- Size Silica Fillers”, IEEE CEIDP 2004, Annual Report, pp.385-388.
〔21〕 S. Kumagai and N.Yoshimura,“Tracking and Erosion of HTV Silicone Rubber and Suppression Mechanism of ATH”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.8, No.2, pp.203-211, 2001.
〔22〕 IEC Publication,“Artificial Pollution Tests on High-Voltage Insulators to be Used on A.C. Systems”, IEC 507, 1991.
〔23〕 H. C. Hillborg,“Loss and Recovery of Hydrophobicity of Polydimethylsiloxane after Exposure to Electrical Discharges”, Ph D thesis, Department of Polymer Technology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden 2001.
〔24〕 V. M. Moreno, R. S. Gorur and A. J. Kroese,“Impact of Corona on the Long-Term Performance of Nonceramic Insulators”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.10, No.1, pp.80-95, 2003.
〔25〕 V. M. Moreno and R. S. Gorur,“Effect of Long-term Corona on Non-ceramic Outdoor Insulator Housing Materials”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.8, No.1, pp.117-128, 2001.
〔26〕 N. Yoshimura, S. Kumagai and S. Nishimura,“Electrical and Environmental Aging of Silicone Rubber Used in Outdoor Insulation”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.632-650, 1999.
〔27〕 L. H. Meyer, S. H. Jayaram and E. A. Cherney,“Correlation of Damage, Dry Band Arcing Energy, and Temperature in Inclined Plane Testing of Silicone Rubber for Outdoor Insulation”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.11, No.3, pp.424-432, 2004.
〔28〕 G. G. Karady, M. Shah and R. L. Brown,“Flashover Mechanism of Silicone Rubber Insulators Used for Outdoor Insulation-Ⅰ”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.10, No.4, pp.1965-1971, 1995.
〔29〕 M. Shah, G. G. Karady and R. L. Brown,“Flashover Mechanism of Silicone Rubber Insulators Used for Outdoor Insulation-Ⅱ”, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.10, No.4, pp.1972-1978, 1995.
〔30〕 李學思、周克瓊，「國外有機絕緣發展動向」，絕緣子避雷器文選，第21〜26頁，西安電瓷研究所，2000年5月.
〔31〕 J. L. Goudie, M. J. Owen and T. Orbeck,“A Review of Possible Degradation Mechanisms of Silicone Elastomers in High Voltage Insulation Applications”, IEEE CEIDP 1998, Annual Report, pp.120-127.
〔32〕 X. Wang, L. Chen and N. Yoshimura,“Relation of Hydrophobicity of Silicone Rubber Insulation Under Various Contamination Conditions”, Proc. of 6th ICPADM 2000, Xi'an, China, pp.383-386.
〔33〕 S. Wang, X. Liang, Z. Cheng, X. Wang and Z. Li, “Hydrophobicity Changing of Silicone Rubber Insulators in Service”, CIGRÉ, Session 2002, 15-305.
〔34〕 J. Kim, M. K. Chaudhury and M. J. Owen,“Hydrophobicity Loss and Recovery of Silicone HV Insulation”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.695-702, 1999.
〔35〕 J. P. Reynders, I. R. Jandrell and S. M. Reynders,“Review of Aging and Recovery of Silicone Rubber Insulation for Outdoor Use”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.6, No.5, pp.620-631, 1999.
〔36〕 X. Li, Y. Wang and F. Liu,“Study on Improving the Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Silicone Rubber”, Proc. of 6th ICPADM 2000, Xi'an, China, pp.342-345.
〔37〕 L. H. Meyer, E. A. Cherney and S. H. Jayaram,“The Role of Inorganic Fillers in Silicone Rubber for Outdoor Insulation－Alumina Tri-Hydrate or Silica”, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol.20, No.4, July/August 2004, pp.13-21.
〔38〕 Z. Tian, H. Kawasaki and M. Hikita,“Degradation Effects and Insulation Diagnosis of HV Polymeric Insulating Materials under Accelerated Aging Conditions”, Proc. of 1998 ISEIM and 1998 Asian ICDEI and 30th SEIM, Toyohashi Japan, pp.627-630.
〔39〕 R. Bärsch, J. Lambrecht and H. Jahn,“On the Evaluation of the Hydrophobicity of Composite Insulator Surfaces”, IEEE CEIDP 1996, Annual Report, pp.468-471.
〔40〕 IEC Publication,“High-Voltage Test Techniques-Partial Discharge Measurements”, IEC 60270, 2000.
〔41〕 E. Gulski,“Digital Analysis of Partial Discharges”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.2, No.5, pp.822-837, 1995.
〔42〕 C. S. Kim, T. Kondo and T. Mizutani,“Chang in PD Pattern with Aging”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.11, No.1, pp.13-18, 2004.
〔43〕 Tettex Instruments, TE 571 Partial Discharge Analyzer, Operating Instructions TE 571, Version 2.5.
〔44〕 STRI Guide：“〝Hydrophobicity Classification Guide”, Guide 1, 92/1, 1992.
〔45〕 R. Sundararajan, A. Mohammed, N. Chaipanit, T. Karcher and Z. Liu,“In-service Aging and Degradation of 345kV EPDM Transmission Line Insulators in a Coastal Environment”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.11, No.2, pp.348-361, 2004.
〔46〕 IEC Technical Specification,“Guidance on The Measurement of Wettability of Insulator Surfaces”, IEC TS 62073, 2003.
〔47〕 I. A. Diriantari and T. R. Blackburn,“Frequency Characteristics of PD Waveforms on Polluted Composite Insulator Surface”, Proc. of ISEIM 2001, pp.391-394.
〔48〕 M. Otsubo, T. Hashiguchi, C. Honda, O. Takenouchi, T. Sokoda and Y. Hashimoto,“Evaluation of Insulation Performance of Polymeric Surface using a Novel Separation Technique of Leakage Current”, IEEE Trans. on DEI, Vol.10, No.6, pp.1053-1060, 2003.
〔49〕 M. Otsubo, T. Hashiguchi, S. Yamashita, N. Anami, C. Honda, O. Takenouchi, K. Tsurugida, Y. Hashimoto and M. Nakamura.“Discharge and Emission Spectra on the Surface of Polymer Insulator Materials”, IEEE CEIDP 2001, Annual Report, pp.620-623.
〔50〕 IEC Publication,“Insulators for Overhead Lines－Composite Line Post Insulators for Alternative Current with a Nominal Voltage＞1000V”, IEC 61952, 2002.
〔51〕 H. Homma, T. Takahashi, T. Taniguchi and K. Izumi,“Study on Surface Degradation of Polymer Insulating Materials caused by Leakage Current”〞, IEEE CEIDP 1994, Annual Report, pp.373-378.
〔52〕 STRI Guide：“Guide for Visual Identification of Deterioration & Damages on Suspension Composite Insulators”, Guide 5, 2003
〔53〕 I. Lopes, S. Jayaram and E. Cherney,“Partial Discharge Measurement as a Diagnostic Tool of the Early Ageing of Silicone Rubber Insulation”, Power Engineering Society General Meeting 2003, IEEE Vol.1, 13-17, July 2003, pp.202-206.