推動工業4.0人才培育是各國所重視的課題，而技職教育是培養工業4.0相關產業人才重要搖籃。本研究旨在為技職教育體系制定因應工業4.0趨勢的人才發展策略。本研究以臺灣為研究案例，透過收集來自學術文獻和政府出版品次級資料，了解臺灣技職教育的優勢、劣勢、機會與威脅，並採用 SWOT分析，審視內在優勢環境，包括：技職教育體系完整、學生入學管道多元、教學及研究創新與產出良好、產業群聚發展完整等。內在劣勢環境，包括：教育部整體人才培育政策未落實整合、技職教育培育內容與方式未依產業需求/政府推動國家重點創新產業改變、教學設備老舊、技專校院師資實務能力不足、辦學成本高低導致系科設置傾斜、社會重視學歷文憑及輕忽實務等。外在機會環境，包括：產業結構迅速變遷，朝向工業4.0轉型，急需技職體系支援所需人才、產業國際化及生產在地化發展等。外在威脅環境，包括：少子女化現象致勞動力短少、國際人才競爭及國內人才外流等。據此SWOT分析，提出工業4.0背景下人才培育的系統化策略，包括技職教育因應工業4.0之短期與長期策略，共計13項。本研究結果可作為技職校院、產業界和政府部門的參考，以促進工業 4.0 人才的發展。

While promoting the cultivation of industry 4.0 talents is an important concern for all countries, technical and vocational education is an important cradle for training talents needed by industry. This study adopted secondary data from literature, mate-rials on the development of Taiwan’s technical and vocational education policies, the proposals of the Legislative Yuan of Taiwan and the data on technical and vocational education from the related forum, to understand the opportunities and challenges on technical and vocational education in facing industry 4.0 trend. This study used SWOT analysis to examine four aspects. First, the internal advantageous environ-ment, including a complete technical and vocational education system, diversified entrance channels for students, good innovation and output from teaching and re-search, and complete development of industrial clusters. Second, the internal disad-vantageous environment includes an overall talent training policy of the Ministry of Education which has not been implemented and integrated, the failure to change the content and method of technical and vocational education according to the industrial demand/government’s promotion of national key innovative industries (students of technical and vocational system failed to upgrade their skills in time), old teaching equipment, insufficient practical ability of teachers in technical and vocational col-leges, inclination in setting departments and subjects due to high or low cost, at-taching importance to diplomas, and neglecting practice in society. Third, the exter-nal opportunity environment includes rapid change of industrial structure, transfor-mation toward Industry 4.0, need for talents that support the technical and vocational system, development of industrial internationalization, and localization of produc-tion. Last, the external threat environment includes shortage of labor force caused by less children, competition for international talents, and domestic brain drain. Based on the cross-comparison analysis in the present study, 7 short-term strategies and 6 long-term strategies of higher vocational education for promoting industry 4.0, are proposed, which can be a reference for administrators responsible for education, technical, and vocational colleges, industry, and government departments to facili-tate industry 4.0 development in nation.

一、中文部分
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