近年來，硫化銅鋅錫奈米晶體備受期待，因為其具有低成本、毒性較低、地殼蘊藏量高、吸收係數高(>104 cm-1)等特性。因此，可廣泛用於太陽光能的吸收並加以運用。且其能隙值約為1.3~1.8 eV，適合用於薄膜太陽能電池吸收層之使用。在本研究，主要使用注入法以醋酸銅、含水氯化錫與碘化鋅及硫粉為反應前驅物，溶在油胺中並在高溫下反應預合成硫化銅鋅錫奈米晶體。隨後，將硫化銅鋅錫奈米晶體與己硫醇配製成漿料，進行薄膜塗佈的探討。在此，比較不同的塗佈方法對於硫化銅鋅錫薄膜成膜之性質比較。同時，藉由改變不同硒化反應溫度、升溫時間及持溫時間，探討薄膜之成膜性及薄膜性質分析，並以場發式電子顯微鏡觀察薄膜成膜性，以及拉曼光譜與XRD光譜分析薄膜轉相及晶粒成長。

Recently, copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS) has attracted great attention as a material of earth-abundant, non-toxicity, and with novel absorption coefficient (>10-4 cm-1) to become a promising solid-state photovoltaic device material. CZTS is suitable light-harvesting materials for thin film solar cell because of band gap is about 1.3-1.8eV. In this study, CZTS nanocrystals are synthesized by injection method using copper (II) acetate, zinc iodide, tin(IV) chloride tetrahydrate, elemental sulfur as precursors in the presence of oleylamine at high reaction temperature. CZTS nanocrystals with hexanethiol formulated as ink to coat on the Mo-coated glass substrate. The CZTS thin films were coated with different coating methods for comparison. To investigate the nature of the film and analysis the film properties by changing the selenization reaction time, heating time and maintain time.The thin film morphology is observed by high resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope. By Raman and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis to demonstrate the phase transition and grain growth.

1. P. Jackson, D. Hariskos, E. Lotter, S. Paetel, R. Wuerz, R. Menner, W. Wischmann, and M. Powalla, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 19, 894 (2011)
2. W. Wang, M. T. Winkler, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, T. K. Todorov, Y. Zhu, and D. B. Mitzi, Advanced Energy Materials, 4 (2014)
3. D. Chapin, C. Fuller, and G. Pearson, Journal of Applied Physics, 25, 676 (1954)
4. J. Zhao, A. Wang, M. A. Green, and F. Ferrazza, Applied Physics Letters, 73, 1991 (1998)
5. B. O'Regan and M. Gratzel, Nature, 353, 737 (1991)
6. NREL, http://www.nrel.gov/,
7. O. Schultz, S. W. Glunz, and G. P. Willeke, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 12, 553 (2004)
8. G. Papadopoulos, L. Boivin, and N. G. Tarr, Canadian Journal of Physics, 69, 479 (1991)
9. B. Yan, G. Yue, X. Xu, J. Yang, and S. Guha, Physica Status Solidi (a), 207, 671 (2010)
10. J. J. Scragg, P. J. Dale, L. M. Peter, G. Zoppi, and I. Forbes, Physica Status Solidi (b), 245, 1772 (2008)
11. A. Khare, A. W. Wills, L. M. Ammerman, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, Chemical Communications, 47, 11721 (2011)
12. C. Steinhagen, M. G. Panthani, V. Akhavan, B. Goodfellow, B. Koo, and B. A. Korgel, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 12554 (2009)
13. C. Zou, L. Zhang, D. Lin, Y. Yang, Q. Li, X. Xu, X. a. Chen, and S. Huang, CrystEngComm, 13, 3310 (2011)
14. F.-J. Fan, Y.-X. Wang, X.-J. Liu, L. Wu, and S.-H. Yu, Advanced Materials, 24, 6158 (2012)
15. H. Wei, Z. Ye, M. Li, Y. Su, Z. Yang, and Y. Zhang, CrystEngComm, 13, 2222 (2011)
16. 周庭帆, 國立台灣科技大學, Synthesis of Quinary Cu2ZnSn(Sx, Se1-x)4 (CZTSSe) Nanocrystals with Band Structure (2013)
17. J. P. Leitao, N. M. Santos, P. A. Fernandes, P. M. P. Salome, A. F. da Cunha, J. C. Gonzalez, and F. M. Matinaga, Thin Solid Films, 519, 7390 (2011)
18. P. M. P. Salome, P. A. Fernandes, A. F. da Cunha, J. P. Leitao, J. Malaquias, A. Weber, J. C. Gonzalez, and M. I. N. da Silva, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 94, 2176 (2010)
19. G. Zoppi, I. Forbes, R. W. Miles, P. J. Dale, J. J. Scragg, and L. M. Peter, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 17, 315 (2009)
20. J.-S. Seol, S.-Y. Lee, J.-C. Lee, H.-D. Nam, and K.-H. Kim, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 75, 155 (2003)
21. R. Adhi Wibowo, E. Soo Lee, B. Munir, and K. Ho Kim, Physica Status Solidi (a), 204, 3373 (2007)
22. K. Moriya, K. Tanaka, and H. Uchiki, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 46, 5780 (2007)
23. T. Kobayashi, K. Jimbo, K. Tsuchida, S. Shinoda, T. Oyanagi, and H. Katagiri, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44, 783 (2005)
