本論文主要研製一台3.3 kW可程式化高效率電池充電器，可應用於不同規格的電池。主要架構採用單變壓器雙輸出全橋串聯諧振轉換器(SRC)，輸出電壓分別為150 V及300 V。而全橋SRC轉換器之操作頻率隨著150 V輸出做調變；另一組300 V輸出則是作為後級降壓型轉換器的輸入電壓。降壓型轉換器利用脈波寬度調變來實現輸出電壓可調的功能，並於最後將降壓型轉換器的輸出電壓和150 V做疊加，得到總輸出電壓。全橋SRC轉換器操作於Region-2時，變壓器一次側開關具有零電壓切換之柔切特性，且變壓器二次側整流二極體自然有零電流切換，可以減少整體的切換損耗，提升整機效率。可程式化定電壓/定電流的功能則是利用在降壓型轉換器中加入數位可變電阻來實現。
最後，針對上述架構設計出3.3 kW可程式化高效率電池充電器的電路雛型，並經過測試來驗證其可行性。根據實驗結果，整機效率可達93%以上。

This thesis presents the design and implementation of a 3.3kW programmable high efficiency battery charger for different battery specifications. The circuit topology is full-bridge series resonant converter (SRC) with dual-output design of 150V and 300V. The switching frequency of the developed full-bridge SRC circuit is modulated to regulate the 150V output voltage. The 300V voltage is supplied to a buck converter with pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control for achieving a wide-range adjustable output voltage, that is cascoded with the 150V voltage. Under Region-2 operation, the full-bridge SRC circuit not only has the inherent zero-voltage switching feature at primary side, but also has zero-current switching feature at secondary side. The switching losses can be reduced significantly and the overall efficiency can be improved. A constant voltage/constant current (CV/CC) control is implemented by using a digital-variable-resistor technique for buck converter for realizing programmable charging function. Finally, a 3.3kW laboratory prototype for the studied programmable high efficiency battery charger is built and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme. According to the experimental results, the overall efficiency can be up to 93%.

[1] F. C. Lee, “High-Frequency Quasi-Resonant and Multi-Resonant Converter Technologies,“ IEEE IECON, pp. 509-521, 1988.
[2] J. Feng, Y. Hu, W. Chen, and C. C. Wen, “ZVS Analysis of Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter,” IEEE PESC, Vol. 1, pp. 243-247, 2001.
[3] J. G. Cho, J. A. Sabate, and F. C. Lee, “Novel Full Bridge Zero-Voltage-Transition PWM DC/DC Converter for High Power Applications,” IEEE PESC, pp. 143-149, 1994.
[4] C. M. Wang, “A New Family of Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) PWM Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 52, pp. 1117-1125, 2005.
[5] J. W. Baek, J. G. Cho, D. W. Yoo, G.H. Rim, and H.G. Kim, “An Improved Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter with Secondary Active Clamp”, IEEE PESC, pp. 948-954. 1998.
[6] A. K. S. Bhat, “Analysis and Design of a Modified Series Resonant Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, pp. 423-430, 1993.
[7] J. P. Agrawal, K. siri, and C. Q. Lee, “Determination and Minimization of Cross Regulation in Multi-Output High Order SRC,” IEEE Circuits and Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 692-695, 1990.
[8] F. S. Tsai and F. C. Lee. “A Complete DC Characterization of a Constant-Frequency,Clamped-Mode, Series Resonant Converter,” IEEE PESC, pp. 987-996, 1988.
[9] M. K. Kazimierczuk and S. Wong, “Frequency-Domain Analysis of Series Resonant Converter for Continuous Conduction Mode,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 6, pp.270-279, 1992.
[10] A. F. Hernandez, R. W. Erickson, S. Lofton, and P. Anderson, “A Large Signal Computer Model for the Series Resonant Converter,” IEEE PESC, pp. 737-744, 1991.
[11] M. K. Kazimierczuk and D. Czarkowski, “Resonant Power Converters,” John Wiley & Sons.
[12] S. C. Wong, A. D. Brown, Y. S. Lee, and S. W. Ng, “Parasitic Losses Modeling of a Series Resonant Converter Circuit,” IEEE Circuits and Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 921-924, 1997.
[13] 顏上進，“串聯諧振轉換器輕載調制策略之研究”，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系研究所博士論文，民國九十五年。
[14] 謝銘琮，“適合全載範圍操作之全橋相移式串聯諧振直流/直流轉換器研製”，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系研究所碩士論文，民國九十六年。
[15] 劉宇晨，“700W雙組輸出備援式直流/直流轉換器研製”，國立台灣科技大學電子工程系研究所碩士論文，民國九十八年。
[16] N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland and W. P. Robbins, “Power Electronics Converters Applications and Design, Third Edition,” John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[17] A. K. S. Bhat, “Analysis and Design of LCL-type Series Resonant Converter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 118-124, 1994.
[18] R. Liu and C. Q. Lee, “Analysis and Design of LLC-type Series Resonant Converter,” IEE Proc. Vol. 24, pp. 1517-1519, 1988.
[19] L. Yan, L. Wenduo, L. Bing, and D. J. Wyk, “Design of Integrated Passive Component for a 1MHz 1KW Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter,” IEEE IAC, vol.3, pp. 2223-2228, 2005.
[20] K. Siri and C. Q. Lee, “Constant Switching Frequency LLC-type Series Resonant Converter,” IEEE Circuits and Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 513-516, 1989.
[21] R. Liu, C. Q. Lee, and A. K. Upadhyay, “Experimental Study of the LLC-type Series Resonant Converter,“ IEEE APEC, pp. 31-37, 1990.
[22] B. Yang, F. C. Lee, A. J. Zhang, and G. S. Huang, “LLC Resonant Converter for Front End DC/DC Conversion,” IEEE APEC, pp. 1108-1112, 2002.
[23] B. Lu, W. Liu, Y. Liang, F. C. Lee, and J. D. Van Wyk, ”Optimal Design Methodology for LLC Resonant Converter,” IEEE APEC, pp. 533–538. 2006.
[24] R. Liu, L. Batarseh, and C. Q. Lee, “Comparison of Performance Characteristics between LLC-type and Conventional Parallel Resonant Converters,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 24, pp. 1510-1511, 1988.
[25] R. Cheng, Y. Yang, and Y. Jiang, ”Design of LLC Resonant Converter with Integrated Magnetic Technology,” IEEE ICEMS, vol. 2, pp. 1351-1355, 2005.
[26] 梁適安 著，“交換式電源供應器之理論與實務設計/修訂版”，民國98年，全華科技圖書。
[27] G. C. Chryssis, 著，梁適安譯，「高頻交換式電源供應器 第二版」，民國99年，全華科技圖書。
[28] Microchip, “PIC16F882/883/884/886/887”, Data Sheet, 2009.
[29] Microchip, “MCP453X/455X/463X/465X”, Data Sheet, 2008.
[30] Champion, “CM6901 - SLS(SRC/LLC+SR) Controller with 1FM+2 PWMs”, Data Sheet, 2011/10/26 Re1.9.
[31] Texas Instruments, “TL494 - PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS”, Data Sheet, 1999.