近年來隨著工業發展，電力短缺的狀況下，能源的開發成為全球首要的目標之一，其中又以儲能裝置最受到矚目，目前主要的儲能裝置為鋰電池、超級電容、燃料電池等，但鋰電池以及燃料電池有造價昂貴，原料難以取得，放電功率小等缺點，而超級電容器則能應付上述條件，使其成為目前主要的研究目標。在此實驗中，首先以電鍍法開發出高電化學活性之材料，後續預處理集流體賦予高比表面積進一步提高反應點位，並利用SEM、EDX、XRD、RAMAN、TEM、XPS進行物性分析，再利用CV、GCD、EIS、Cycle testing探討材料的電化學性能。
第一部分使用釩基前驅物VCl3與其他金屬前驅物(KCl2、LiCl、NiCl2)，形成金屬電鍍液，並使用造價便宜的鎳發泡材做為集流體，利用電鍍法沉積出釩基氧化物薄膜於鎳發泡材上，經由電化學檢測，確定最合適的電鍍液，再經由最適化實驗參數的調整(電鍍液比例、電鍍電流以及電鍍時間)後得到最佳化樣品，並將其命名為VN1B5。後續經由XRD晶體繞射分析確定薄膜晶體結構為五氧化三釩V3O5，而鎳原子以置換型摻雜的方式存在於V3O5晶體內部，在熱力學中得知V3O5並不屬於熱平衡相，即所謂的缺陷型結構，其中釩的價數為3+與4+，因為具有點缺陷以及多價態轉化等特性，使得V3O5與電解質中的離子有較高的電化學活性，V3O5薄膜在電流密度為1 A/g時，比電容值為5689 F/g。
第二部分使用硝酸水浴對鎳發泡材做預處理，使鎳發泡材表面形成氫氧化鎳Ni(OH)2，並將第一部分開發的V3O5薄膜沉積於氫氧化鎳Ni(OH)2上，將最佳電鍍時間之樣品命名為Ni(OH)2/VN1B5。氫氧化鎳具有奈米片狀的優秀結構，賦予V3O5薄膜大量的比表面積。在電化學特性方面，當電流密度為1 A/g時，雙層Ni(OH)2/VN1B5電極的比電容值為7500 F/g，能量密度為167 Wh/kg，功率密度為199 W/kg，經由10000次的充放電循環後，電容保持率為93%。
第三部分以PVA + KOH膠態電解液作為電解質，利用活性碳AC作為負極，Ni(OH)2/VN1B5作為正極，以非對稱性AC//Ni(OH)2/VN1B5以及對稱性Ni(OH)2/VN1B5//Ni(OH)2/VN1B5的方式組裝成膠態超級電容器，在電流密度為1 A/g時，比電容分別為390 F/g、846 F/g，能量密度分別為286 Wh/kg、170 Wh/kg，功率密度分別為1150 W/kg、602 W/kg，經由10000次充放電循環後，電容保持率分別為97%、95%。

In recent years, with the development of industry and the shortage of electricity, the development of energy has become one of the primary goals in the world. Among them, energy storage devices have attracted the most attention. At present, the main energy storage devices are lithium batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells. However, lithium batteries and fuel cells have the disadvantages of high cost, difficulty in obtaining raw materials, and low discharge power, while supercapacitors can cope with the above conditions, making it one of the main research goals at present. In this experiment, vanadium-based materials with high electrochemical activity were first developed using electroplating. To further improve the electrocatalyst, the pretreatment of Ni foam is to create Ni hydroxide with high specific surface area as a current collector was proceded after electrodeposition of vanadium oxide. The bilayer coatings were evaluated with SEM, EDX, XRD, RAMAN, TEM, and XPS for physical property analysis, and then use CV, GCD, EIS, Cycle testing to evaluate electrochemical properties of materials.
The first part uses vanadium precursor of VCl3 and other metal precursors (KCl2, LiCl, NiCl2) to form a metal electroplating solution, and uses a cheap nickel foam material as the current collector, and uses the electroplating method to deposit a vanadium-based oxide film on the nickel foam material. Through electrochemical detection, the most suitable electroplating solution was determined, and then the optimized sample composition was obtained after the optimized experimental parameters in electoplating solution ratio, electroplating current, and electroplating time. The sample prepared at the optimal condition was given a symbol of VN1B5, which was determined to have the film crystal structure of vanadium oxide, V3O5, through XRD crystal diffraction analysis and have the nickel atoms substituted into V3O5 crystal lattice by doping. It is noted that V3O5 does not belong to the thermal equilibrium phase, but a defect-type structure containing the valence charges of vanadium at 3+ and 4+. Due to the characteristics of point defects and multi-valence conversion, V3O5 has high electrochemical activity with the ions in the electrolyte. When the current density of V3O5 film is set at 1 A/g, the specific capacitance value of 5689 F/g was achieved.
The second part involves firstly the utilization of a hot nitric acid water bath to pretreat the nickel foam for growing nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 on the surface of the nickel foam. Secondly, the deposition of V3O5 film on the nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 to form a bilayer coating as an electrocataltytic layer. The sample of the bilayer coating prepared at the best condition was given a symbol of Ni(OH)2/VN1B5. Nickel hydroxide with a nano-sheet structure is used for the purpose of increasing the specific surface area of the top V3O5 layer. In terms of electrochemical properties, when the current density is set at 1 A/g, the Ni(OH)2/VN1B5 electrode achieved specific capacitance of 7500 F/g, the energy density of 167 Wh/kg, and the power density of 199 W/kg. After 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rate is 93%.
In the third part, PVA+KOH colloidal electrolyte is used as electrolyte, activated carbon AC as negative electrode, Ni(OH)2/VN1B5 as positive electrode to form the solid-state asymmetric AC//Ni(OH)2/VN1B5 and symmetric Ni(OH)2/VN1B5//Ni(OH)2/VN1B5 full cells. When the current density is set at 1 A/g, the asymmetric and symmetric full cells performed the specific capacitances of 390 F/g and 846 F/g, respectively, the energy densities of 286 Wh/kg and 170 Wh/kg, and the power densities of 1149 W/kg and 602 W/g. After 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention rates are respectively 97% and 95%.

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