24. S. M. Pawar, B. S. Pawar, K. V. Gurav, D. W. Bae, S. H. Kwon, S. S. Kolekar, and J. H. Kim, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 51, 10NC27 (2012)
25. I. Repins, C. Beall, N. Vora, C. DeHart, D. Kuciauskas, P. Dippo, B. To, J. Mann, W.-C. Hsu, A. Goodrich, and R. Noufi, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 101, 154 (2012)
26. K. Wang, O. Gunawan, T. Todorov, B. Shin, S. Chey, N. Bojarczuk, D. Mitzi, and S. Guha, Applied Physics Letters, 97, 143508 (2010)
27. S. Bag, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, Y. Zhu, T. K. Todorov, and D. B. Mitzi, Energy & Environmental Science, 5, 7060 (2012)
28. T. K. Todorov, J. Tang, S. Bag, O. Gunawan, T. Gokmen, Y. Zhu, and D. B. Mitzi, Advanced Energy Materials, 3, 34 (2013)
29. M. T. Winkler, W. Wang, O. Gunawan, H. J. Hovel, T. K. Todorov, and D. B. Mitzi, Energy & Environmental Science, 7, 1029 (2014)
30. Q. Guo, G. M. Ford, W.-C. Yang, B. C. Walker, E. A. Stach, H. W. Hillhouse, and R. Agrawal, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 17384 (2010)
31. C. K. Miskin, W.-C. Yang, C. J. Hages, N. J. Carter, C. S. Joglekar, E. A. Stach, and R. Agrawal, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, n/a (2014)
32. Q. Guo, G. M. Ford, W.-C. Yang, C. J. Hages, H. W. Hillhouse, and R. Agrawal, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 105, 132 (2012)
33. K. Woo, Y. Kim, and J. Moon, Energy & Environmental Science, 5, 5340 (2012)
34. S. K. Saha, A. Guchhait, and A. J. Pal, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14, 8090 (2012)
35. A. Carrete, A. Shavel, X. Fontane, J. Montserrat, J. Fan, M. Ibanez, E. Saucedo, A. Perez-Rodriguez, and A. Cabot, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135, 15982 (2013)
36. H. Katagiri, K. Jimbo, W. S. Maw, K. Oishi, M. Yamazaki, H. Araki, and A. Takeuchi, Thin Solid Films, 517, 2455 (2009)
37. Y. Cao, M. S. Denny Jr, J. V. Caspar, W. E. Farneth, Q. Guo, A. S. Ionkin, L. K. Johnson, M. Lu, I. Malajovich, and D. Radu, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134, 15644 (2012)
38. G. Wang, W. Zhao, Y. Cui, Q. Tian, S. Gao, L. Huang, and D. Pan, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5, 10042 (2013)
39. Y. Sun, Y. Zhang, H. Wang, M. Xie, K. Zong, H. Zheng, Y. Shu, J. Liu, H. Yan, M. Zhu, and W. Lau, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 6880 (2013)
40. J. W. Cho, A. Ismail, S. J. Park, W. Kim, S. Yoon, and B. K. Min, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 5, 4162 (2013)
41. T. Schnabel, M. Low, and E. Ahlswede, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 117, 324 (2013)
42. C. M. Sutter-Fella, J. A. Stuckelberger, H. Hagendorfer, F. La Mattina, L. Kranz, S. Nishiwaki, A. R. Uhl, Y. E. Romanyuk, and A. N. Tiwari, Chemistry of Materials, (2014)
43. K. Zong, Y. Sun, Y. Zhang, H. Wang, J. Liu, and H. Yan, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, (2013)
44. Q. Tian, X. Xu, L. Han, M. Tang, R. Zou, Z. Chen, M. Yu, J. Yang, and J. Hu, CrystEngComm, 14, 3847 (2012)
45. T. Prabhakar and N. Jampana, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95, 1001 (2011)
46. H. Zhou, T.-B. Song, W.-C. Hsu, S. Luo, S. Ye, H.-S. Duan, C.-J. Hsu, W. Yang, and Y. Yang, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 135, 15998 (2013)
47. J. V. Li, D. Kuciauskas, M. R. Young, and I. L. Repins, Applied Physics Letters, 103 (2013)
48. J. J. Scragg, J. T. Watjen, M. Edoff, T. Ericson, T. Kubart, and C. Platzer-Bjorkman, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134, 19330 (2012)
49. S. Lopez-Marino, M. Placidi, A. Perez-Tomas, J. Llobet, V. Izquierdo-Roca, X. Fontane, A. Fairbrother, M. Espindola-Rodriguez, D. Sylla, and A. Perez-Rodriguez, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 8338 (2013)
50. L. Larina, D. Shin, J. H. Kim, and B. T. Ahn, Energy & Environmental Science, 4, 3487 (2011)
51. G. Wang, S. Wang, Y. Cui, and D. Pan, Chemistry of Materials, 24, 3993 (2012)
52. T.-L. Li, Y.-L. Lee, and H. Teng, Energy & Environmental Science, 5, 5315 (2012)
53. S. Bloxham, O. Eicher-Lorka, R. Jakubenas, and G. Niaura, Chemija, 13, 190 (2002)