在傳統學習時，為了養成閱讀習慣及提升學習效益，學習者常以紙筆的方式進行學習，並將所學知識或概念製作筆記，以利重點複習、預習及概念重點整理。然而，數位化時代來臨，傳統學習模式逐漸改變，是否能被電子書學習取而代之，有諸多因素必需考量，且對於科技接受度上也常因人而異，因此須加以進行研究探討。電子書應用方面，過去較常發生於正規教育體制及環境，非正規學習，如在職訓練、宗教訓練、自我成長等，卻鮮少有文獻探討。此外，科技產品使用族群方面，可分為數位移民及數位原生，對於產品操作及熟悉度的不同，可能影響電子書的學習效益與感受，也是電子書學習的重要研究議題。基於此，本研究發展出一套結合註記系統之宗教靈修學習電子書，並比較兩組不同年齡層的學習者，使用電子書註記系統進行靈修學習時，其靈修學習態度、使用滿意度、認知負荷、電子書使用狀況、認知有用性、認知易用性、使用態度、行為意圖之差異。
研究結果發現，年長組在使用滿意度、認知有用性平均分數顯著高於年青組，表示本研究所開發之靈修學習電子書註記系統，相較於數位原生族群，較少接觸科技產品的數位移民反而有較好的滿意度，同時也認同此電子書系統有助於靈
修學習，另外，年長組在使用電子書時喜觀看影片達顯著差異，在應用電子書學習時也需考量多媒體相關設計，未來研究建議可採取個案研究以深入了解不同年齡層的操作習慣，精進電子書學習系統。同時，也開發IOS版本系統，以利擴大服務使用族群的範圍。

In traditional learning, in order to develop reading habits and improve learning efficiency, learners often use pen and paper to study, and make notes on the knowledge or concepts they have learned to facilitate preview, key concept review, and important concept organization. However, with the advent of technology, the traditional learning mode is gradually changing. Whether it can be replaced by e-book learning, there are many factors that must be considered, and the acceptance of technology varies from person to person. In terms of e-book applications, it occurs more often in the formal education system and environment whereas for non-formal learning, such as on-the-job training, religious learning, and self-development, it is rarely discussed in the literature. In addition, the users of technology products can be divided into digital immigrants and digital natives. The differences in product utilization and familiarity may affect the learning effects and the perceptions of e-books, and are also important research topics for e-book learning. Based on this, the study here developed a specially designed e-book App for religious spiritual learning which includes an useful annotation system. Users from two groups of learners of different ages were compared on their attitudes towards spiritual learning, user satisfaction, cognitive load, e-book usage pattern, perceptions of usefulness and ease of use, user attitude, and behavioral intention after they have experienced with the App.
The results of the study found that the average scores of satisfaction and perception of usefulness for the elderly group were significantly higher than those of the young group, indicating that the spiritual learning e-book annotation system App developed by this research is more useful and satisfied for those usually less exposed to technology products than the digital natives. In addition, there is a significant difference in the usage pattern for the e-book App, whereas elderly group likes more to watch videos instead of reading the texts. Therefore, it is suggested that multimedia-related design should also be considered when developing an e-book App. Finally, suggestions for the future researches are also included such as exploring the utilization habits of different age groups in more details and improving the e-book App by offering the iOS version to help expand the service for different mobile phone system users.

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