古日本所發展的「機關人偶(からくり人形)」，可被定義為「藉由機構設計，將輸入動力轉化為特定表演動作的自動機。」自日本8世紀至19世紀的發展，此種機關人偶可以表演翻跟斗、或是模仿侍童為賓客奉茶的動作。其中，18世紀的文獻《機巧圖彙》紀錄了細川賴直所設計的9種機關人偶，並有插圖解釋其中的零部件。然而，書中仍有部分的機構構造並不明確，也沒有實體留存。
本研究提出一套系統化的復原設計方法，針對文獻中紀錄的9種機關人偶，進行分類、機構分析以及復原合成。將機關人偶的構造拆解為動力源、傳動機構、調速系統及表演機構等四個子系統，根據書中機關人偶之圖片與文字記載，將其進行復原設計，並對文獻中的內容進行勘誤，對構造清楚的6個機關人偶進行機構分析，繪製機構簡圖；對構造不明的3個裝置以古機械復原設計法訂定設計規格、需求以及限制，找出一般化鏈圖譜，對其特殊化，以重塑出符合當代機械工藝的可行設計。本研究針對「龍門瀧」中的凸輪機構和龍跳出機構分別得出8種和2種可行機構；對「鬪鷄」的鬥雞踢擊機構得出3種可行機構；對「魚釣人形」的針脫落機構得出3種可行機構。最後以「龍門瀧」以及「魚釣人形」為例，藉由3D模型之模擬、以及實體原型機之測試，以進一步評估復原設計之合理性。本研究所提出之復原設計程序，亦可應用於其餘具有類似特徵之機關人偶。

The “Karakuri puppet (からくり人形)” was developed in Japan from the
8th century to the 19th century. It is an automaton device that transforms the power source to the specific performance actions with its mechanism design, such as somersaults or tea-serving. There are 13 ingenious automata designed by Hosokawa Yoshizawa recorded in the literature “Karakuri Zui (機巧図彙)” with
illustrations of components and assembly in the 18th century. However, some of the mechanism structures are not clear, and the devices are not preserved nowadays. This work proposes a systematic methodology to reconstruct the mechanism of Karakuri puppets with classification, analysis, and synthesis. The Karakuri puppets are classified into four subsystems, namely power source, transmission mechanism, speed control mechanism, and performance mechanism. According to the literature, the mechanisms with a clear structure are analyzed and presented through modern mechanism sketches. Moreover, the unknown mechanisms are reconstructed through the methodology, with the concepts of generalization, specialization, and particularization. And, the feasible mechanisms are simulated with computer-aid 3D models. And, three devices “Longmen falls, Cocks fighting and Fishing doll” are reconstructed as reconstruction manufacture examples. As a result, 8 reconstruction designs of Longmen falls cam mechanism, 2 designs of Longmen falls dragon jumping mechanism, 3 designs of Cocks fighting cocks kick mechanism and 3 designs of Fishing doll needle dropping mechanism are generated. Finally, one of the feasible mechanisms for Longmen falls and Fishing are selected for reconstruction manufacture by 3D vitural model and solid prototype. The systematic methodology in this work can be applied to other automata with similar characteristics.

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